CN1366805A - Root-enjoying plant ginseng water culture method - Google Patents
Root-enjoying plant ginseng water culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1366805A CN1366805A CN01136513A CN01136513A CN1366805A CN 1366805 A CN1366805 A CN 1366805A CN 01136513 A CN01136513 A CN 01136513A CN 01136513 A CN01136513 A CN 01136513A CN 1366805 A CN1366805 A CN 1366805A
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Abstract
The present invention adopts deep fluid flow (DFT) method, and uses a glass container as fluid bottle, develops the formula of nutrient liquor suitable for ginseng growth requirements and management method for resisting high temp., supplementing oxygen gas and preventing strong light so as to make ginseng plant and root system obtained good growth, and make ginseng, become an ornamental plant, ordinarily its leaf and root can be enjoyed, and its fruit can be enjoyed in aulumn. Said invented ornamental ginseng plant is suitable for indoor cultivation.
Description
The present invention is a kind of method of root-enjoying plant ginseng water culture.
Genseng is perennial perennial plant, belongs to Araliaceae (Araliaceae), is long-day heliophobous plant class.Be the famous valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine in the world, the traditional Chinese medical science is classified it as first of the tonic, and its pharmacological action and health care, therapeutic efficiency are generally acknowledged by common people.But its root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and upgrowth situation, except that the ginseng farming and the masses, relevant medicine company personage saw on every side, most people can only admire its name, and back root system dry product is concocted in the just processing of seeing, and is on the spot in person for no reason at all.Be grown in the genseng in the ginseng garden, though its blade is few, firefly is green tempting; Yellowish green flower is dull, but its fruit is umbrella shape, and is scarlet gorgeous, very is lovely; Especially its root light yellow complexion and pure, normal like humanoid and gain the name.If can cultivate as medical flower, view and admire its leaf, its fruit, particularly its root, if can make it become root-enjoying plant, can become the rising star of a uniqueness in the flowers family surely, bring high-level spiritual enjoyment to people, for life increases new enjoyment.
Purpose of the present invention: current flowers market, can be divided into and see flower, see leaf and see fruit three classes, little root-enjoying plant comes out.For this reason, we adopt dark liquid stream (DFT) method through experimental study with famous and precious genseng, carry out water planting, and make the liquid bottle with glass container, make people can see its leaf, its fruit, more can enjoy rare root development state.Have simultaneously that genseng plant and root development are good, pollution-free, damage by disease and insect is few, save liquid manure and manpower, simple, the convenient in carrying of management; Guarantee advantages such as furnishings clean environment and health.Should plant the narrow problem in zone to solve genseng, be suitable for domestic and international various places indoor growing.Now, be dedicated to society with the ginseng water culture method of novel and unique famous and precious medicinal and root-enjoying plant.
Technical scheme of the present invention and technological process: according to state scientific workers such as China and Japan, Korea S, Russia, and the result of study that I learn feature, biological property, dissection, physiology and biochemistry, cultivation etc. to panax ginseng plant confirms: genseng is the long-day heliophobous plant, the property happiness humid climate that cools, cold-resistant, the happiness scattered light, avoid high temperature and high light, very strong to the selectivity of soil.If make its water planting success, need on its ecological condition, must take corresponding technical measures.Division is as follows:
The Moisture Physiological Characteristics of genseng is that during the cultivation of protection ground, soil relative water content 80% is best.Excess moisture, soil ponding can be rotted root; Water deficient can be burnt fibrous root.Ciltivating process can fully satisfy the needs of root system to moisture, has again to reduce soil resistance suffered when soil cultivation root growth is arranged, and can extend as soon as possible.
Genseng is not high to the requirement of temperature, and the preference temperature of each growthdevelopmental stage is 15～25 ℃; But non-refractory, the growth above 30 ℃ is suppressed, and more than 34 ℃ and under the high light, blade can be wilted or be withered and yellow.The gentle liquid temperature in essential for this reason control room is controlled at room temperature below 28 ℃.Adopt dark liquid flow method,, help keeping and reduction liquid temperature, and can take the corresponding measures such as ventilation, electric fan, air-conditioning of windowing because the thermal conductivity factor of water is big.
