CN101946695A - Variety disposition technique for improving olive fruit bearing rate - Google Patents
Variety disposition technique for improving olive fruit bearing rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101946695A CN101946695A CN2010102915454A CN201010291545A CN101946695A CN 101946695 A CN101946695 A CN 101946695A CN 2010102915454 A CN2010102915454 A CN 2010102915454A CN 201010291545 A CN201010291545 A CN 201010291545A CN 101946695 A CN101946695 A CN 101946695A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique for improving olive fruit bearing rate. Aiming at the defects that an olive pollination disposition technique is difficultly suitable for an olive applicable growing region with lager areas and the technical scheme is not clear or complete and cannot be performed in the prior art, the invention provides the technique for improving the olive fruit bearing rate by reasonable variety disposition. The technical scheme divides the pollination variety disposition of 31 olive varieties into optimal disposition modes and common disposition modes according to biological characteristics of different cross-pollination fruit bearing rates shown in total 31 olive varieties such as N-183, Ascolano, Peker.Picudo, Frantoio, Hojiblanca, K.Chemla, Kalinjoti, Coratina, Kition Frantoio, Leccino, Moraiolo, N-14, P.Konica, Pendolino, Picholine, Chemlal, Greece-1, Greece-3, Manzanilla and the like. The technique can effectively improve the fruit bearing rate and the yield of the olive and can be suitable for plantation planning and low-yield plantation reformation of more olive growing regions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology that improves the olive percentage of fertile fruit, particularly relate to a kind of technology, belong to the cultivating and growing field by reasonable kind configuration raising olive percentage of fertile fruit.
Background technology
Olive (Olea europaea L.) belongs to Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium, is that the double fruit of world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is used seeds, and very high economic worth is arranged.The central distribution district of olive is a mediterranean country, and Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain are for concentrating the place of production.China's olive plantation starts from the sixties in last century, and China's olive cultivated area is about 500,000 mu, wherein at present: 210,000 mu in Gansu Province, totally 5 ten thousand mu in 230,000 mu in Sichuan Province, Yunnan and Shaanxi produce about 200 tons in olive oil per year.And organize alleged " also being at last maximum olive oil country of consumption in the world " as international olive oil, China's olive oil import in 2007 has broken through 10,000 tons, predicts that present national olive oil potential market demand is more than 300,000 tons.Because output in domestic far can not be met the need of market, China's olive plant husbandry development in recent years is rapid.But quantity constantly increases, plants in the continuous expansion of area in the planting base, and ubiquity is blindly introduced a fine variety, variet complexity, colored and unreal, even the low and unstable problem of solid fruit yield.Only between 20%～30%, the olive tree of most of plantation is the result not for the ripening rate of olive tree on the olive growing surface.The low ripening rate of olive has been wasted ample resources again when having reduced the plant husbandry economic benefit.
Olive is a hermaphrodite flower, but the undergrown incomplete flower of gynoecium (stamen is normal, and gynoecium is degenerated) is often arranged, or claims the flower of degenerating, malformed flower.The ratio of incomplete flower is different because of the nutrition condition of kind and plant.Most of olive kinds have self-incompatibillity, the characteristic that the self-pollination ripening rate is low, and the affinity between each kind of cross pollination is not quite similar, and differs greatly.When construction olive plantation, the selection of main breed and its pollinated variety is an important cultivation step with configuration, also is the key technical problem that the plantation of current oil olive presses for solution.
