CN103011948A - Selenium-rich additive for anti-season field-cultivated mushroom and application thereof - Google Patents
Selenium-rich additive for anti-season field-cultivated mushroom and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103011948A CN103011948A CN2012104720182A CN201210472018A CN103011948A CN 103011948 A CN103011948 A CN 103011948A CN 2012104720182 A CN2012104720182 A CN 2012104720182A CN 201210472018 A CN201210472018 A CN 201210472018A CN 103011948 A CN103011948 A CN 103011948A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a selenium-rich additive for anti-season field-cultivated mushroom and an application thereof. The additive is prepared by taking sawdust of 20-40 meshes as an adsorbent and active carbon of 40-60 meshes as a sustained-release agent in combination with sodium selenite and zinc sulfate, and the preparation comprises the following steps of: preparing sodium selenite and zinc sulfate into an aqueous solution; uniformly mixing and stirring the uniformly-mixed sawdust and active carbon with the selenium solution; and stacking for 1.5-2 hours, and naturally drying. The selenium-rich additives accounting for 0.8-1% and 1.5-2.5% of the drier weight respectively are added into the compost and cultivation material of the second-level and third-level strains of mushroom. Through the invention, the needs for selenium element in the whole growth period of anti-season field-cultivated mushroom can be met, and the mushroom can fruit in May to November; the solid additive is slowly-released and long-acting, has good dispersibility, can be easily mixed with the solid compost of edible mushroom, and can promote mycelial growth, reduce stem rot and improve the stress resistance and output of the mushroom; and by adopting the additive, the cultivation time in a cultivation bag is shortened by 4 days in average, the squaring time is shortened by 2 days in average, the selenium content in the fruiting body is over 10 times that of the control group, the biological conversion rate is improved by 11.4%, and the rate of high-quality mushroom is 5.9% higher than that of the control group.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selenium-enriched edible mushroom additive technology field, particularly a kind of ground cultivation of anti-season additive rich in selenium and application thereof for mushroom.
Background technology
Take mushroom as carrier, by mycelial, absorb, inorganic selenium is converted into to organoselenium, the recent years development that makes it to become Selenium-enriched health food is very fast, the cultivation technique of edible mushrooms mushroom also is gradually improved, but ground planted rich selenium fresh mushroom and but can not go on the market in summer anti-season, therefore effectively solve the important topic that problem that summer high temperature do not produce rich selenium fresh goods mushroom season becomes research and development.In mushroom and culture medium of edible fungus blending process, be all first the solid state cultivation material to be mixed, then additive is made into to the aqueous solution at present, add with water after the blended solid raw material.In published patent documentation, the selenium additive all adds with aqueous solution state, as No. 200810010300.2 applications, selenium-rich mushroom strain Domestication and cultivation method, the method is by Sodium Selenite and organic selenium fertilizer preparation, take mushroom as carrier, absorb by mycelial, making the selenium cycling of elements is organoselenium; In selenium-rich mushroom strain domestication process, at first the applied amount of bacterial classification selenium elements at different levels is increased step by step, the selenium element is with Sodium Selenite NA
2sEO
3the form of salt is added, and when selenium-rich mushroom strain is cultivated, adds appropriate selenium element in substratum again, and the selenium element adds with the form of organic selenium fertilizer; Application number 200610049150.7, the selenium-enriched edible mushroom additive, contain the trace elements such as selenium, germanium, potassium in this additive, be to be formed by Sodium Selenite, germanium dioxide, potassium primary phosphate and water mixed preparing.Application number 201010197137.2, the cultivating method of Se-rich xianggu, on the basis of at present known various mushroom culture medium sacked material formulas and cultivation management, as long as when the substratum spice, add in addition the selenium salt brine solution, the concentration of the selenium salt of feeding by the control culture medium bag, thereby control and take the selenium content of the mushroom that this substratum is nutrient, above-mentioned selenium additive all is made into the aqueous solution and adds, add amount of solution entirely to grasp by rule of thumb the humidity of spice, the common so also bad operation that is difficult for stirring simultaneously, and the inconsistent additive addition that easily causes of every batch of material add-on has difference, cause additive component skewness in culture material, can not meet the demand to the selenium element in mushroom whole vegetative period, the mushroom selenium content can not be stabilized in the quality that affects mushroom culture in the scope of expectation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the many defects that exist for prior art, propose a kind of easy to use, dosage and be easy to control, slow release long-acting, the stable ground of anti-season of mushroom selenium content and plant the application method of mushroom with additive rich in selenium and this additive thereof.
