TWI675618B - Cultivation method of Asian ginseng and indoor cultivation system of Asian ginseng - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to overcome the problem of Asian ginseng cultivation, a technique capable of stably and efficiently cultivating Asian ginseng is provided.

A method of cultivating Asian ginseng, which is characterized in that a plurality of ginsengs are prepared, and one side is relatively long when viewed from the plane, and the other is a relatively short shape. A non-woven potted plant with an opening at the upper part is used. In the length direction of the pot, Asian ginseng seedlings are individually planted so that their axes are inclined, and the germination part side of the seedlings is placed outside in a multi-stage shed.

Description

Cultivation method of Asian ginseng and indoor cultivation system of Asian ginseng

The present invention relates to a method of cultivating Asian ginseng. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of cultivating Asian ginseng that can be grown in a house, such as in a stable and efficient manner, and an indoor cultivation system.

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is mainly produced in China and the Korean peninsula. It has an important position as a medicinal plant of Chinese herbal medicine. With the improvement of the health trend, this Asian ginseng is not only used as a raw material of Chinese herbal medicines, but also used in health foods for the purpose of strengthening, and its demand is gradually increasing.

Asian ginseng is cultivated in Japan, such as Nagano, Fukushima, and Shimane prefectures, but its production is small. In order to meet domestic needs, a considerable amount is imported from overseas.

However, the production of Asian ginseng in Japan is small because Asian ginseng has the following problems: easy to get sick, continuous cropping obstacles, long harvest days, and laborious and time-consuming cultivation.

First, Asian ginseng is susceptible to diseases such as blight, root rot, and spot disease. It is necessary to prevent infection through soil and rain. Occurrence of disease.

In addition, Asian ginseng has a continuous cropping obstacle and cannot be continuously cultivated from one field. Furthermore, it takes 4 to 6 years from sowing to harvesting. Therefore, it has a very poor efficiency in terms of land use. In addition, in order to continuously crop from the same field, it is necessary to disinfect the soil after one cultivation, and it takes one to several years for the soil suitable for cultivation, and the soil is made (Non-Patent Document 1).

Further, during cultivation, there are also problems of installation of a day-covering eaves for avoiding direct sunlight and weeding and weeding of weeds growing in a field.

With such a large number of issues, despite the increasing demand for Asian ginseng, its production has not increased, which is the status quo in Japan.

There is also a document that teaches a pot plant for ginseng cultivation under a solar panel (Patent Document 1, Figure 2). However, in this document, the material and shape of the pot plant are used to describe how to grow ginseng. Cultivation has not been fully documented, and of course it cannot be said that the above-mentioned problems in Asian ginseng cultivation have been solved.

There is also a document (Patent Document 2) for cultivating ginseng in a house using an artificial light source, but this document only describes a method to prevent cultivation conditions such as unstable outside the house, and controls brightness and temperature in the house. Whether the ginseng has been cultivated efficiently in the actual situation, and no other information on how to grow the ginseng is available.

[Xizhi technical literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] International Publication No. WO2013 / 108620

[Patent Document 2] The Republic of Korea published Japanese Patent Gazette No. 10-2014-0047928

[Non-patent literature]

[Non-Patent Document 1] Toshio Otaki, "Medical Ginseng-Method of Making and Selling Method-" (Revised 6th edition of the new edition), P38-46, Nongsan Yucun Cultural Association, July 20, Showa 61

Therefore, the present invention is to overcome the problem of Asian ginseng cultivation, and to provide a technique capable of stably and efficiently cultivating Asian ginseng.

The present inventors hold a sense of crisis that most of the Asian ginseng consumed in our country is imported from foreign countries, and carried out a cultivation method and a cultivation system of good Asian ginseng that can solve the above-mentioned problems in cultivation. Review. As a result, it was found that Asian ginseng can be efficiently cultivated in the house by using materials and methods that are greatly different from conventional ideas, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is a method for cultivating Asian ginseng. It is characterized in that a plurality of them are prepared, one of which is relatively long in plan view and the other is relatively short in shape. A non-woven potted plant with an opening in the upper part is placed in each, and the soil for cultivation is placed so that its axis becomes inclined. In a state-based manner, Asian ginseng seedlings are individually planted in the length direction of the pot, and the germination part side of the seedlings is placed on the outside in a multi-stage shed.