Scientific research paper " research is selected in the suitableeest pollination configuration of Gansu south of Gansu Province olive main breed " (Jiang Chengying etc., western forest-science, 2010,39 (1)) a kind of the suitableeest pollination configuring technical of olive growing kind is disclosed, two kinds of olive kinds pollination configuration modes are provided: the one, skin cut sharp and No. 6, nine peaks, Lay star and No. 8 two combination of interactions of E Zhi by 1: 1 proportional arrangement, pollinated variety is set each other; The 2nd, cutting profit with skin is main breed, and the Lay star is a pollinated variety, and tree body allocation ratio is 4: 1.This pollination configuring technical is mainly developed for adapting to producing region, olive Gansu, relates to of less typesly, and disclosed pollination configuration mode is also less, is difficult to be applicable to more olive suitable planting district.Scientific research paper " olive artificial pollination test is explored " (Peng Jianguo etc., the Sichuan forestry science and technology, 2006,27 (1)) the artificial pollination test data result of 15 olive kinds is disclosed, but the olive kind that wherein really relates to except that A Si, cut female La Er, Greece-the 3rd, the real olive kind name, remaining 12 kinds of olive has all used the pilot system internal code, the those of ordinary skill olive kind of each code representative that has no way of finding out about it in the general public and even the field, so the inreal clear complete open pollination technique of the document.Aspect the enforcement of pollination configuration, those of ordinary skill except realizing that to cut female La Er serve as that the pollination female parent serves as the pollination scheme of pollination male parent with Greece-3, can't be implemented described other olive kind pollination configuring technical scheme of document according to the document.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of kind configuring technical that improves the olive percentage of fertile fruit is provided, and this technology improves the olive percentage of fertile fruit by the pollination allocation plan of optimizing the olive kind.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of kind configuring technical that improves the olive percentage of fertile fruit, adopt that the cross pollination mode realizes between kind, it is characterized in that: described olive kind comprises N-14, N-183, N-4, N-79, Sdeoeliahu cord, A Si, than Ka Pikuduo, Fo Ao, Ge Daer, lattice Lyons, He Ji, Ka Qiemula, card woods, Ke Ladi, Ke Niluo, Ke Xinfoao, Lay star, No. 14, Lay star, Mo Layue, south-14, Pa Kenika, join the spirit of Duoing, Pi Guaer, Pi Xiaoli, Qie Mulaer, Tunisia, western Gus 27BA, Greece-1, Greece-3, griggles, beautiful cicada 44.
Olive kind One's name is legion, and have the characteristic that selfing is not affine, the self-pollination percentage of fertile fruit is low mostly, this is one of major obstacle of olive large-scale planting production.The technical program shows according to 31 olive kinds intersects the biological property of cross pollination percentage of fertile fruit height difference, and the pollinated variety configuration of described 31 kinds is divided into preferred deployment and common configuration mode.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention shows: the olive kind configuring technical with higher percentage of fertile fruit that the first, technical scheme provides can provide Technical Reference for the planning of olive plantation and planting base construction, has solved owing to the kind mis-arrange causes olive plantation percentage of fertile fruit low even be zero wasting of resources that causes; The second, technical scheme can be already present olive plantation transformation shaky or that ripening rate is low at present and provides technical support, the improvement cost in favourable saving plantation; Three, the disclosed olive pollinated variety of technical scheme allocation plan relates to 31 kinds, can be applicable to more olive growing area.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment one
Implement olive kind configuring technical in the period of 2007 to 2009 in olive kind garden, northeast, safflower mountains and rivers, Kaijiang County, Sichuan Province.
1, environmental profiles
Olive kind garden, northeast, safflower mountains and rivers, Kaijiang County builds on 1979, and mu surplus the area 100 is now preserved surplus the olive kind 60, is that present China olive kind is preserved maximum germplasm resource banks.The kind garden olive age of tree 30～35 years, most of kinds are now yielded positive results, and percentage of fertile fruit is between 0.1%～1.5%, and 22kg is produced in average strain, and 75kg is produced in the highest strain.
2, olive kind pollination configuring technical scheme
(1) kind is selected: totally 31 of the olive kinds of the configuration that is used to pollinate, comprise N-14, N-183, N-4, N-79, Sdeoeliahu cord, A Si, than Ka Pikuduo, Fo Ao, Ge Daer, lattice Lyons, He Ji, Ka Qiemula, card woods, Ke Ladi, Ke Niluo, Ke Xinfoao, Lay star, No. 14, Lay star, Mo Layue, south-14, Pa Kenika, join the spirit of Duoing, Pi Guaer, Pi Xiaoli, Qie Mulaer, Tunisia, western Gus 27BA, Greece-1, Greece-3, griggles, beautiful cicada 44.
