WO2012046601A1 - Panax ginseng c.a.mey. cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an efficient cultivation method of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. which prevents damage from continuous cropping particular to Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., and is capable of reducing the work involved in cultivation. Said method includes: a Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. cultivation method involving securing seedlings of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. to a cultivation floor comprising particles mainly comprising at least one kind of particles selected from a group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles, and allowing at least one part of the rhizosphere of the Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. seedlings to be in constant contact with non-circulating running water; and a Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. cultivation method involving securing seeds of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. to a cultivation floor comprising particles mainly comprising at least one kind of particles selected from a group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles, and allowing at least one part of the Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. seeds to be in constant contact with non-circulating running water.

Description

How to grow ginseng

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating ginseng, and more particularly, to a method for cultivating ginseng that can prevent a continuous cropping problem that has always been a problem in conventional cultivation methods.

Panax ginseng (scientific name: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been widely used for medicinal purposes since ancient times mainly in the East Asian region, and is still used as a pharmaceutical raw material, health food and food. Traditionally, wild products have been used for these purposes, but their resources have been depleted, and cultivation has been promoted widely in Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan and other countries.

However, Panax ginseng is a negative plant that dislikes direct sunlight, so its growth is slow. To obtain Panax ginseng for pharmaceutical use, a cultivation period of 5 to 6 years is required.

Furthermore, when ginseng is cultivated in normal soil, it causes a particularly strong continuous cropping disorder due to long-term residues of pathogenic bacteria or compounds generated from the roots. The continuous cropping disorder of ginseng is mainly caused by root rot fungi, and it is also suggested that residual anilines and phenolic acids may be involved (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

For this reason, it is said that it is necessary to leave an interval of 10 years or more until the next planting in the land once cultivated ginseng, and this is a big obstacle to the efficient use of land regardless of domestic and overseas It has become. In fact, even a two-year nursery in the traditional ginseng growing area in Nagano Prefecture does not continue.

Also, it is desirable that the soil for cultivating ginseng should be improved in physical and chemical properties by putting a large amount of compost into the field and deep-plowing several times over the previous year of cultivation. Therefore, when cultivating ginseng, the land cannot be used for one year before cultivation and ten years after cultivation.

¡Ginseng is known to take time and effort in addition to the above-mentioned continuous cropping obstacles. For example, ginseng is vulnerable to high temperatures and prefers moist soil, but excessive moisture tends to cause pathogenic bacteria in the rhizosphere and cause diseases such as root rot. Therefore, drainage of the underground part must be improved.

Panax ginseng has many diseases, and gray mold disease, spot disease, withering disease, rust disease, etc. occur, and it spreads to a certain range as the fungus grows. There must be.

Furthermore, Panax ginseng is also frequently eaten by insects such as aphids and must be sprayed with an insecticide as needed to control the insects.

Furthermore, since ginseng is a negative plant, it is necessary to control the sunshine conditions, and it is usually necessary to construct a sun-covered roof for cultivation.

For the above reasons, ginseng is considered one of the most difficult plants to grow among medicinal plants.

This invention makes it a subject to construct | assemble the cultivation method of the efficient ginseng which can prevent the continuous crop disorder peculiar to ginseng, and can reduce the effort concerning cultivation.

As a result of earnest studies on the cultivation method of ginseng, the present inventors can prevent continuous cropping disorders specific to ginseng by cultivating ginseng using non-circulating running water and a special cultivation floor. In addition, the present inventors have found that the labor and time required for cultivation can be reduced and the cultivation period can be shortened.

That is, the present invention fixes ginseng seedlings to a cultivation bed consisting mainly of one or more particles selected from the group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least part of the rhizosphere of ginseng seedlings A method for cultivating ginseng and a method for preventing continuous cropping failure, characterized in that it is always brought into contact with circulating running water.

In the present invention, ginseng seeds are fixed to a cultivation bed composed of one or more particles selected from the group consisting mainly of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least a part of ginseng seeds is non-circulating. A method for cultivating ginseng and a method for preventing continuous cropping failure, characterized by being constantly brought into contact with running water.

The method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention is a method of cultivating ginseng using non-circulating running water and a special cultivation floor, so that part of the rhizosphere and part of seeds of ginseng seedling are non-circulating. Since there is no stagnation of water in the cultivated floor, long-term residues of pathogenic bacteria and specific compounds generated from the roots when cultivated ginseng in the soil do not occur, preventing continuous cropping failure. it can.