Genseng is avoided high light, learns from botanical character, and the stoma number of its blade unit are is few, does not have tangible palisade tissue, and mesophyll cell is sparse etc.; On physiology and the biochemistry, the carotenoid content of leaf portion increases and reduces rapidly with intensity of illumination, so chlorophyll is destroyed under the high light, blade is withered and yellow.Test shows that the suitable intensity of illumination of genseng is 9-12KLex, and light saturation point is between 15-25KLex, so should definitely avoid strong illumination, this is promptly toward there being the people to test the one of the main reasons of potted plant genseng failure.The water planting genseng is display in room scattering light or low light level place, just this type of problem can not occurred.For avoiding the harmful effect of illumination, manufacture one deck black cloth that have various smart case patterns to the bottle bottom by Fig. 3 from bottleneck and cover glass container, with lucifuge to root system and nutrient solution.Take when seeing root, cover closes at ordinary times.
The root system oxygen demand of genseng is the 4.0-5.0 mg/litre in the time of 15～20 ℃.If soil ponding during the soil moisture content supersaturation, is discharged the oxygen in the soil layer, root system is in smother because of anoxic, and the top cauline leaf is withered therefrom dead to end, and root system also can rot simultaneously.Moisture is harmless to root system, sees mainly whether dissolved oxygen amount can satisfy the demand of root system, so the height of the dissolved oxygen amount in the nutrient solution is another key of water planting genseng success or failure.At this problem, following four kinds of technical measures have been adopted, to help solution.At first be crab rooting oxygenation method, promptly the nutrition liquid level leaves 6-10 centimetre space between field planting plate (bottle mouth position), the ginseng portion of fastening is exposed in the air in this space, in the root system, in the bottom immersion nutrient solution.When root system top is in the saturated air of relative air humidity, can form a lot of root hairs, these root hairs can directly absorb oxygen from air, to satisfy the demand of root system to oxygen.Next is a liquid temperature control method for making, and liquid temperature and dissolved oxygen amount are inversely proportional to usually, and promptly solution temperature is high more, and the dissolved oxygen amount in the nutrient solution is low more.Add genseng and avoid high temperature,, the highlyest be no more than 28 ℃ so room temperature should be controlled at 15～25 ℃, with keep and the liquid that has additional nutrients in dissolved oxygen amount.Be the ventilation hole of on the field planting plate, reserving 1.5 centimetres of 4 diameters once more, so that the bottleneck gap is supplemented with air constantly.When if anoxic is serious, standby little small hose can be inserted in the nutrient solution in the hole thus, connect little flexible pipe upper end with standby rubber bulb again, in nutrient solution, inflate, with the oxygen in the extra-nutrition liquid.Be when in the discovery nutrition foreign material and impurity being arranged, in time remove at last,, consume the oxygen in the nutrient solution to reduce in the microbial decomposition process with the bamboo strainer of standby fine mesh.Owing to taked abovementioned technology, the aerobic problem of ginseng water culture can be resolved substantially.
The crucial ecological condition of another of ginseng water culture is the preparation of nutrient solution.The at first regulation of fertilizer requirement of GPRS genseng, especially nutrient uptake feature, promptly what part identical and inequality people's need fertilizer of participating in other plant has.Only so, just can make the prescription of nutrient solution be suitable for growing of genseng, and grow fine; If only use general nutrient solution prescription, be certain to influence its normal fertility, even be difficult to survive.Studies show that, genseng is given birth to required a large amount of and trace element more than 30 kinds, and carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulphur, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, chlorine, zinc, barium, strontium, manganese, boron, titanium, copper, chromium, arsenic, tin, lead, nickel, alum, lithium, molybdenum, cobalt, lanthanum, gadolinium etc. are arranged.Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are the main components that constitutes organic substance, account for 95% of the total plant corpus composition of genseng; Other element accounts for 5%, and wherein potassium, calcium content are the highest, and sulphur, nitrogen, zinc, magnesium take second place, and phosphorus, sodium, iron, molybdenum, aluminium take second place again, and manganese, content of strontium are less, boron, copper, Ti content still less, all the other elements then content are very little.At the above-mentioned nutrient uptake feature of genseng, the prescription of nutrient solution of ginseng is to keep nutrient solution concentration about 1800-2500mg/L (same under the unit), and nitre attitude N is that 224-280, ammonium attitude N are that 8-16, potassium are 312-390, calcium 320-380, sulphur 64-320, phosphorus 40-80, magnesium 36-60; Iron is 5-8, zinc 0.5-1.0, manganese 0.5-0.8, boron 0.4-0.6, molybdenum 0.04-0.08, copper 0.02-0.04.