The present invention is according to ground cultivation of anti-season mushroom cultivation characteristics, utilize sawdust and gac nutrition and the growing carrier as edible mushrooms, their intrinsic spaces are beneficial to the gaseous interchange of mycelial growth, and improve permeability and the water-retentivity of culture material, reduce rotten rod, reduce the loss, be more suitable for mushroom growth, make the pasania fungus selenium-rich steady quality.The present invention realizes in the following manner:
The present invention realizes in the following manner:
A kind of anti-season, ground planted the mushroom additive rich in selenium, and it is characterized in that: described additive rich in selenium is solid, and this additive proportioning of each component by weight is:
20-40 purpose sawdust sorbent material 80 ~ 90kg,
40 ~ 60 purpose gac sustained release dosage 10 ~ 20kg,
99% Sodium Selenite 0.15 ~ 0.20 kg,
98% zinc sulfate 0.20 ~ 0.30 kg;
Prepared by this additive: in advance sawdust and gac are mixed by the following method, Sodium Selenite, zinc sulfate are dissolved in respectively in 40 ~ 50 kg water again, after dissolving, mix, again this mixed solution is joined in sawdust and gac and stirs, vexed the putting 1.5 ~ 2 hours of poly-heap, spread seasoning out and make the solid additive rich in selenium.
The present invention ground of anti-season plants mushroom and with the application method of additive rich in selenium is: while using additive rich in selenium, add the solid additive rich in selenium by 0.8 ~ 1% of siccative weight in mushroom two, three-class strain culture material, add the solid additive rich in selenium by 1.5 ~ 2.5% of siccative weight in planting material, according to said ratio, rich selenium solid additive is mixed with strain culture-material, planting material.Adopt the method inorganic selenium to be long-acting stable slowly-releasing state in culture material, can supply for a long time mushroom growth.
the present invention compared with prior art has following distinguishing feature:
1, additive of the present invention can meet the selenium element source in the whole process of growth of ground cultivation of anti-season of mushroom, added the mushroom of this additive rich in selenium, can promote mushroom growth to grow, biological action by inorganic selenium by mycelia has changed into human body and has been easy to the organoselenium absorbed, more than Selenium in Mushroom content improves decades of times, zinc sulfate in additive can increase zinc content in mushroom, zinc is the trace element of needed by human, participate in the Metabolic activity of plurality of enzymes, can improve body immunity, improve resistance against diseases, thereby improved the nutritive value of mushroom; And can promote mushroom growth, improve the output of mushroom; This additive utilizes sawdust and gac nutrition and the growing carrier as edible mushrooms, the selenium element is uniformly dispersed, slowly discharge and supply with the whole process of growth of mushroom in culture material, their intrinsic spaces are beneficial to the gaseous interchange of mycelial growth, and improve permeability and the water-retentivity of culture material, reduce rotten rod, make the pasania fungus selenium-rich steady quality.
2, additive of the present invention is solid state, and good dispersity easily mixes with the edible mushrooms solid culture medium, is suitable for mushroom growth; Be all first the solid material to be mixed in the past in the culture medium of edible fungus process for preparation, and additive was made into to the aqueous solution, added with water after the blended solid raw material.And this additive can mix solid material and additive in advance in the edible mushrooms blending process, easy to use, reasonable ratio, do not affected by amount of water, more accurate than adding fluid additive, more convenient operation.