The indoor cultivating system for Asian ginseng according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of Asian ginseng cultivation pots are placed in a multi-stage shed installed in the house. Relatively long, the other is a relatively short shape, with a non-woven potted plant with an opening in the upper part, and the Asian ginseng seedlings are individually planted with their axes tilted in the length direction of the potted plant. The side of the germination part of the seedling becomes the outside of the shed. A light source is provided between the multi-stage shed and the multi-stage shed. A light source control unit for controlling the light source is provided. A temperature control unit for indoor temperature control is provided. The irrigation amount control unit for controlling the soil moisture content of the Asian ginseng cultivation pot.

According to the cultivation method and cultivation system of the present invention, Asian ginseng can be cultivated stably and efficiently in a house or the like, so it is useful as an economical supply method for Asian ginseng.

1‧‧‧ Cultivated potted planting of Asian ginseng

2‧‧‧ cultivation pot

3‧‧‧ soil

4‧‧‧ Asian Ginseng

10‧‧‧In-house cultivation system of Asian ginseng

11‧‧‧ light source

12‧‧‧Multi-section shed

[Fig. 1] An oblique planting cultivation (A) and an upright planting of the present invention are shown In cultivation (B), a map of the amount of increase in root weight after about 100 days was planted.

[FIG. 2] A cross-sectional view of a cultivation pot in which Asian ginseng used in the cultivation system of the present invention is obliquely planted.

[Fig. 3] A schematic view of a cultivation system of the present invention.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, a non-woven pot plant (hereinafter referred to as a "cultivating pot plant") used for cultivation has a plan view shape that is relatively long on one side and relatively short on the other, and a specific example thereof is a flat surface. It is roughly rectangular, oval, and boat-shaped. Moreover, the upper part of the pot has an opening, and the opening is completely opened or provided with a sky surface, and only a part of the opening may be opened. Although the shape is not particularly limited, for example, a rectangular or oval shape is more suitable. good.

As an example of this cultivation pot, a part that becomes the bottom of the non-woven fabric and two parts that become the side are sewn, and the upper part is opened in a boat shape. This can fold one piece of non-woven fabric into a W-shape, and The side stitching is prepared by expanding this to form a bottom surface, a side surface, and the like. In addition, not only the upper part is completely opened, but also a non-woven fabric that becomes the sky surface may be attached to the upper portion of the side surface, and a part of the sky surface may be cut and opened.

Non-woven fabrics used in cultivation pots are non-woven fabrics made of materials such as polylactic acid, cellulose, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and combinations thereof. Among them, polylactic acid, cellulose, and polyester A non-woven fabric made of a material is preferred. This kind of non-woven fabric, specifically, can benefit Commercial products such as AXTAR (manufactured by Toray), ELTAS (manufactured by Asahi Kasei), Haibon (manufactured by Shinwa), Tyvek (manufactured by DuPont-Asahi Flash), and the like are used. In the present invention, the reason why the non-woven fabric is used as the cultivation pot is because the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil are excellent, so it is suitable for pot cultivation of Asian ginseng.

In the method of the present invention, seedlings are planted in such a manner that the soil for cultivation is placed in the above-mentioned cultivation pot and the shaft is inclined.

The cultivation soil used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but, for example, a good soil base material and base fertilizer which are sterile, nutrient-free, and water-retaining are preferable because they are simple and inexpensive.

Although the soil base material of the above-mentioned cultivation soil is not particularly limited, for example, volcanic ash soil of a viscous nature and weathering material of a volcanic eruption material can be exemplified, and red jade soil and deer soil which are inexpensive and available in large quantities are preferred.

The base fertilizer used in combination with the above-mentioned soil base material is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include rotten leaf soil and lees. Although the mixing amount of these base fertilizers is not particularly limited, for example, it is better to mix the soil base material and the base fertilizer from a mass ratio of 10: 1 to 1: 1.

Moreover, although the cation exchange capacity (CEC; unit: meq / 100g) which shows the fertility of the said cultivation soil is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is 20-60, especially 25-45. In addition, although the air permeability of the soil for cultivation is not particularly limited, for example, the porosity converted into soil is about 30 to 40%, and particularly preferably 34 to 37%.

Furthermore, although the pH and electrical conductivity of the above-mentioned cultivation soil are not particularly limited, for example, the pH is about 4.8 to 6.4, and the electrical conductivity is (EC; unit: mS / cm), preferably about 0.1 to 0.5.

In addition, the cultivation of Asian ginseng outside the house is preferably soil with a well-developed pellet structure (Chinese Patent Publication No. 103430743 and Chinese Patent Publication No. 102577835). Before cultivation, a large amount of green manure and compost are mixed in the soil sterilization operation and across 1 to several years. It is necessary to prepare the Asian ginseng before it is fully stirred.