(2) pollination technique is routine techniques in the industry, is embodied as:
Pollination branch is selected: each kind is respectively selected 2～3 strain type strains, before each kind is bloomed, selects east, south, west, north different azimuth, the sprig of tree crown upper, middle and lower different parts, add up spend measure after, list, bagging, numbering.Sprig quantity is determined according to the pollination number of combinations.
Pollen is gathered: according to each kind florescence feature, at open preceding 1～2 day artificial pollen of gathering each kind of bud, airing is stored in the indoor of ventilation, drying, stirs every day 3～5 times, to keep the pollen vigor.
Pollination: the artificial pollination test that selected 31 olive kinds are handed over mutually, wherein be 15 kinds in 2007 and 2008,2009 20.Adopt spray-on process to pollinate.
Remove bag: all kinds are in time removed bag to the observation branch after bearing fruit after the florescence.Adopted powder 3～10 May, pollination in 5～12, mid or late June investigation percentage of fertile fruit.
(3) pollination allocation plan:
Cross pollination intersects between 31 kinds to be carried out, and the kind configuration is pressed table 1 content and implemented.
Table 1 olive kind palmification kind allocation plan
3, technical scheme implementation result
Add up each pollinated variety configuring technical scheme percentage of fertile fruit, the result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 cross pollination kind configuration percentage of fertile fruit (annual data was average in 2007～2009 years 3)
Northeast, safflower mountains and rivers, Kaijiang County olive kind garden olive kind average percentage of fertile fruit for many years is 0.1%～1.5%, and 30% the fruit bearing shoot percentage of fertile fruit of having an appointment is zero.In contrast to this, through implementing olive kind configuring technical, 31 interracial intersection cross pollination percentages of fertile fruit have 26 kinds of configuration mode percentages of fertile fruit greater than 10% in preferred deployment, generally improve percentage of fertile fruit 0.5%～2.0%, and single plant yield can improve 5～10 kilograms.
The olive pollinated variety configuring technical that present embodiment provides, be not limited to the maternal kind of a kind of pollination only with the interracial single configuration of a kind of pollination male parent, also can be embodied as one the pollination maternal kind dispose a plurality of pollination male parent kinds simultaneously.When planting, can be with a plurality of breed combinations as pollinated variety (pollination male parent), with main breed (pollination is maternal) by one than being configured more, the multirow main breed of promptly whenever planting disposes delegation's pollinated variety.Usually can be that pollinated variety and main breed are configured by 1: 3～5,3～5 row main breed configurations, the 1 row pollinated variety of promptly whenever planting.
The olive pollinated variety configuring technical that present embodiment provides goes for olive normal regions such as dry-hot valley area, China Jinsha jiang River, low valley floor, the mountains and rivers, white Dragon River, slope, the south of the Five Ridges, Xiqin band, area, upstream, river Han basin, slope, the south of the Five Ridges, Xiqin, area, river valley, Jia Lingjiang River, slope, the big bus south of the mountains, the Sichuan Basin, low valley floor, the mountains and rivers, Yangtze River Gorges band.
Claims (8)
1. kind configuring technical that improves the olive percentage of fertile fruit, the cross pollination mode realizes that it is characterized in that: described olive kind comprises N-14 between the employing kind, N-183, N-4, N-79, Sdeoeliahu cord, A Si, compare Ka Pikuduo, Fo Ao, Ge Daer, lattice Lyons, He Ji, Ka Qiemula, the card woods, Ke Ladi, Ke Niluo, Ke Xinfoao, the Lay star, No. 14, Lay star, Mo Layue, south-14, Pa Kenika, how cleverly join, skin melon that, Pi Xiaoli, Qie Mulaer, Tunisia, west Gus 27BA, Greece-1, Greece-3, griggles, beautiful cicada 44.
2. technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the kind allocation plan of described cross pollination is one of following scheme:
One, be that pollination is maternal with Ke Ladi, with griggles, Fo Ao, Mo Layue, Pi Xiaoli, card woods, Lay star, Ke Xinfoao, the He Jiwei male parent of pollinating;
Two, to be about pollination maternal not draw, with He Ji, card woods, Ke Ladi, Qie Mulaer, join many spirits, griggles, serve as the male parent of pollinating than Ka Pikuduo, Ge Daer, Pi Xiaoli, Greece-3;
Three, be that pollination is maternal with Pi Xiaoli, with Ke Ladi, than Ka Pikuduo, Ge Daer, to join the spirit of Duo, A Si, griggles, N-14, Pa Kenika, Fo Ao, N-183, card woods be the male parent of pollinating;
Four, be that pollination is maternal with griggles, with Greece-1, Mo Layue, Pi Xiaoli, Fo Zhi, Ge Daer, Ke Ladi, Ke Xinfoao, to join many spirits, He Ji, Buddhist Austria be the male parent of pollinating;
Five, maternal with He Jiwei pollination, serve as the male parent of pollinating to join many spirits, Pi Xiaoli, Pa Kenika, Ge Daer, card woods, griggles, N-14, Ka Qiemula, Ke Ladi, Greece-1, Mo Layue, Greece-3;
Six, serve as that pollination is maternal with Buddhist Austria, with N-183, griggles, Mo Layue, He Ji, to join many spirits, Ke Ladi, Pa Kenika, Lay star, A Si, Greece-3, Pi Xiaoli, card woods be the male parent of pollinating;
Seven, serving as that pollination is maternal with the Lay star, serves as the pollination male parent to join many spirits, card woods, A Si, Buddhist Austria;
Eight, serving as that pollination is maternal with the card woods, serves as the pollination male parent with Mo Layue, N-183, Ke Xinfoao, Greece-3, Fo Ao, Lay star;
Nine, be that pollination is maternal with Qie Mulaer, to join many spirit, He Ji, Ge Daer, Ke Ladi, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, A Si, Fo Ao, mostly to be the pollination male parent than Ka Piku;
Ten, be that pollination is maternal with Ke Xinfoao, with Mo Layue, Fo Ao, N-183, card woods, Greece-3, Lay star, Pi Xiaoli, mostly be the pollination male parent than Ka Piku;
11, maternal with the A Siwei pollination, serve as the pollination male parent with Pi Xiaoli, Ke Xinfoao, Ge Daer, Lay star, He Ji, griggles;
12, be that pollination is maternal with Ge Daer, with He Ji, Ke Ladi, A Si, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Xinfoao, to join many spirits, Mo Layue, card woods be the male parent of pollinating;
13, serve as that pollination is maternal with Greece-3, with N-183, Ke Xinfoao, Lay star, Mo Layue, card woods, Fo Ao, to join many spirits be the pollination male parent;
14, maternal mostly to be pollination than Ka Piku, with griggles, Fo Ao, to join many spirits, Mo Layue, Ge Daer, He Ji, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Ladi be the male parent of pollinating;
15, serve as that pollination is maternal to join many spirits, to block woods, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Ladi, south-14, Ge Daer, Greece-3, mostly to be the pollination male parent than Ka Piku;
16, be that pollination is maternal with N-183, with Buddhist Austria, Ke Ladi, card woods, join many spirits, Pa Kenika is the pollination male parent;
17, being that pollination is maternal with N79, serves as the pollination male parent with Greece-1, Ke Ladi, Pa Kenika, Fo Ao, Pi Xiaoli, N-14, griggles;
18, being that pollination is maternal with Pa Kenika, serves as the male parent of pollinating to join many spirits, Greece-1, N-183, Ke Ladi, griggles, Buddhist Austria;
19, be that pollination is maternal with Tunisia, with Pi Xiaoli, N-183, He Ji, join many spirits, Fo Ao, Ke Ladi are the male parent of pollinating;
20, Gus 27BA is maternal for pollination to the west of, with griggles, Pa Kenika, Ke Ladi, to join many spirits, N-183, N-14, Pi Xiaoli be the male parent of pollinating;
21, being that pollination is maternal with Ka Qiemula, serve as the male parent of pollinating to join many spirits, south-14, N-4, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Ladi, Fo Ao, He Ji, Greece-1;