3, use additive of the present invention, ground cultivation of anti-season Lentnus edodes can be from fruiting in 5～November, effectively solved the problem that the northern China summer high temperature does not produce rich selenium fresh goods mushroom season, and the mushroom yield rate is high, be of high nutritive value, quality better, in the fresh mushroom sporophore, selenium content is higher than more than the contrast decades of times; Can improve the resistance of mushroom, improve mushroom production, the mushroom type just, mushroom meat is thick, give off a strong fragrance, remarkable in economical benefits; This solid additive is economic and practical, and long-acting, stable, absorption property is good, and anti-storage is drawn materials conveniently, and large edible bacterium factory culture or small-sized planting edible mushroom family use all very convenient.
4, raw material sawdust, gac wide material sources, with low cost, can be used as again the source of nutrition of mushroom growth, can play slow releasing function to selenium, takes conveniently nontoxic, environmental protection recycling; In addition, this additive also can be used for the cultivation of other edible mushrooms except mushroom, for people provide the selenium-enriched edible mushroom of many kinds.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gather change curve of mushroom fruiting body selenium content of symmetrical five sampling spots in test site.
Fig. 2 be under mushroom the change curve of selenium content in the different harvest time mushroom fruiting body after fruiting.
Embodiment
one, the making of additive rich in selenium:
Solid additive rich in selenium of the present invention, by screening, determine take dry, without going mouldy, pollution-free, no-sundries, granularity be 20-40 purpose sawdust sorbent material 90kg, 40 ~ 60 purpose gac sustained release dosage 10 kg.In advance sawdust and gac are mixed, then 99% Sodium Selenite 0.15 kg, 98% zinc sulfate 0.20 kg are dissolved in respectively in 40 ~ 50 kg water, after dissolving, two solution are mixed, again this mixing solutions is joined in the sawdust of premix and gac and stir, make sawdust, gac fully adsorb this two kinds of solution, vexed the putting 1.5 ~ 2 hours of poly-heap, shakeout drying on concrete floor or on plastics, permeate the ground to prevent that water from dividing, make the solid additive rich in selenium.
Two,
the use of additive rich in selenium:
1, the selection of Cultivar and domestication
Ground cultivation of anti-season mushroom kind is selected: take middle warm type or high temperature modification bacterial strain as good, for example bacterial strain mushroom 931, fragrant No. 1 (the Lentinus edodes) of the Liao Dynasty.
The female kind of one-level tamed: choose by weight proportion following raw materials according: potato is cleaned and removes eye, takes the 200g section, adds water 1000ml and boils 20min, the potato fruit of filtered through gauze; Add glucose 20g, potassium primary phosphate 5g, sal epsom 1.5g, vitamins B
250mg, Sodium Selenite 10mg, stir evenly and fully dissolve; Put into agar 12 ~ 15g, after agar dissolves fully, moisturizing is to the 1000ml substratum again; The packing test tube carries out autoclaving, sterilizing 20 ~ 25min under 0.1 ~ 0.11Mpa; Switching mushroom kind under aseptic condition, cover with inclined-plane in 12 ~ 13 days through 24 ~ 26 ℃ of constant temperature lucifuges cultivations and be the female kind of one-level domestication.