Although the soil with well-developed aggregate structure has good cultivation due to its moderate fertility and aeration, in order to obtain this kind of soil, a new field is created by plucking woodland. In the place where Asian ginseng was cultivated once, After animal-based fertilizers are mixed in the soil, corn and the like are grown in the soil and mixed with green manure, and it takes a lot of labor and time to improve the soil.

However, in the method of the present invention, it is possible to use soil with a well-developed agglomerate structure as described above, but without using it, as long as a soil base material and a base fertilizer with good water retention are mixed, Asian ginseng can be cultivated sufficiently.

The above-mentioned planting of Asian ginseng seedlings in a cultivation pot filled with cultivation soil is planted obliquely by matching the axial direction of the seedlings with the length direction of the cultivation pot. The planting angle is 60 ° or less in the horizontal direction, preferably 10 to 45 °, and even more preferably 15 to 30 °. In addition, when planting here, the soil is not covered in the germinated part of the seedling, which is a good countermeasure against illness.

The reason for this is that when the planting angle is planted upright (for a horizontal plane of 90 °), although the main roots of Asian ginseng will grow fine roots, when it is planted obliquely, it will only be on the lower half of the main roots of Asian ginseng. The surface grows, so the main root tends to become thick.

In addition, as a result of oblique planting in the cultivation pot, the height of the cultivation pot is lower than that in a case where the main root is upright, and since the overall height of the growing above-ground part is suppressed, it is possible to increase the number of sections of the multi-story shed described below, and it is also possible The advantage of improving the cultivation efficiency per unit area.

As mentioned above, the Asian potted ginseng is cultivated in a multi-segment shed that is placed in a place where it is shielded from direct sunlight, preferably in a shaded place more than 50% of the day, so that the side of the germination part of the seedling becomes outside Way to mount. This direct sunlight is blocked, and it becomes a shady place for more than 50% of the day. For example, it is only necessary to set up a place made of metal or non-metal eaves. The surrounding area is surrounded by walls. good. Among them, in the case of cultivation in a house, the management of temperature, humidity, and moisture content in the soil in the house, and the management of lighting using an artificial light source are more preferable.

The light source is not particularly limited to natural light, artificial lighting, etc., but the direction of light irradiation may be direct light or reflected light to illuminate the side of the shed. By irradiating light to the side of the shed, the upper part of the ground can be extended toward the side of the shed and the light can be appropriately irradiated. The method of irradiating light on the side of the shed may be to adjust the arrangement of the shed or the like so that the reflected light is irradiated to the side, or artificial lighting may be provided toward the side of the shed.

Although the artificial lighting is not particularly limited, for example, it is better to use a light source composed of white light bulbs, fluorescent lamps, LEDs, etc., especially to enlarge the ground part of Asian ginseng. Light source composed of LED or red LED and blue LED good. In addition, although the ratio of the red LED and the blue LED is not particularly limited, for example, 8: 2 to 6: 4 is preferable, and 7: 3 is particularly preferable. In addition, the wavelength of the red LED, for example, a light emission wavelength having a peak at 650 to 700 nm is preferable, and a wavelength having a peak at 660 nm is more preferable. In addition, the wavelength of the blue LED is, for example, a light emission wavelength having a peak at 450 to 500 nm is preferred, and a wavelength having a peak at 470 nm is more preferred.

In the case of using the artificial lighting described above, in order to enlarge the ground part of Asian ginseng, it is preferable to irradiate the leaves of Asian ginseng with light more than 4 hours per day, preferably 8 to 16 hours, and even more preferably 6 to 10 hours. The average density of the photo-synthesized optical quantum beam is 12 to 24 μmolm ^-2 s ^-1 . If the average light-synthesized photon beam density irradiated by the leaves is smaller than the above range, the undergrowth of Asian ginseng may be insufficient, and Asian ginseng may be withered. In addition, the average of the photo-synthesized optical quantum beam density is an average value of the photo-synthesized optical quantum beam density measured by a photo-quantum measuring device at a plurality of positions near a leaf of an individual of Asian ginseng.

In addition, the multi-story shed is a gap in which the height between the sheds needs to be set to include the height of the cultivation pot and the extent that the growing ground part can be extended from the side to the upper part without being affected by the upper part of the shed. The interval between the sheds (the interval between the lower shed slab and the upper shed slab) is not particularly limited as long as the height of the above-ground part is not hindered, but it is preferably about 25-50cm, and more preferably 30-40cm. If the height between the sheds is narrower than 25cm, the above-ground part (leaf) of the Asian ginseng extended from the cultivation pots located on the upper and lower stages of the shed will overlap the side of the shed, and the lower part of the Asian ginseng cannot fully illuminate light Happening. In addition, the shed board can be made into a net shape with slits, etc. Weak weak sunlight efficiently.