The concentration of nutrient solution is measured electrical conductivity (EC) expression with conductivity gauge, should remain on 1.6-2.6 milli Siemens/cm (ms/cm); Represent with the nutrient solution gross weight, should be at the 1.8-2.5 grams per liter.Packing, transportation and user's operation are convenient in commercialization for the benefit of, nutrient solution is made concentrated 150-200 concentrated mother liquor doubly, make its pH value＜3, make ion concentration stable, be difficult for changing, prolonged the service time of nutrient solution, nutrient solution only need replenish at ordinary times, has reduced the replacing number of times.Later respectively change one time of nutrition liquid with flowering stage around the Spring Festival and get final product every year.Matching while using.Before the glass container perfusion and changing nutrient solution, need to carry out disinfection everywhere in the container with 0.02～0.04% liquor potassic permanganate.
The suitable acid-base value of genseng is pH value 5.0-6.5.If variation is too big up and down, existence and validity with the various nutrients of influence also influence the absorption and the metabolic function of root system, even can produce single salt murder by poisoning.For this reason, measured the acid-base value of one time of nutrition liquid in every month with standby precision test paper.Partially be adjusted to suitable value with standby sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid during alkali; Meta-acid is then with standby sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide adjustment.
Requirement according to technique scheme, its technological process is: the glass container of using by the dark liquid flow method of the customized genseng of Fig. 2 requirement → undertaken by the prescription preparation and the adjustment → selected stalwartness of nutrient solution, genseng offspring when the life in 3 years of no damage by disease and insect or the transplanting of life in 4 years, reserve field planting hole to insert the field planting plate after the sterile water wash, rhizome (reed head) is sentenced soft rubber case and is fixed in mark line 1 place of field planting plate top → perfusion nutrient solution on glass container → carry out daily management, observe bearing status and temperature, light, pH value, the nutrition level change, whether anoxic waits, and time control respectively changes one time of nutrition liquid → according to bearing status after flowering stage with reaching around the Spring Festival adjustments → every year, late autumn collecting fruit or go into the winter and cut cauline leaf.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention:, determine the shape and the specification of glass container according to genseng root system common length and distribution.By the tailor-made special vial of the requirement of Fig. 2, for the usefulness of seeing root.It highly is 25-35cm, and width maximum diameter is 22-28cm, and bottleneck diameter is 10-12cm, and bottleneck length is 5-6cm.Carry out disinfection with the 0.02-0.04% liquor potassic permanganate before using.
By in the technical scheme fixed ginseng nutrient formula of liquid, with concentrated mother liquor preparation nutrient solution, and carry out the pH value adjustment; Inject vial, liquid level makes bottleneck to the space length in the space of liquid level remain on 6-10cm to markings 1 place, and promptly the liquid layer degree of depth reaches 19-24cm.
Life in 3 years of selected stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect or the genseng offspring of giving birth to when transplanting in 4 years are cleaned with sterile water, the field planting hole of its rhizome (reed head) by field planting plate center passed, and be fixed in above the field planting plate with soft rubber sleeve.The field planting plate is the foamed plastics (see figure 4), and its diameter is 10.5cm, thickness 3cm, and heart place in garden opens the field planting fixing hole of a diameter 1.5cm; Radius is evenly reserved the ventilation hole of 4 diameter 1.5cm.
Daily management: avoid high light, the ginseng water culture bottle is display in room scattering light or low light level place.For avoiding the harmful effect of illumination to root system and nutrient solution, the thick cloth of black that the vial external application is painted with various exquisite patterns from the bottleneck cover to the bottle bottom.Its specification is seen Fig. 3, and the cloth height is 20-30cm, and cloth is wide to be 68-86cm, and bottleneck suspension place cloth is wide to be 33-35cm, is connected on the bottleneck fixing with velcro (Fig. 3).Take when seeing root, cover closes at ordinary times.
