CN106258734A - A kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit - Google Patents
A kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258734A CN106258734A CN201610657387.7A CN201610657387A CN106258734A CN 106258734 A CN106258734 A CN 106258734A CN 201610657387 A CN201610657387 A CN 201610657387A CN 106258734 A CN106258734 A CN 106258734A
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- domestication
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention belongs to Fructus oleae europaeae breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, comprise the steps: S1, presprouting of seeds；S2, sowing；S3, seedling domestication；S4, grafting；S5, grafting domestication；S6, transplanting.The present invention uses freezing and cold preservation to process seed, makees stock with seedling, seedling and grafting all carries out the domestication of different temperatures so that Ke Ladi and bean fruit seedling have more preferable adaptability to environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fructus oleae europaeae breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit.
Background technology
Fructus oleae europaeae (Olea europaea) has another name called olive, is Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium, is world-renowned
Woody oleiferous plants is held concurrently and is really used seeds, and cultivar has higher edibility, containing abundant kind of high-quality edible plant oil Fructus oleae europaeae oil.Oil
Fructus Canarii albi is famous subtropical fruit tree and Important Economic forest, is distributed mainly on mediterranean country, Greece, Italy, Tunisia, west
Class's tooth is for concentrating the place of production.Fructus oleae europaeae has long cultivation history in Mediterranean various countries, and these regions are all that soil is penetrating
Well, the region that illumination is sufficient, rainfall is moderate.
Olive oil is the natural edible-plant oil of the direct cold pressing of Fructus oleae europaeae fresh fruit, and nutritious, non-oxidizability is relatively strong,
Product purpose is extensive, is vegetable oil queen, the liquid golden generally acknowledged in the world.Containing the abundant unsaturated fat of list in olive oil
Sour and how unsaturated fat, raw possibly together with abundant trace element Squalene, Flavonoid substances, polyphenol compound and multiple dimension
Element.The data of International Olive Oil Council and European Union shows, healthy benefit is had by olive oil: (1) blood circulation promoting；(2)
Improve digestive system；(3) protection skin；(4) hormonal system function is improved；(5) to skeletal system protective effect；(6) anti-cancer
Effect；(7) radiation protection；(8) it is used for making baby food；(9) defying age；(10) prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Therefore, plant
Plant Fructus oleae europaeae tool huge economic value.
Fructus oleae europaeae original producton location belongs to maritime winter warm climate, and olive growing district of China belongs to continent monsoon type weather more,
Owing to climatype is different, the domestication research of Fructus oleae europaeae kind just has important effect to the development of Fructus oleae europaeae industry, is also development
The basis of Fructus oleae europaeae industry.Only kind domestication research on have breakthrough, the Fructus oleae europaeae industry of China could obtain develop with
Success.Simply introduce a fine variety and be difficult to obtain ideal effect.Fructus oleae europaeae to be made produces good economic benefit, it is necessary to carry out kind domestication and
Election effects.
The kind of current cultivation is in the difference the most certain compared with original producton location of the aspects such as yielding ability, resistance, oil quality
Away from, it is badly in need of these kinds introduced are carried out domestication and election effects, uses modern breeding new and high technology means, to accelerate new product
Plant selection-breeding process.
Publication date is on August 1st, 2012, the Chinese patent of Publication No. CN102612961A, discloses a kind of Fructus oleae europaeae
The breeding method of seedling, comprises the following steps: a, cuttage；B, cultivation；C, seedling exercising.The method improves oil olive to a certain extent
Survival rate after olive seedlings root quality and transplanting, but it uses cutting propagation, and the root system of cutting seedling is not as seedling
Well developed root system, its drought resistance and winter resistance are unsatisfactory.