Furthermore, in this multi-segment shed, the cultivation pot is placed so that the side of the germinated part of the Asian ginseng seedlings faces the outside of the shed board. This is because the germinated ground part, especially the leaves, is extended toward the side of the shed. , Even if it is blocked to some extent by daylight or weakened artificial lighting, it can be fully irradiated. As a result, the multi-stage shed can also allow Asian ginseng to grow fully.

In addition, the height of the Asian ginseng is about 1m when the ground is upright. In the ordinary cultivation method, the height of each section of the shed needs to be about 1.5m when the height of the pot is added. In addition, it is assumed that the height of a typical building is 3 to 4 m per floor, and the warehouse is 5 to 7 m in height. The number of sheds is only 2 and at most 3. In this regard, as in the present invention, when the seedlings are planted in an inclined state, the space between the sheds can be narrowed by extending the upper part toward the side of the shed, so that more segments can be installed, and the cultivation efficiency per unit area can be improved.

As described above, the irrigation of the cultivation pots placed in the multi-stage shed is carried out by dripping to a position that is not too close to the main root or by infiltration from the side of the pot. The amount is to make the soil for cultivation carry moisture. The amount is preferably, specifically, the moisture content of the soil for cultivation after irrigation is 8% or more, preferably 8 to 20%, and it is not always necessary to be 8% or more. In addition, after irrigation, it means within 2 hours after irrigation. In order to achieve such a water content, for example, it is sufficient to irrigate 20 to 40 mL of water for 4 L of soil for cultivation. The number of times of irrigation is more than once every 2 days, preferably about once to twice a day.

Asian ginseng will wither if the dry state persists, but it is easy to get sick if there is a lot of water retained in the cultivation pot, so I irrigate here The method and moisture content of the cultivation soil need careful attention.

On the other hand, fertilization is the time when the Asian ginseng seedlings are planted to germinate, leaves are formed from the ground, and the fine roots of the seedlings are fully inserted into the soil, preferably at a position 3 to 5 cm from the tip of the roots of the seedlings. Apparatus for injecting gelatinous liquid fertilizers, such as a syringe, is performed 1 to several times a year, preferably 1 to 3 times, and it is also preferable to perform the same time after the leap year.

Although the fertilizer used for fertilizing here is not specifically limited, For example, it contains the plant-based fertilizer made from the raw material of a vegetable oil meal, and the animal-material fertilizer made from the raw material of fish and livestock is also preferable. Although the ratio of the plant-based fertilizer and the animal-based fertilizer in this fertilizer is not particularly limited, for example, a large amount of the plant-based fertilizer is preferred, and the ratio of the plant-based fertilizer and the animal-based fertilizer is preferably 9: 1 to 7: 3 by mass. . In addition, since these fertilizers stay in the soil and gradually melt out, the effect is sustainable, so semi-solid (gel-like) or gel-like fertilizers are preferred. Commercial products of such fertilizers include, for example, all organic gums (made by Katakura Chikkarin), some organic gums 222 Saiji (made by Sun Agro), Kiwa gum (made by Kiwawa Fertilizer Industry), and the like. In addition, the semi-solid or gel-like fertilizer should have a viscosity at 25 ° C measured by a viscometer of 10 to 3 million mPa. s (millimeter Pascal seconds) or liquid fertilizer with a leak viscosity of 8-20 seconds (500ml / 500ml).

In addition, the reason why fertilization on the apex of the root of the seedling is better is to prevent fertilizer burns caused by direct contact between the fertilizer and the main root of Asian ginseng, by fertilizing the part far from the main root, and by retaining and spreading in the soil Expected effects of fertilizer release. The fertilization position of the root tip of the seedling is specifically located in the cultivation soil that is 3 to 5 cm away from the root tip. Better. If the fertilization position is closer than 3cm, the root will rot, and if the fertilization position is farther from the root tip than 5cm, the effect of fertilization may not be improved.

It is also possible to apply fertilizer with foliar spread at the same time as topdressing in the soil. This leaf surface spreading is carried out on the entire leaf surface 1 to several times a year, preferably 1 to 3 times, and it is also better to carry out the same time point after the leap year. Better results can be obtained by performing the topdressing produced by the foliar spread fertilizer and the topdressing in the soil together. Although this foliar spreading fertilizer is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that an inorganic component is a liquid state containing at least magnesium and calcium. Examples of such foliar fertilizers include G-HELPER (manufactured by Musashino Seedling Plantation) and POWERPUL (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin).