2, the domestication of secondary, three-class strain preparation: choose by weight following culture material raw material: thick wood chip 39kg, thin wood chip 38kg, wheat bran 20kg, additive rich in selenium 1.0kg, white sugar 1kg, lime 1.0kg, mix thoroughly by material water weight ratio 1:1.2 after mixing, shelving, bottling, sterilizing 2h under 0.12 ~ 0.14Mpa, cultivate in 24 ~ 26 ℃ of lucifuges after inoculation, treat that white hypha is healthy and strong, plentiful, fine and close, cover with bottle or bacterium bag, standby.(control group described in table 1 does not add selenium, and Fig. 1 contains the selenium total amount with the liquid additive rich in selenium added described in Fig. 2 and equates with solid selenium, and other distribution and management process are identical.）
3, the preparation of cultivation bacterium rod: take off by weight row planting material raw material: thick wood chip 39kg, thin wood chip 36.5kg, wheat bran 20kg, additive rich in selenium 2.5kg, white sugar 1.0kg, lime 1.0kg, after mixing, by material water weight ratio 1:1.2, mix thoroughly, shelving, the dress polyethylene plastic bag is made the bacterium rod; By bacterium rod normal-pressure sterilization, temperature rises to 100 ~ 110 ℃, maintains 14 ~ 16 h at this temperature, more vexed 10 h take the dish out of the pot, and pocket is cooled to below 30 ℃; Punching inoculation on the bacterium rod, move into culturing room after inoculation, after inoculation, in 24 ~ 26 ℃ of lucifuges, cultivate, and will inoculate the bacterium rod and stack with groined type, in 24～26 ℃ of temperature, atmospheric moisture 60～70%, indoor maintenance is ventilated, and the slightly weak condition of light issues bacterium; When mycelial growth circle (around punching) diameter reaches 4～7cm, play 3～5 hole ventilation oxygenatings in the bacterium circle, cover with the bacterium bag when mycelia, strumae annesl phenomenon appears, prepare cultivation.(control group described in table 1 does not add selenium, and Fig. 1 contains the selenium total amount with the liquid additive rich in selenium added described in Fig. 2 and equates with solid selenium, and other distribution and management process are identical.）
4, soil covering culture: greatly at the beginning of 5 months, select fine weather, cut open bacterium bag film, flat raft furrow face is about to the accumbency of bacterium rod and puts, good with performance of keeping humidity, be difficult for hardening, that free of contamination silty loam fills up plug to bacterium bag gap and two ends is tight, upper 3～4cm place of accumbency bacterium rod does not contact with silty loam, stays its fruiting.
5, fruiting and the management of gathering: after earthing, the spray heavy water once, sprays water every day 3 times afterwards, makes temperature of shed keep 15 ~ 26 ℃, atmospheric moisture 80～90%.Mushroom is urged in stimulation through 4～5 days alternations of wetting and drying and the temperature difference.With young mushroom growth, reduce gradually water spray number of times and the water yield, keep the interior humiture of canopy suitable.When opening, the curls inward of cap edge to not gather in time.After the first damp mushroom is gathered, stop water spray, stop bacterium, treat bacterium rod water content
Reduce, after adopting wound that mushroom stays and recovering, then spray heavy water 1 time, repeat top management of producing mushroom, prepare against out the second damp mushroom.Following list provides the correlation data of mycelial growth of the present invention and the rich selenium of sporophore and effect of increasing production.
table 1: the correlation data of the rich selenium of mycelial growth and sporophore and effect of increasing production
the subordinate list explanation:
1. PDA substratum mycelial growth rate (mm/d) refers to the speed of growth of mushroom mycelium on the PDA substratum,
Numerical value is larger, and mycelial growth rate is faster, and the growth of mushroom mycelium that added selenium to promote is described in substratum.
2. bacterium bag mycelia is covered with (specification is that 17cm bag folding footpath * 33cm bag is long) required number of days and refers to 1000
All cover with needed number of days to the bacterium bag after bacterium bag inoculation.
Existing mushroom flower bud number of days (d) refer to anti-season ground plant under the bacterium rod after earthing the mushroom flower bud number of days appears.
4. sporophore selenium content (ug/g) refers to selenium content mean value in plucked fresh mushroom, and measuring method adopts the AFS-830a dual channel atomic fluorescence photometers to detect.Find selenium content difference in fresh mushroom sporophore cap, stem in testing process, cap content is higher than stem, and the fresh mushroom sporophore selenium content that adds as seen the additive rich in selenium group in table is apparently higher than control group, rich selenium successful.
5. add the additive rich in selenium group obviously to improve than control group biology transformation efficiency, illustrate and add additive rich in selenium can improve mushroom production.
6. add the additive rich in selenium group higher than control group high-quality mushroom rate, color and luster is even, and just, the mushroom lid is thick, is of moderate size for the mushroom type.
Test shows: use solid additive rich in selenium in anti-season, ground planted Lentnus edodes, can promote mycelial growth, bacterium bag incubation time shorten in average 4 days, budding number of days shorten in average 2 days, in sporophore, selenium content is higher than more than the contrast decades of times, the biology transformation efficiency improves 11.4%, and high-quality mushroom rate is higher than contrast 5.9%.