Prior art also there is no a kind of well domestication mating system to solve Fructus oleae europaeae drought resistance during introducing a fine variety
The problem poor with winter resistance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, is used for solving oil
Fructus Canarii albi is drought resistance and the problem of winter resistance difference during introducing a fine variety.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that
A kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, comprise the steps:
S1, presprouting of seeds: by freezing for Fructus oleae europaeae seed 3～5 days, then cold preservation 2～(freezing and cold preservation can increase in 3 months
Winter resistance after seed sprouting), it is 70 by concentration～the soak with ethanol 0.5 of 75%～1 hour, is the mercuric chloride of 0.1% by concentration
Solution soaking 10～30 minutes, clear water rinses, and soaks 20～60 minutes with the potassium permanganate solution of concentration 0.01～0.5%, clearly
Water rinses, then soaks 2～3 days by the Gibberellins solution of 300～400ppm, naturally dries in the shade；Fructus oleae europaeae seed after drying in the shade with
(if Fructus oleae europaeae the surface of the seed is not dry, when it mixes with river sand, river sand can be wrapped in Fructus oleae europaeae kind sublist in river sand mixing
Face, thus affect the breathing of seed), carry out accelerating germination, reach 90% sowing carried out above to Fructus oleae europaeae seed breach rate；
S2, sowing: by the Fructus oleae europaeae seed of breach in equipped with in the breeding dish of Nutrition Soil, seedlings nursing plate is placed in seedling growth greenhouse
In, control the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse, day temperature 20～28 DEG C, humidity 70～80%, night temperatures 15～19 DEG C, wet
Degree 40～65%；
S3, seedling domestication: seedling grows to 20cm, and the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is adjusted to by every day: day temperature 30
～35 DEG C, humidity 80～90%, maintain 1～3 hour, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Night temperatures 8～10
DEG C, humidity 30～40%, maintain 1～3 hour, then (change of temperature can stimulate children to the temperature and humidity in recovering step S2
Cold-resistant and the heat-resisting quantity of Seedling)；Seedling grows to 40cm, changes nature humiture into, is no longer controlled humiture, naturally tames and dociles
Change；
S4, grafting: seedling grows to diameter 1～2cm at liftoff 10cm, using seedling as stock, select annual sturdy
Ke Ladi and/or bean Fruit branch row culture grafting fringe；
S5, grafting domestication: controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity after grafting is: day temperature 20～25 DEG C, humidity 80～
90%, night temperatures 17～19 DEG C, humidity 60～75%, until scion survives, controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity is: daytime temperature
Spend 10～15 DEG C, humidity 50～70%, night temperatures 6～8 DEG C, humidity 30～40% (change of humiture can stimulate grafting,
Make it have wider heatproof humidity range), change nature humiture into after maintaining 2～3 days, no longer humiture is controlled,
Naturally domestication；
S6, grafting grow to 80～100cm, obtain Fructus oleae europaeae seedling, transplant.
The present invention provide Ke Ladi and bean fruit domestication mating system in, it is preferable that seed described in step S1 with
It is river sand that the hybrid mode of river sand repaves one layer of seed, orlop and the superiors for one layer of river sand of paving；It is further preferred that every layer
The thickness of river sand is 0.5～1cm, and river sand should not be the thickest, the thickest breathing that can affect seed；It is further preferred that described river sand
Water content be 20～40% (v/w).
In the Ke Ladi of present invention offer and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, in step S1, Fructus oleae europaeae seed mixes with river sand
After conjunction, it is 20～30 DEG C that germination temperature controls.
In the Ke Ladi of present invention offer and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is preferable that Nutrition Soil described in step S2
For adding Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer in soil；It is further preferred that the weight ratio of described soil and Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer be 7～
10:1；It is further preferred that the component of described Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and fertiliser containing magnesium；Most preferably, institute
The weight ratio stating Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer component is nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer: fertiliser containing magnesium=18～26:15～20:10～16:2～5.
The most described Fructus oleae europaeae seed can be other Fructus oleae europaeae kind in addition to Ke Ladi and bean fruit kind
Seed, such as: Fo Ao, Lay star, skin cut profit, nine peak 6, Ge Daer, skin Guar, A Si, Hubei Province plant No. 8, join many spirits, Ke Ladina,
Ge Luosha, middle mountain 24 and Chenggu 32 etc., be preferably selected the kind that anti-salt, drought resisting and disease resistance are good.
Ke Ladi is a kind of Fructus oleae europaeae, and its growth is vigorous, and tree crown is dense, and branch is upright is arranged in harp string
Shape.Complete flower rate 70%, selfing rate is high, free pollination rate more than 88%, oil content 32%, and its fruit maturation is early, it is simple to processing,
Not only be oil with but also use for fruit.
Bean fruit is a kind of Fructus oleae europaeae, and it is the most real, in blooming, and self-pollination, ripe in premature labor, it is a resistance macroseism
Kind, cold-resistant anti-saline and alkaline；Appropriateness is drought-enduring, disease-resistanting leaf spot, sensitive to high calcareous soil.Fruit oil content is 20～22%.