In the cultivation method of the present invention, as described above, Asian ginseng planted in a non-woven pot is placed in a multi-stage shed for cultivation, but in this case, it is necessary to control light. That is, because ginseng is a negative plant, it is not good to irradiate strong light throughout the day, and it is better to adjust the optimal light amount by cold yarn or the like according to needs. In addition, because multi-segment greenhouse cultivation can shade the greenhouse by the angle of light irradiation, it is easy to maintain a better environment. However, in cultivation in the indoor environment, for example, the power or angle of the lighting lamp is changed. It is also possible to change the illumination.

Moreover, in the cultivation method of the present invention, the temperature in the house may be about 20 ° C (25 ° C in summer and 10 ° C or less in winter), but in order to make the sprouts bigger, Asian ginseng During the period of 30 ~ 60 days above ground, the temperature is maintained at 23 ~ 28 ℃, and the other is the temperature of 10 ~ 20 ℃. If the upper part is dead, it is better to keep the temperature at -3 to 5 ° C for 60 to 100 days from then until the ground part of Asian ginseng is re-formed, and it is better to maintain the temperature at 10 to 20 ° C.

Further, in the cultivation method of the present invention, although the humidity in the room is not particularly limited, it is preferably maintained at 70 to 80% during the cultivation period, for example.

According to the cultivation method of the present invention described above, since Asian ginseng is cultivated by individual cultivation pots, the diseased cultivation pots can be removed individually, which can suppress the transmission of diseases through the soil and the occurrence of rain Occurrence and expansion of diseases. In addition, by replacing the soil used in cultivation, there is no problem of continuous cropping, and continuous cultivation can be performed in the same place, and labor load can be reduced. Furthermore, when cultivated indoors, it is not affected by the weather, and can be cultivated efficiently and stably.

In particular, when the cultivation method of the present invention is used for indoor cultivation, it is preferable to use a cultivation system described below.

A multi-stage shed is installed in the house, and a plurality of Asian ginseng cultivation pots described above are placed in the shed so that the side of the germination part of the seedling becomes the outside of the shed. A light source is provided therebetween, a light source control unit for controlling the light source is provided, a temperature control unit for controlling the indoor temperature is provided, and an irrigation amount control unit for controlling the soil moisture content of the Asian ginseng cultivation pot is provided.

In the above-mentioned cultivation system, the Asian ginseng cultivation pot planted in the multi-segment shed is planted in a state in which the germination part side of the Asian ginseng planted here is inclined to the outside of the shed, So when Asian ginseng grows, its leaves will protrude outward from the multi-segment shed. Therefore, the height of each segment can be lowered compared to the case of upright cultivation.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned cultivation system, although the light source provided inside the house is provided between the multi-stage shed and the multi-stage shed, by extending the leaves from the multi-stage shed to the outside, the light can be efficiently irradiated. In addition, when the light source is artificial lighting, it is easy to control the light irradiation direction. Further, a light source may be provided in the shed 2 to 4 sections, preferably 1 degree in the 3 sections. Furthermore, the control unit of the light source may be, for example, that the amount of light (photosynthetic light quantum beam density) and irradiation time can be controlled manually or automatically. Furthermore, although it is necessary to provide a light source in the ceiling portion of each stage in ordinary indoor cultivation, it is not necessary in the above-mentioned cultivation system.

Furthermore, in the said cultivation system, the temperature control part provided for indoor temperature control in a house may be a general air conditioner.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned cultivation system, the irrigation amount control unit for controlling the soil moisture content of the Asian ginseng cultivation pots installed in the house may include, for example, an irrigation system and a soil moisture measurement system. Specifically, a pipe for irrigation and a sensor for measuring soil moisture may be inserted into an Asian ginseng cultivation pot, and the soil moisture content may be controlled by these.

Further, in the cultivation system described above, a humidity control unit for indoor humidity control, a control unit for fertilization, a control unit for carbon dioxide gas concentration, and the like may be further added.

In addition, the above-mentioned control unit may be further connected to a personal computer, a server, or the like for automatic control.

The cultivation method and cultivation system of the present invention described above are for It is very beneficial for the efficient and stable supply of Asian ginseng.

[Example]

The following examples further illustrate the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example 1 Review of cultivation container materials:

The roots of Asian ginseng can cause root rot under conditions of stagnant water and high ground temperature. Here, the most suitable container for cultivation pots which satisfies conditions such as air permeability, excellent drainage, and no increase in ground temperature is selected as follows.