Moreover, since there is no continuous cropping failure in the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention, it can be cultivated permanently in the same place, so that it is not necessary to newly replace the sunshade provided for adjusting the sunshine conditions.

Furthermore, since the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention can prevent the generation of pests and weeds, it is possible to significantly reduce pesticide cultivation including omissions such as weeding, plowing and topdressing, and omission of soil disinfection. This makes it possible to prevent the spread of diseases.

Furthermore, since the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention can sufficiently enlarge the roots even in one year, flexible and efficient production such as one-year cultivation and shortening of the cultivation period are possible.

As described above, according to the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention, it is possible to prevent continuous cropping failure and reduce labor for cultivation, so that the cultivation cost can be remarkably reduced.

In particular, the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention can also be performed on natural land such as a mountainous area. In this case, it can be shielded from light by trees, etc. Furthermore, it is not necessary to build a sun-covered roof because it is difficult to receive high temperature from the soil by running water, and natural water such as river water is used as non-circulating running water This makes it possible to save troublesome work such as weeding and fertilization, so that the cultivation cost can be significantly reduced.

2 is a photograph showing the transplanted state of ginseng seedlings in Example 1. FIG. It is a photograph which shows the state 8 months after the transplant of the seed of the ginseng in Example 1. FIG. It is a photograph which shows the state 8 months after the transplant of the seed of the ginseng in Example 3. FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of ginseng cultivated in Example 3. It is a photograph which shows the state 3 months after the transplant of the seed of the ginseng in Example 4. It is a photograph which shows the state where mud mixed in running water in the cultivation environment of comparative example 1.

Panax ginseng seedlings used in the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the cultivating method of the present invention”) refers to seedlings grown for one to three years from seeds of ginseng. Any of the cultivated can be used.

Particles selected from the group consisting mainly of sand, gravel and pebbles are preferably 80% by mass (hereinafter referred to simply as “%”) or more, particularly preferably 95% or more as the cultivation bed for fixing the seeds of ginseng. The thing which consists of 1 or more types of these is mentioned. Since such cultivation beds are substantially free of clay and soil, running water is allowed to flow, and non-circulating running water can always be in contact with at least part of the rhizosphere of ginseng seedlings. No water stays inside.

Note that the sand used for the cultivation floor belongs to fine sand (diameter 0.02 mm or more) according to the particle size classification by the International Soil Society, and gravel (pebbles) has a particle diameter of 2 mm or more. Specifically, the particles selected from the group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles that can be used for cultivation floors include river sand such as crushed stone, yaha sand, Shirakawa sand, Tenjin sand, agricultural sand such as mountain sand, sea sand, and pumice. , Mountain gravel, land gravel, bar light and the like.

Moreover, you may contain a chemical fertilizer etc. in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention to a cultivation floor.

The cultivation floor may be provided directly in non-circulating running water, but it can also be placed in a container such as a planter with a hole that allows water to flow, a wooden box, or a cylindrical container with a bottom. Good.

The non-circulating running water used for cultivating the seeds of ginseng is not particularly limited as long as it is water that can cultivate ginseng, but is water that has been circulated once with a pump or the like. must not. Examples of such non-circulating running water include natural water such as river water, river water, mountain stream water, spring water, etc. or mineral water added to normal tap water, and natural water is preferred. In addition, the temperature of the flowing water is preferably a temperature at which seedlings of ginseng are not withered throughout the year, for example, 10 to 25 ° C. Further, the flow rate of the flowing water is preferably a speed at which the flowing water does not stagnate in the cultivation bed, for example, 3 cm / s or more, and preferably 5 m / s or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that the depth of this running water is uniform.

In order to make the non-circulating running water always contact at least a part, preferably all, of the ginseng rhizosphere, at least a part of the cultivation bed is provided in the non-circulating running water and the running water is passed through the cultivation bed. What is necessary is just to fix so that it may always be made to contact with the flowing water in which at least one part, preferably all of the ginseng rhizosphere is noncirculated. The method for fixing the ginseng seedling is not particularly limited. For example, the seedlings are laid vertically or slightly horizontally so that the buds can be immersed in water and covered with a cultivation floor from above. The method of planting a seedling in the part which came out on water is mentioned. In addition, the interval (planting density) for planting ginseng seedlings on the cultivation floor may be adjusted as appropriate so that adjacent seedlings are in slight contact with each other during cultivation, for example, about 5 to 7 cm × 5 to 7 cm for first to second graders. For 3rd to 4th grades, it may be about 10 cm × 20 cm, and for 5th grade or more, about 20 cm × 30 cm.