Use technique scheme, owing to using freezing and cold preservation seed to be processed, makees stock with seedling, to children
Seedling and grafting all carry out the domestication of different temperatures so that Ke Ladi and bean fruit seedling have more preferable adaptability to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with instantiation, the invention will be further described.At this it should be noted that for these embodiment party
The explanation of formula is adapted to assist in and understands the present invention, but is not intended that limitation of the invention.Additionally, invention described below is each
Just can be mutually combined as long as technical characteristic involved in individual embodiment does not constitutes conflict each other.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, comprise the steps:
S1, presprouting of seeds: by freezing for Fructus oleae europaeae seed 5 days, then cold preservation 2 months, by the soak with ethanol 0.5 that concentration is 75%
Hour, soaking 15 minutes with the mercuric chloride solution that concentration is 0.1%, clear water rinses, with the potassium permanganate solution leaching that concentration is 0.5%
Steeping 20 minutes, clear water rinses, then soaks 2 days by the Gibberellins solution of 300ppm, naturally dries in the shade；Fructus oleae europaeae seed after drying in the shade
Mixing with river sand, first at the river sand that one layer of 0.5cm of ground paving is thick, then one layer of Fructus oleae europaeae seed of paving, repaves one layer of 0.5cm thickness
River sand, so circulate, the superiors are river sand, and the mixing of Fructus oleae europaeae seed and river sand highly is less than 30cm, river sand aqueous
Amount is 20% (v/w), carries out accelerating germination, and germination temperature is 20～30 DEG C, reaches 90% to Fructus oleae europaeae seed breach rate carried out above
Sowing；
S2, sowing: by the Fructus oleae europaeae seed of breach in equipped with in the breeding dish of Nutrition Soil, Nutrition Soil is for add in soil
Entering Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer, soil is 7:1 with the weight ratio of Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer, the component of Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer be nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer,
Potash fertilizer and fertiliser containing magnesium, its weight ratio is nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer: fertiliser containing magnesium=18:20:10:5.Seedlings nursing plate is placed in seedling growth greenhouse, control
Temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse processed, day temperature 20～28 DEG C, humidity 70～80%, night temperatures 15～19 DEG C, humidity 40
～65%；
S3, seedling domestication: seedling grows to 20cm, and the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is adjusted to by every day: day temperature 30
～35 DEG C, humidity 80～90%, maintain 1 hour, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Night temperatures 8～10 DEG C, wet
Degree 30～40%, maintains 3 hours, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Seedling grows to 40cm, changes nature into warm and humid
Degree, is no longer controlled humiture, naturally domestication；
S4, grafting: seedling grows to diameter 1～2cm at liftoff 10cm, using seedling as stock, select annual sturdy
Ke Ladi branch makees grafting fringe；
S5, grafting domestication: controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity after grafting is: day temperature 20～25 DEG C, humidity 80～
90%, night temperatures 17～19 DEG C, humidity 60～75%, until scion survives, controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity is: daytime temperature
Spend 10～15 DEG C, humidity 50～70%, night temperatures 6～8 DEG C, humidity 30～40%, after maintaining 2 days, change nature humiture into,
No longer humiture is controlled, naturally domestication；
S6, grafting grow to 80～100cm, obtain Fructus oleae europaeae seedling, transplant.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, comprise the steps:
S1, presprouting of seeds: by freezing for Fructus oleae europaeae seed 3 days, then cold preservation 3 months, little by the soak with ethanol 1 that concentration is 72%
Time, soaking 30 minutes with the mercuric chloride solution that concentration is 0.1%, clear water rinses, and soaks with the potassium permanganate solution that concentration is 0.1%
50 minutes, clear water rinsed, then soaked 3 days by the Gibberellins solution of 400ppm, naturally dried in the shade；Fructus oleae europaeae seed after drying in the shade with
River sand mixes, first at the river sand that one layer of 1cm of ground paving is thick, and then one layer of Fructus oleae europaeae seed of paving, repave the thick river of one layer of 1cm
Sand, so circulates, and the superiors are river sand, and Fructus oleae europaeae is highly less than 30cm with the mixing of river sand, and the water content of river sand is
35% (v/w), carries out accelerating germination, and germination temperature is 20～30 DEG C, reaches 90% sowing carried out above to Fructus oleae europaeae seed breach rate；
S2, sowing: by the Fructus oleae europaeae seed of breach in equipped with in the breeding dish of Nutrition Soil, Nutrition Soil is for add in soil
Entering Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer, soil is 10:1 with the weight ratio of Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer, and the component of Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus
Fertilizer, potash fertilizer and fertiliser containing magnesium, its weight ratio is nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer: fertiliser containing magnesium=25:18:15:2.Seedlings nursing plate is placed in seedling growth greenhouse,
Control the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse, day temperature 20～28 DEG C, humidity 70～80%, night temperatures 15～19 DEG C, humidity
40～65%；
S3, seedling domestication: seedling grows to 20cm, and the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is adjusted to by every day: day temperature 30
～35 DEG C, humidity 80～90%, maintain 3 hours, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Night temperatures 8～10 DEG C, wet
Degree 30～40%, maintains 1 hour, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Seedling grows to 40cm, changes nature into warm and humid
Degree, is no longer controlled humiture, naturally domestication；
S4, grafting: seedling grows to diameter 1～2cm at liftoff 10cm, using seedling as stock, select annual sturdy
Bean Fruit branch row culture grafting fringe；
S5, grafting domestication: controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity after grafting is: day temperature 20～25 DEG C, humidity 80～
90%, night temperatures 17～19 DEG C, humidity 60～75%, until scion survives, controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity is: daytime temperature
Spend 10～15 DEG C, humidity 50～70%, night temperatures 6～8 DEG C, humidity 30～40%, after maintaining 3 days, change nature humiture into,
No longer humiture is controlled, naturally domestication；
S6, grafting grow to 80～100cm, obtain Fructus oleae europaeae seedling, transplant.