First, non-woven potted plants (AXTAR: root wrap pot black 10A), plastic potted plants (Ron UL120), and plain roasted pots 6 were prepared as candidates for cultivation containers. Next, in this case, the soil for cultivation is prepared by mixing the red jade (small), red jade (medium), and rotten soil at a ratio of 3: 2: 1. This cultivation soil was put into each cultivation container, and water was poured from a sprinkler tank from above to confirm drainage.

As a result, it was confirmed that the non-woven bonsai was drained from the whole surface quickly, and its drainage was very good. Compared with plastic pots, it has excellent air permeability, drainage, and water retention. In addition, it has superior air permeability compared to the plain roasted 6-in-one pot, and is cheaper and lighter, so it has good workability.

On the other hand, after the above-mentioned cultivation soil was stuffed into each cultivation container, it was investigated in the middle of summer under shading conditions (light-shielding rates of 70% and 90%). Ground temperature rise. July 27 is measured at 13:30, July 31 and August 2 are thermometers installed in non-woven pots and plastic pots to measure records every one hour to obtain data on the highest, lowest and average temperatures. .

As a result, the ground temperature of the non-woven potted plant, plastic potted plant, and plain roasted pot No. 6 were 29.3 ° C and 34.8 ° C in the place where the shading rate was about 70% at 13:30 on July 27, 2012 (Friday). , 35.0 ℃, non-woven pot and plastic pot, plain roasted No. 6 pot, the ground temperature is 5.5 ~ 5.7 ℃ lower. And, on July 31, compared with plastic pots, the ground temperature of non-woven pots under the condition of 70% shading rate was -8.3 ° C, the minimum temperature was -4.7 ° C, and the average temperature was -8.7 ° C. Further, on August 2nd, compared with plastic pots, the ground temperature of non-woven pots under the condition of 90% shading rate was -6.4 ° C, the minimum temperature was + 1.1 ° C, and the average temperature was -2 ° C.

Obtained from these results, the non-woven pot is superior in drainage from up, down, left and right, and the ground temperature is lowered by 6-8 ° C than the plain roasted pot and plastic pot. Non-woven cloth pot (root wrap pot black).

Example 2 Indoor cultivation test

15cm×34cm)相同不織布的傾斜種植用栽培盆栽(短邊12cm×長邊34cm×高度13cm)， 藉由下述的栽培條件進行了屋內栽培。 Use a commercially available upright cultivation pot (AXTARroot wrap pot black 10A) made of non-woven fabric

15cm × 34cm) The same non-woven oblique planting cultivation pot (12cm short × 34cm long × 13cm high) was grown indoors under the following cultivation conditions.

Asian ginseng seedlings are two-year-old seedlings from Nagano Prefecture. They are planted upright in soil that is not covered by germination in upright cultivation pots. In cultivation pots for oblique planting, soil is not covered with germination and the seedlings Plant the seedlings at an angle of approximately 45 °. In addition, for comparison, the same seedlings were used, and the conventional open-field cultivation was performed in a paddy field outside the house.

In addition, the topdressing is to make all organic gums (made by Katakura Chikkarin 3 times) after 14 days, 42 days, and 64 days after germination; nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 4: 3: 3; plant-based fertilizer: animal material fertilizer = 8: 2; Leak viscosity: 15-20) For each plant, 2mL, 3mL, and 3mL are put into the root circumference (injected from a pipe-shaped device at a place about 5cm away from the root tip) (a treatment group without topdressing is also provided).

<Condition setting during indoor cultivation>

Temperature: Use an air conditioner and set it to around 20 ° C

Humidity: 70 ~ 80%

Light: Fluorescent lamp for plant breeding (FL40SFRP made by Panasonic)

Day length: 14 hours during the bright period and 10 hours during the dark period

Soil: Red Jade Soil (Medium): Red Jade Soil (Small): Rotten Leaf Soil = 2: 3: 1

Used seedlings: 2 years old seedlings from Nagano Prefecture

From this cultivation, Asian ginseng is all developed, but open-ground growers have spot disease from June because its spread worsens development. In this regard, the indoor growers have a very high incidence of diseases such as upright and oblique planting. slight.

Moreover, in the non-treated group, the yellowing of the leaves started after 82 days of germination, but such a phenomenon was not found when the fertilizer was applied, and thus the colloidal fertilizer was effective. In addition, in the case of upright cultivation pots, it is not possible to effectively put gelatinous fertilizer in the root circumference, and there are also people who stay around the main root, and the phenomenon of root decay is also recognized.