22, you serve as that pollination is maternal with the skin melon, serve as the pollination male parent with Pa Kenika, Fo Ao, He Ji, N-14, Greece-1;
23, serve as that pollination is maternal with Greece-1, with Ke Ladi, N-14, He Ji, to join many spirits, Pa Kenika, griggles, Fo Ao, Pi Xiaoli, south-14, N-183 be the male parent of pollinating;
24, be that pollination is maternal with N-14, with N-79, Fo Ao, Ka Qiemula, the He Jiwei male parent of pollinating;
25, serve as that pollination is maternal with lattice Lyons, with Greece-1, to join many spirits, Tunisia, He Ji, N-183, south-14, Ke Ladi, N-79, western Gus 27BA be the male parent of pollinating;
26, serve as for No. 14 that pollination is maternal with the Lay star, with Ke Ladi, Fo Ao, to join many spirits, N-14, western Gus 27BA, south-14, Greece-1 be the male parent of pollinating;
27, serving as that pollination is maternal with beautiful cicada 44, serves as the pollination male parent with Ke Ladi, Tunisia, He Ji, N-79, Greece-1, Fo Ao, N-183, south-14;
28, serving as that pollination is maternal with Sdeoeliahu cord, serves as the pollination male parent with Ke Ladi, N-183, south-14, N-14, Buddhist Austria;
29, being that pollination is maternal with Ke Niluo, serves as the pollination male parent with N-183, western Gus 27BA, south-14, Greece-1.
3. require 1 or 2 described technology as requested, it is characterized in that: the kind allocation plan of described cross pollination is one of following scheme:
One, maternal with the Ke Ladi pollination, serve as the pollination male parent with griggles, Fo Ao, Mo Layue, Pi Xiaoli, card woods;
Two, to be about pollination maternal not draw, with He Ji, card woods, Ke Ladi, Qie Mulaer, join many spirit, griggles, mostly be the pollination male parent than Ka Piku;
Three, be that pollination is maternal with Pi Xiaoli, with Ke Ladi, than Ka Pikuduo, Ge Daer, to join the spirit of Duo, A Si, griggles be the male parent of pollinating;
Four, being that pollination is maternal with griggles, serves as the pollination male parent with Greece-1, Mo Layue, Pi Xiaoli, Fo Zhi, Ge Daer, Ke Ladi;
Five, maternal with He Jiwei pollination, serve as the male parent of pollinating to join many spirits, Pi Xiaoli, Pa Kenika, Ge Daer, card woods, griggles, N-14, Ka Qiemula;
Six, serve as that pollination is maternal with Buddhist Austria, with N-183, griggles, Mo Layue, He Ji, join many spirits, Ke Ladi, Pa Kenika, Lay star, the A Siwei male parent of pollinating;
Seven, serving as that pollination is maternal with the Lay star, serves as the pollination male parent to join many spirits, to block woods;
Eight, serving as that pollination is maternal with the card woods, serves as the pollination male parent with Mo Layue, N-183, Ke Xinfoao, Greece-3;
Nine, be that pollination is maternal with Qie Mulaer, to join many spirits, He Ji, Ge Daer, Ke Ladi, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, the A Siwei male parent of pollinating;
Ten, being that pollination is maternal with Ke Xinfoao, serves as the pollination male parent with Mo Layue, Fo Ao, N-183, card woods, Greece-3, Lay star;
11, maternal with the A Siwei pollination, serve as the pollination male parent with Pi Xiaoli, Ke Xinfoao, Ge Daer;
12, be that pollination is maternal with Ge Daer, with He Ji, Ke Ladi, A Si, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Xinfoao, to join many spirits be the pollination male parent;
13, serving as that pollination is maternal with Greece-3, serves as the pollination male parent with N-183, Ke Xinfoao, Lay star, Mo Layue, card woods;
14, maternal mostly to be pollination than Ka Piku, with griggles, Fo Ao, join many spirits, do not draw and be about the pollination male parent;
15, serving as that pollination is maternal to join many spirits, serves as the pollination male parent with card woods, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Ladi, south-14;
16, be that pollination is maternal with N-183, with Buddhist Austria, Ke Ladi, card woods, to join many spirits be the pollination male parent;