Above embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail, but the invention is not restricted to described embodiment.Right
For those skilled in the art, in the case of without departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, these embodiments are carried out many
Kind changes, revises, replaces and modification, still falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Yi Zhong Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1, presprouting of seeds: by freezing for Fructus oleae europaeae seed 3～5 days, then cold preservation 2～3 months, with the ethanol that concentration is 70～75%
Soaking 0.5～1 hour, soak 10～30 minutes with mercuric chloride solution that concentration is 0.1%, clear water rinses, with concentration be 0.01～
The potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% soaks 20～60 minutes, and clear water rinses, then with 300～400ppm Gibberellins solution immersion 2～
3 days, naturally dry in the shade；Fructus oleae europaeae seed after drying in the shade mixes with river sand, carries out accelerating germination, reaches to Fructus oleae europaeae seed breach rate
90% sowing carried out above；
S2, sowing: by the Fructus oleae europaeae seed of breach in equipped with in the breeding dish of Nutrition Soil, seedlings nursing plate is placed in seedling growth greenhouse,
Control the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse, day temperature 20～28 DEG C, humidity 70～80%, night temperatures 15～19 DEG C, humidity
40～65%；
S3, seedling domestication: seedling grows to 20cm, and the temperature and humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is adjusted to by every day: day temperature 30～35
DEG C, humidity 80～90%, maintain 1～3 hour, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Night temperatures 8～10 DEG C, wet
Degree 30～40%, maintains 1～3 hour, the then temperature and humidity in recovering step S2；Seedling grows to 40cm, changes nature temperature into
Humidity, is no longer controlled humiture, naturally domestication；
S4, grafting: seedling grows to diameter 1～2cm at liftoff 10cm, using seedling as stock, select annual sturdy section to draw
The base of a fruit and/or bean Fruit branch row culture grafting fringe, carry out grafting；
S5, grafting domestication: controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity after grafting is: day temperature 20～25 DEG C, humidity 80～90%,
Night temperatures 17～19 DEG C, humidity 60～75%, until scion survives, controlling seedling growth greenhouse temperature and humidity is: day temperature 10
～15 DEG C, humidity 50～70%, night temperatures 6～8 DEG C, humidity 30～40%, change nature humiture into, no after maintaining 2～3 days
Again humiture is controlled, naturally domestication；
S6, grafting grow to 80～100cm, obtain Ke Ladi and/or bean fruit seedling, transplant.
Ke Ladi the most according to claim 1 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that plant described in step S1
Son repaves one layer of seed with the hybrid mode of river sand for one layer of river sand of paving.
Ke Ladi the most according to claim 2 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that described river sand each
Layer thickness is 0.5～1cm.
4. according to the Ke Ladi described in Claims 2 or 3 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that described river sand
The envelope-bulk to weight ratio of water content is 20～40%.
Ke Ladi the most according to claim 1 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that Fructus oleae europaeae in step S1
After seed mixes with river sand, it is 20～30 DEG C that germination temperature controls.
Ke Ladi the most according to claim 1 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that seek described in step S2
Supporting soil is addition Fructus oleae europaeae special fertilizer in soil.
Ke Ladi the most according to claim 6 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that described soil and oil olive
The weight ratio of olive special fertilizer is 7～10:1.
8. according to the Ke Ladi described in claim 6 or 7 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit, it is characterised in that described Fructus oleae europaeae
The composition of special fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and fertiliser containing magnesium.
9. require the Ke Ladi described in 8 and the domestication mating system of bean fruit according to tree profit, it is characterised in that described Fructus oleae europaeae is special
The weight ratio of fertile composition is nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: potash fertilizer: fertiliser containing magnesium=18～26:15～20:10～16:2～5.
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| CN109197345A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate |
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| CN107041268A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-08-15 | 易门滇之源林业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of olive |
| CN109197345A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate |
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Application publication date: 20170104 |