Example 3 Comparison of tilt cultivation and upright cultivation

Foliar spray G-HELPER (made by Musashino Seedling Garden; 100% seaweed extract (N: 0.10%, P: 0.20%, K: 1.02%, Ca: 0.11%), Ca: 0.11% (Na: 0.13%, Mg: 0.01%, Cu: 16ppm, Zn: 19ppm, Fe: 256ppm, Mn: 13ppm)) several times, oblique planting (A) and upright planting (B ) Asian 2-year-old seedlings were cultivated. The roots were dug out about 100 days after the shoots withered from the ground. The difference in weight when the seedlings were planted was compared. The results are shown in Figure 1.

From this result, it can be seen that, as a result of the cultivation test of the present invention, by the oblique planting cultivation of the present invention, the root weight increased by an average of 6.6 g. For this reason, the root weight in the upright planting cultivation only increased by 3.57 g. In this way, it was confirmed in the oblique planting that the root weight increased by about 1.85 times compared to the upright planting.

Example 4 Cultivation trials by indoor cultivation systems

In the house that can be controlled by the temperature and humidity of the air conditioner, a plurality of sheds with a width of 60 cm with a shed interval of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 36 cm are arranged in parallel. Non-woven cultivation pot for oblique planting used in Example 2, the cultivation soil was placed to a depth of 10 to 12 cm, and the 2-year-old seedlings (5 to 20 g) of Asian ginseng were measured. After the weight was measured, the shaft was changed to a horizontal plane. 15 ~ 30 °, plant it obliquely, so that the germination part protrudes upward, and cover it with soil for cultivation, and transplant Asian ginseng seedlings. The cross-sectional view of the cultivation pot after transplanting this seedling is shown in FIG. 2. Moreover, a light source is provided in the center of the passage portion between the multi-segment sheds, and the main irradiation direction of the light from the light source is downward. The schematic diagram of the indoor cultivation system is shown in FIG. 3. Using this indoor cultivation system, Asian ginseng seedlings were cultivated under the following conditions.

<Cultivation conditions>

Temperature: Use an air conditioner to set the average annual temperature to about 20 ° C (about 25 ° C in summer and below 10 ° C in winter)

Humidity: 70 ~ 80%

Light source: Red LED (surface-mounted 1W red high-power LED light emitting wavelength 660nm peak) and blue LED (surface-mounted 1W blue high-power LED light emitting wavelength 470nm peak), from red LED: blue LED7 : 3 settings

Day length: 8 hours in the light period and 4 hours in the dark period

Soil: Red Jade Soil (Medium): Red Jade Soil (Small): Rotten Leaf Soil = 2: 3: 1

Use seedlings: domestic or foreign Asian ginseng 2-year or 3-year seedlings

In addition, the cultivation pot after transplanting the seedlings is extended so that the upper part of the ground is extended toward the outside of the shed, and the sprout is placed on the multi-stage shed as the outside, so that the irrigation part of the automatic irrigation device contacts the side of the pot. Irrigation amount soil moisture content was adjusted so that it might become the range of Table 1. The soil moisture content was measured by using a TDR soil moisture meter (TDR-251A: manufactured by Nakamura), and the measurement was performed by inserting the stem portion of the soil moisture sensor into the measurement soil to the root after 1 to 2 hours of irrigation. The measurement is performed once at one place, and the measured value is obtained, and the volumetric water content is obtained from the conversion table.

And, about 4 months after the germination, each leaflet above the ground of each body was measured with a light quantum quantity measuring device (SE-MQ200: manufactured by Apogee Instruments), and the average value of each individual was obtained.

Further, the topdressing during cultivation is to put 5mL of all organic gum into the root circumference of each plant 30 days after germination (from the root tip down to a place about 3cm away and inject using a syringe), and 1 to 2 after germination When the leaves after the month were fully expanded, the leaf surface spraying agent G-HELPER was spread on the surface of the leaves above the ground. About 7 months after the start of cultivation, the dead shoots above the ground were excavated, and the weight of the ground was measured. The fat mass (g) of each individual was calculated from the difference between the weight of the mass of the ground and the weight of the mass at the time of planting the seedlings, and the average fat mass of the individual was calculated. Table 1 shows the correlation between the photosynthetic optical quantum beam density (PPFD) and the soil moisture content of the average fat mass (g) of Asian ginseng seedlings.