17, being that pollination is maternal with N79, serves as the pollination male parent with Greece-1, Ke Ladi, Pa Kenika, Buddhist Austria;
18, being that pollination is maternal with Pa Kenika, serves as the male parent of pollinating to join many spirits, Greece-1, N-183;
19, be that pollination is maternal with Tunisia, with Pi Xiaoli, N-183, the He Jiwei male parent of pollinating;
20, Gus 27BA is maternal for pollination to the west of, with griggles, Pa Kenika, Ke Ladi, join many spirits, N-183 is the pollination male parent;
21, being that pollination is maternal with Ka Qiemula, serves as the pollination male parent to join many spirits, south-14, N-4, griggles, Pi Xiaoli, Ke Ladi, Buddhist Austria;
22, you serve as that pollination is maternal with the skin melon, serve as the pollination male parent with Pa Kenika, Buddhist Austria;
23, serve as that pollination is maternal with Greece-1, with Ke Ladi, N-14, He Ji, join many spirits, Pa Kenika is the pollination male parent;
24, being that pollination is maternal with N-14, serves as the pollination male parent with N-79, Fo Ao, Ka Qiemula;
25, serve as that pollination is maternal with lattice Lyons, with Greece-1, to join many spirits, Tunisia, He Ji, N-183 be the male parent of pollinating;
26, serve as for No. 14 that pollination is maternal with the Lay star, with Ke Ladi, Fo Ao, join many spirits, N-14 is the pollination male parent;
27, serving as that pollination is maternal with beautiful cicada 44, serves as the pollination male parent with Ke Ladi, Tunisia, He Ji, N-79, Greece-1;
28, serving as that pollination is maternal with Sdeoeliahu cord, serves as the pollination male parent with Ke Ladi, N-183;
29, being that pollination is maternal with Ke Niluo, serves as the pollination male parent with N-183, western Gus 27BA.
4. technology according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the maternal kind of pollination disposes one or more pollination male parent kinds simultaneously.
5. technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the maternal kind of pollination disposes one or more pollination male parent kinds simultaneously.
6. technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: when planting, and the multirow main breed of whenever planting configuration delegation pollinated variety, described pollinated variety is the combination of one or more pollination male parent kinds.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described technology, it is characterized in that: when planting, 3～5 row main breed configurations, the 1 row pollinated variety of whenever planting.
8. according to the arbitrary described technology of claim 7, it is characterized in that: be applicable to olive normal regions such as dry-hot valley area, China Jinsha jiang River, low valley floor, the mountains and rivers, white Dragon River, slope, the south of the Five Ridges, Xiqin band, area, upstream, river Han basin, slope, the south of the Five Ridges, Xiqin, area, river valley, Jia Lingjiang River, slope, the big bus south of the mountains, the Sichuan Basin, low valley floor, the mountains and rivers, Yangtze River Gorges band.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN106258312A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 青川县青源林农产品开发有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus oleae europaeae harvesting high-quality high-yield cultural method |
| CN109197345A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate |
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2010
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN106258312A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 青川县青源林农产品开发有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus oleae europaeae harvesting high-quality high-yield cultural method |
| CN109197345A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate |
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| CN101946695B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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