In addition, since ginseng is a negative plant, the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably carried out under sunshine conditions in which the average daily illuminance is 500 lux or more and 30,000 lux or less on average. In order to cultivate under this sunshine condition, for example, a column using timber and bamboo, a pipe skeleton used for house cultivation, a metal wire, etc. Set up sunshades, set up houses, etc. to cover the cultivation floor, adjust sunshine conditions, and grow in environments under natural trees that are exposed to direct sunlight for about 2 hours a day Just do it.

In addition, since ginseng has many diseases, the cultivation method of the present invention is preferably carried out under conditions where mud that can cause pathogens is not substantially mixed into running water. Here, the fact that mud does not substantially mix with running water refers to a state where it cannot be visually confirmed from about 1 m away from running water that the running water is colored by mud. In order to prevent mud from being mixed into the flowing water, for example, the flowing water before being introduced into the cultivation floor may be passed through a settling tank, a filtering device, or the like.

Furthermore, the cultivation method of the present invention can perform additional fertilization during cultivation within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. When the fertilizer is cultivated by putting ginseng in a container together with the cultivation floor, organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer may be added to the cultivation floor. On the other hand, when the cultivation floor is not put in the container, a chemical fertilizer may be placed and dissolved naturally in an upstream position of non-circulating running water, or liquid fertilizer may be sprayed on the above-ground part of ginseng. This topdressing may be performed several times a year as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

Furthermore, the cultivation method of the present invention is abundant in natural water, such as natural places that meet the above conditions, such as Nishikigawa upstream, Shimane prefecture upstream, Yodogawa upstream area, Japan, Yunnan Province of China, etc. It can be done even on slopes in mountainous areas where trees are shaded and there is little or no viscosity or soil near the flow path and cultivation floor.

Furthermore, the cultivation method of the present invention can be used not only for cultivation of seedlings of ginseng but also for raising seedlings from seeds. In that case, seeds of ginseng may be fixed on the cultivation bed and at least a part, preferably all of the seeds, may be kept in contact with running water that is not circulated.

According to the cultivation method of the present invention described above, continuous cropping failure peculiar to cultivation of ginseng can be prevented. Therefore, after carrying out the cultivation method of the present invention once and collecting ginseng, it is possible to cultivate ginseng at the same place immediately.

Moreover, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce not only continuous cropping troubles but also the time and effort required for cultivation, and furthermore, it is possible to obtain ginseng that can be used for health foods and beverages even when the cultivation period is about one year. it can.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
Cultivation from seedlings (1):
In the mountainous area upstream of Nishikigawa, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, look for a slope with trees covered at the top and an average daily illuminance of 30,000 lux or less. An area was established where non-circulating running water with a depth of 3 to 5 cm always flows at 10 cm / s throughout the year. The flow rate of the flowing water is the distance of 5 seconds when a piece of paper (material: general printing paper, size 3 cm x 3 cm, weight 50 mg) is placed on the surface of the non-circulating flowing water where the culture bed is to be installed. It measured 5 times and calculated | required from the average value. The seedlings of annual ginseng with an average raw weight of 8.3g are installed in the running water at an angle, covered with gravel with a grain size of about 1cm, and fixed with gravel so that the whole seedling is immersed in water. A watering cultivation floor was provided and seedlings were transplanted. The seedlings in this state are shown in FIG. 1, and the seedlings after 8 months from the transplantation are shown in FIG.

After transplanting the seedlings, we did not manage any weed removal, pesticide application, topdressing, etc., and harvested ginseng after 13 months and grew to an average weight of 15 g. As a result of component quantification of the harvested ginseng according to the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the main component ginsenoside Rb ₁ was 0.90% (the pharmacopoeia reference value was 0.3 to 1.0%), and ginsenoside Rb ₂ was The ratio was 0.47% (0.3 to 0.5%), which sufficiently satisfied the standard as a pharmaceutical described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.

Example 2
Continuous test:
In exactly the same place where the ginseng was cultivated in Example 1, a second-year seedling of ginseng (average fresh weight: 8.2 g) was planted again and cultivated. After transplanting the seedlings, weeds were not removed, pesticide spraying, and topdressing were not managed at all. However, withering was not observed, and after 5 months, the plant grew to 14 g on average. As a result, it was shown that there was no problem even if ginseng was continuously produced at the same place.