The results of this cultivation test found that by setting the photo-synthesized optical quantum beam density (PPFD) to 12 ~ 24 μmolm ^-2 s ^-1 or setting the water content after irrigation to 8% or more, preferably 8 to 20% The amount of fertilizer in the ground will be more. In addition, when both the photo-synthesized optical quantum beam density and the water content are in the above-mentioned ranges, it is further found that the amount of fertilizer in the subsurface is larger.

Example 5 Continue cultivation test:

The germination rate was compared between those who had been cultivated for one year by the method of Example 4 and those who maintained the temperature of 5 ° C. or lower for 30 days during the winter season and those who maintained the temperature for 90 days.

As a result, the germination rate was less than 5% for those who maintained a low temperature for 30 days, but germination was more than 80% for those who maintained a low temperature for 90 days, and the cultivation efficiency for the following year could be continued well.

[Industrial availability]

According to the above-mentioned cultivation method and cultivation system of the present invention, the Asian ginseng seedlings are planted obliquely in the length direction of the cultivation pot, and the germinated part of the Asian ginseng seedlings is further directed toward the outside of the shed. By placing the cultivation pot in the side way, the number of sections in the shed can be about 3 to 5 more than that of a normal upright cultivation pot. In addition, by planting it obliquely, the weight of the root portion is further increased, and it is possible to cultivate efficiently. Furthermore, because the multi-segment shed is used, the land can be effectively used, and it can be cultivated at several times higher density than the open field planting of the same area.

As described above, according to the cultivation method and the cultivation system of the present invention, Asian ginseng can be cultivated stably and efficiently, so that it can be used as a stable supply means of Asian ginseng used as a crude drug, which is very advantageous for the production of traditional Chinese medicine.

Claims (13)

A method for cultivating Asian ginseng, which is characterized in that a plurality of non-woven pot plants are prepared. One is relatively long when viewed in plan, and the other is relatively short. It has an opening in the upper part and each uses soil for cultivation. The ginseng seedlings were placed in a tilted state, and the ginseng seedlings were individually planted in the length direction of the pot, and the germination part side of the seedlings was placed outside in a multi-stage shed. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in the scope of patent application No. 1 is performed indoors. According to the method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application, when cultivating Asian ginseng, the leaves of Asian ginseng are irradiated with light for more than 4 hours per day, and the average photo-synthesis quantum density is 12 ~ 24μmolm ^-2 s ^-1 . The method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in claim 3, wherein a light source composed of a red LED and a blue LED irradiates light. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in the first or second aspect of the patent application, wherein the Asian ginseng is irrigated such that the moisture content of the soil for cultivation after irrigation is 8% or more. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng according to item 1 or 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the cultivation soil is a mixture of soil base material and base fertilizer from a mass ratio of 10: 1 to 1: 1. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in the first or second aspect of the patent application scope, wherein the axis of the ginseng is set to 10 ° to 45 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, and the Asian ginseng seedlings are grown. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng according to item 1 or 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the interval in the height direction of the multi-stage shed is 25 to 50 cm. The method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in the scope of claims 1 or 2, wherein the semi-solid or gel-like fertilizer containing both plant matter and animal matter is applied to the root apex side 1 to 3 times / year. . The method of cultivating Asian ginseng according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein a liquid fertilizer containing at least magnesium and calcium is used as an inorganic component for 1-3 times per year for foliar dispersion. The method for cultivating Asian ginseng as described in the scope of claims 1 or 2, wherein the non-woven potted plant is made of polylactic acid, cellulose or polyester. According to the method of cultivating Asian ginseng as described in item 1 or 2 of the patent application scope, the temperature of the Asian ginseng is maintained at 23 to 28 ° C for 30 to 60 days, and the temperature is maintained at 23 to 28 ° C. Maintain the temperature at 10 ~ 20 ℃. If the ground part of Asian ginseng is dead, keep the temperature at -3 ~ 5 ℃ for 60 ~ 100 days from then, keep the temperature at 10 ~ 20 until the ground part of Asian ginseng is re-formed. ℃. An indoor cultivation system of Asian ginseng, which is characterized in that a plurality of Asian ginseng cultivation pots are placed in a multi-segment shed installed in the house, and the cultivation soil is put in, and one side is relatively long when viewed from the plane. , The other is a relatively short shape, with an open non-woven pot plant on the upper part, and the Asian ginseng seedlings are individually planted with their axes tilted in the length direction of the pot, The germination part side becomes the outer side of the shed. A light source is provided between the multi-stage shed and the multi-stage shed. A light source control unit for controlling the light source is provided. A temperature control unit for indoor temperature control is provided. Irrigation volume control unit for controlling soil moisture content in ginseng cultivation pots.