In order to illustrate, add the impact on mushroom selenium content stability of solid or liquid additive rich in selenium, the present invention to provide two groups of trial curve comparison diagrams (solid all equates containing the selenium total amount with the liquid additive rich in selenium)
.
Fig. 1 has provided in test site symmetrical five sampling spots mushroom fruiting body selenium content change curve of gathering.
Add as can be seen from Figure 1 the Selenium in Mushroom content of solid additive rich in selenium more stable, change not quite, the content data standard deviation is 0.0819, and relative standard deviation RSD is 1.77%; And add the Selenium in Mushroom content of liquid additive rich in selenium large, and standard deviation is 0.2349, relative standard deviation RSD is 5.17%; Data are less, and the data dispersity is less, illustrate that to add the solid additive rich in selenium to produce the mushroom selenium content relatively stable, and rich selenium solid additive disperses more evenly to be conducive to stablize Selenium in Mushroom content in planting material.
Fig. 2 provided anti-season ground plant under mushroom the change curve of selenium content in five (20 days, interval) different harvest time mushroom fruiting bodies after fruiting.
Add as can be seen from Figure 2 the Selenium in Mushroom content of solid additive rich in selenium more stable, change not quite, the content data standard deviation is 0.0689, and relative standard deviation RSD is 1.48%; And add the Selenium in Mushroom content of liquid additive rich in selenium large, and standard deviation is 0.3363, relative standard deviation RSD is 7.51%; Data are less, the data dispersity is less, illustrate that to add solid mushroom that additive rich in selenium produces relatively stable at different harvest stages selenium contents, rich selenium solid additive disperses more even and long-acting stable in planting material, and the solid additive rich in selenium is conducive to stablize Selenium in Mushroom content.
Claims (2)
1. plant the mushroom additive rich in selenium to an anti-season, it is characterized in that: described additive rich in selenium is solid, and this additive proportioning of each component by weight is:
20-40 purpose sawdust sorbent material 80 ~ 90kg,
40 ~ 60 purpose gac sustained release dosage 10 ~ 20kg,
99% Sodium Selenite 0.15 ~ 0.20 kg,
98% zinc sulfate 0.20 ~ 0.30 kg;
Prepared by this additive: in advance sawdust and gac are mixed by the following method, Sodium Selenite, zinc sulfate are dissolved in respectively in 40 ~ 50 kg water again, after dissolving, mix, again this mixed solution is joined in sawdust and gac and stirs, vexed the putting 1.5 ~ 2 hours of poly-heap, spread seasoning out and make the solid additive rich in selenium.
2. plant to anti-season claimed in claim 1 the application method of mushroom with additive rich in selenium, it is characterized in that: while using additive rich in selenium, add the solid additive rich in selenium by 0.8 ~ 1% of siccative weight in mushroom two, three-class strain culture material, add the solid additive rich in selenium by 1.5 ~ 2.5% of siccative weight in planting material, according to said ratio, rich selenium solid additive is mixed with strain culture-material, planting material.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103535186A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-29 | 苏州硒泰克生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing agaricus blazei murill rich in selenium for food additive |
| CN104557304A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Selenium-rich shii-take cultivation material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016134406A1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Dakota Star Capital, Llc | Mineral enriched natural supplements |
| CN108046877A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-18 | 河南博联农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix |
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| KR20050014296A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-07 | 최웅규 | Cultivating method of mushroom enriched calcium and selenium and mushroom cultivated therefrom |
| CN101648836A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-02-17 | 河北科技大学 | Water replenishing nutrient of edible mushroom |
| CN101712580A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-05-26 | 上海市农业科学院 | Gossypol adsorbent |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103535186A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-29 | 苏州硒泰克生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing agaricus blazei murill rich in selenium for food additive |
| CN104557304A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Selenium-rich shii-take cultivation material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016134406A1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | Dakota Star Capital, Llc | Mineral enriched natural supplements |
| US10863762B2 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2020-12-15 | Cura Global Health (Bvi) Limited | Mineral enriched natural supplements |
| CN108046877A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-05-18 | 河南博联农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix |
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