Example 3
Cultivation from seedlings (2):
A planter (30 cm × 40 cm × 10 cm) with a hole in the bottom is placed in the same area where the ginseng was cultivated in Example 1, and a large gravel with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm is placed within a depth of 2 to 3 cm. So that running water could pass through the area. On top of that, 2 g of chemical fertilizer added to commercially available gravel was added per planter, and the total depth was 10 cm to provide a cultivation floor. There, seedlings were transplanted to a depth that a part of the rhizosphere was soaked in water with a second-year seedling of ginseng (average of fresh weight: 8.3 g).

After the seedling transplantation, we did not manage any weed removal or pesticide spraying. The state 8 months after the transplanting of the seedling is shown in FIG. At this time, weeds were slightly grown on the cultivation floor, but since the growth of ginseng was vigorous, it was negligible for cultivation. Thirteen months after transplanting the seeds of ginseng, the roots were dug by hand and the surface water was sufficiently wiped off. The weight was measured, and as a result, the weight grew to an average of 31.4 g. The thick individual had a length of 240 mm and a diameter of 21.4 mm (FIG. 4). In addition, it is estimated from Example 1 that the enlargement of ginseng progressed because fertilizer was added to the cultivation floor.

As a result of component quantification using the collected ginseng root according to the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the main component ginsenoside Rb ₁ is 0.74%, and ginsenoside Rb ₂ is 0.42%, which is the standard for pharmaceuticals. Was clear enough.

Example 4
Cultivation from seeds:
In the same area where the ginseng was cultivated in Example 1, the seeds of ginseng were placed in water, covered with gravel with a particle size of about 1 cm, further fixed with gravel, and provided with a cultivation floor through which the running water passed, Sowing. The state after 3 months from sowing is shown in FIG.

After weeding, we did not manage weed removal, pesticide spraying, topdressing, etc., and after 5 months we harvested ginseng and grew to an average weight of 3 g.

Comparative Example 1
Cultivation from seedlings (3):
In the middle Abe River, Shizuoka, Japan, a cold chill is installed at the top, the average daily illuminance is less than 30,000 lux, the average annual water temperature is 16.1 ° C, and the depth is always 3 ~ 5 cm non-circulating running water flows at 10 cm / s (the flow rate of the running water is measured by the same method as in Example 1), and the average raw weight of the wasabi field where the river width is a cultivation bed made of pebbles and pebbles. 0 g of 2-year-old ginseng seedlings were placed diagonally on the cultivation floor and transplanted.

Since this wasabi field was an environment where mud was mixed in the running water due to increased water due to typhoons (Fig. 6), 3 months after transplantation, all seedlings of ginseng were damaged and all died. Even in such an environment where mud was mixed with running water, wasabi cultivated nearby was growing smoothly.

The method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention can prevent continuous cropping failure specific to ginseng by cultivating ginseng using non-circulating running water and a special cultivation floor. The cultivation period can be shortened.

Therefore, the method for cultivating ginseng of the present invention makes it possible to supply a large amount of ginseng that is equivalent to conventional cultivated products at a low cost.

Claims (9)

1. Ginseng seedlings are fixed on a cultivation bed consisting mainly of one or more particles selected from the group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least a part of the rhizosphere of ginseng seedlings in non-circulating running water A method for cultivating ginseng, which is always contacted.
2. Ginseng seeds are fixed to a cultivation bed consisting of at least one particle selected from the group consisting mainly of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least a part of ginseng seeds is always in contact with non-circulating running water. The cultivation method of the ginseng characterized by the above-mentioned.
3. The method for cultivating ginseng according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate of non-circulating running water is 3 cm / s or more.
4. The method for cultivating ginseng according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the running water is natural water.
5. The method for cultivating ginseng according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of running water is 10 to 25 ° C.
6. Furthermore, the method for cultivating ginseng according to claim 1 or 2, wherein cultivating ginseng is performed under sunshine conditions in which an average daily illuminance is 30,000 lux or less.
7. Furthermore, the cultivation method of the ginseng of Claim 1 or 2 performed on the conditions which mud does not mix substantially in flowing water.
8. Ginseng seedlings are fixed on a cultivation bed consisting mainly of one or more particles selected from the group consisting of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least a part of the rhizosphere of ginseng seedlings in non-circulating running water A method for preventing continuous cropping damage of ginseng, which is always contacted.
9. Ginseng seeds are fixed to a cultivation bed consisting of at least one particle selected from the group consisting mainly of sand, gravel and pebbles, and at least a part of ginseng seeds is always in contact with non-circulating running water. A method for preventing the failure of continuous cropping of ginseng, characterized by that.

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