For making the liquid temperature control, control the room temperature of hot summer below 28 ℃ with the ventilation of windowing, electric fan or air-conditioning at 15～25 ℃; In addition, the liquid layer of dark liquid flow method is dark, and the thermal conductivity factor of water is big, and it is excessive all can to alleviate the variation of liquid temperature, can control the liquid temperature rise effectively.
Another key measure of water planting genseng success or failure is the dissolved oxygen amount that keeps and improve nutrient solution of ginseng.For this reason, 4 ventilation holes on the field planting plate, have been reserved; To note making liquid level can not surpass markings 1 place on the vial simultaneously, keeping from bottleneck to markings 1 space that the 6-10cm height can be arranged, thus the effect of performance crab rooting oxygenation method.In case when finding that nutrient solution has the severe depletion of oxygen sign, immediately standby small hose is gone in the nutrient solution from the ventilation hole interpolation, upper end and standby rubber bulb join, and inflate oxygenating, get final product in lasting 5～10 minutes.When finding in the nutrient solution impurity or foreign material to be arranged, in time remove with standby fine mesh bamboo strainer.
Every month is with standby precision test paper, measures the acid-base value of one time of nutrition liquid, when surpassing the suitable pH value scope of genseng, adjusts with standby acid or alkali, makes its pH value remain on 5.0-6.5.
When nutrient solution consumption, make liquid level reduce to markings 2 and sentence following time, in time open the field planting plate, keep the skin wet to markings 2 places, can't be supplemented to markings 1 place, in order to avoid influence the concentration of nutrient solution.
The water planting genseng can reach more than 10 years vegetative period.Every year around the Spring Festival with flowering stage after, and be adjusted to nutrient solution with the preparation of standby concentrated mother liquor, carry out the replacing of secondary nutrient solution.Before the replacing, outwell an original solution in the bottle, and with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.02-0.04% to carrying out disinfection everywhere in the bottle.
Annual late autumn can gather during the genseng fruit maturation; According to the cauline leaf bearing status, also can when going into the winter, cut cauline leaf, make tonic medicated food.
Effect of the present invention: owing to adopt dark liquid stream (DFT) method water planting genseng, the growing way of its root system and cauline leaf is better than the cultivation of protection ground, thereby famous and precious genseng is entered the ranks of medical flower, has increased the kind of a novelty for the flowers market; Again culture fluid is stored in the glass container, made people can directly watch the U.S. appearance of genseng root system, become unique root-enjoying plant.Promptly leaf can be seen at ordinary times, more root can be seen; Annual fruiting period still can be viewed and admired red gorgeous Fruit of Panax ginseng, thereby has satisfied onlooker's curiosity, obtains graceful enjoyment, increases delight of life.Can reach more than 10 years vegetative period.
Gather the genseng fruit late autumn, go into the winter and also can cut cauline leaf, itself and meat are cooked jointly, make high-grade tonic medicated food.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a schematic diagram, expression genseng plant and the state of root growth in glass container.
Claims (6)
1, the present invention is a kind of method of root-enjoying plant ginseng water culture.It is characterized in that: adopt dark liquid stream (DFT) method, with glass container water planting genseng.According to the regulation of fertilizer requirement and the nutrient uptake feature of genseng, make the nutrient solution prescription that is suitable for the genseng fertility.The dissolved oxygen amount that keeps and improve nutrient solution of ginseng with crab rooting oxygenation method, liquid temperature control method for making, removal of contamination and foreign material method, ventilation oxygenating method etc.Root development is beneficial to the sight root in the nutrient solution of special glass bottle; Cover at ordinary times with the thick cloth of black that is painted with pattern with shading.In the daily management, take to avoid accordingly high light, the gentle liquid level of control liquid, adjusted pH value, fluid infusion and changed technical measures such as liquid.
2, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that:, reserve the ventilation hole of 4 diameter 1.5cm in field planting plate radius for keeping and improve the dissolved oxygen amount of nutrient solution; Nutrient solution is in markings 1 and 2 places on the vial, makes the space that maintains 6-10cm length between itself and the bottleneck, to realize the effect of crab rooting oxygenation method; The nutrient solution layer depth is 19-24cm, with the stabilizing solution temperature, thereby is beneficial to keeping of dissolved oxygen amount; In time remove impurity and foreign material in the nutrient solution, prevent the oxygen consumption of microorganism; Before the severe depletion of oxygen sign,, in nutrient solution, inflate oxygenating with standby small hose and rubber bulb.
3, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement and the nutrient uptake feature of genseng, preparation and the prescription that adjusts nutrient solution, keep nutrient solution concentration about 1800-2500mg/L (same under the unit), nitre attitude N is that 224-280, ammonium attitude N are that 8-16, potassium are 312-390, calcium 320-380, sulphur 64-320, phosphorus 40-80, magnesium 36-60; Iron is 5-8, zinc 0.5-1.0, manganese 0.5-0.8, boron 0.4-0.6, molybdenum 0.04-0.08, copper 0.02-0.04.For ease of packing, transportation, operation, with the concentrated mother liquor of its simmer down to 150-200 nutrient solution of ginseng doubly.
4, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that:, adopt special vial for reaching the purpose of viewing and admiring the genseng root system, it highly is 25-35cm, width maximum diameter is 22-28cm, and bottleneck diameter is 10-12cm, and bottleneck length is the 5-6cm (see figure 2).For avoiding the harmful effect of illumination to root system and nutrient solution, vial is covered with the thick cloth shading of black, the cloth height is 20-30cm, cloth is wide to be 68-86cm, bottleneck suspension place cloth is wide to be 33-35cm, connects with velcro and is fixed in bottleneck, makes cover reach the bottle bottom by bottleneck, take cover when seeing root, cover closes (see figure 3) at ordinary times.
5, according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that: the field planting plate is a foamed plastics, and its diameter is 10.5cm, and thickness is 3.0cm; Its heart place, garden opens the field planting fixing hole of a 1.5cm, with soft rubber sleeve fixedly ginseng roots on the field planting plate, (see Fig. 1 and 4).
6, according to the method for claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: the ginseng water culture bottle is display in room scattering light or low light level place.Room temperature is controlled at below 28 ℃.Every year around the Spring Festival with flowering stage after, with standby concentrated mother liquor preparation nutrient solution, respectively change liquid once.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103153039A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-06-12 | 株式会社津村 | Panax ginseng camey cultivation method |
| CN103371046A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-30 | 邓远忠 | Wild ginseng soil-covering collecting and cultivating method |
| CN103373869A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-30 | 福建永耕农业开发有限公司 | Preparation method of nutrient solution for inducing aeration tissues of hydroponics flowers |
| CN103911239A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2014-07-09 | 赵伟雄 | Nutritional water-planted ginseng wine and its preparation method |
| WO2015093607A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所 | Method for cultivating araliaceae medicinal plants |
| CN105948861A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-21 | 云南农业大学 | Nutrient solution for water culture of pseudo-ginseng and water culture method |
| CN107593410A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | A kind of ciltivating process of ginseng-leaf |
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2001
- 2001-10-15 CN CN01136513A patent/CN1366805A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103153039A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-06-12 | 株式会社津村 | Panax ginseng camey cultivation method |
| TWI475953B (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2015-03-11 | Tsumura & Co | Ginseng cultivation method |
| CN103153039B (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2015-08-12 | 株式会社津村 | The cultivation method of ginseng |
| CN103373869A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-30 | 福建永耕农业开发有限公司 | Preparation method of nutrient solution for inducing aeration tissues of hydroponics flowers |
| CN103911239A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2014-07-09 | 赵伟雄 | Nutritional water-planted ginseng wine and its preparation method |
| CN103371046A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-30 | 邓远忠 | Wild ginseng soil-covering collecting and cultivating method |
| CN103371046B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-01-21 | 邓远忠 | Wild ginseng soil-covering collecting and cultivating method |
| WO2015093607A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | 独立行政法人医薬基盤研究所 | Method for cultivating araliaceae medicinal plants |
| JPWO2015093607A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-03-23 | 国立研究開発法人医薬基盤・健康・栄養研究所 | Cultivation method of medicinal plants |
| CN105948861A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-21 | 云南农业大学 | Nutrient solution for water culture of pseudo-ginseng and water culture method |
| CN105948861B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2020-02-18 | 云南农业大学 | Panax notoginseng water culture nutrient solution and water culture method |
| CN107593410A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | A kind of ciltivating process of ginseng-leaf |
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