CN114831021B - Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of ornamental rape varieties suitable for miniature bonsais, which is characterized in that the cultivation method comprises the steps of hybridizing an ultra-short-stalk rape resource with other rape varieties to obtain descendants with ultra-short-stalk characters, continuously introducing pollen-free characters, compact plant characters, colored flower characters and the like through a hybridization breeding technology, and cultivating to obtain the miniature bonsai rape varieties with single or multiple character polymerization. The cultivation method can obtain rape varieties with the plant height of 15-20cm and capable of being planted in a miniature bonsai container, and meanwhile, the cultivation method can also have the advantages of color diversification, enrichment of ornamental content and various plant shapes, and improvement of ornamental effect; moreover, the method can also realize no pulverization of the flowers, avoid pollen allergy and face all people.

Description

Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop variety breeding, relates to the cross field of utilization of miniature bonsais and ornamental rapes, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of ornamental rapes suitable for miniature bonsais.

Background

Rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in China in the world. The rape planting area of China is about 1 hundred million mu throughout the year, the yield is about 1400 million tons, and both the rape planting area and the yield account for one fourth of the total area and the yield of the world. Rapeseed oil accounts for more than 50% of domestic vegetable oil in China, is an important component for the supply safety of a large number of agricultural products in China, and has a self-evident importance. Furthermore, in the background of rapid development of leisure agriculture in our country, with the intensive implementation of "double strategy" for oilseed rape (full-value chain exploration for each growth period of oilseed rape and full-industry chain development strategy for each value point) in the industry, oilseed rape has become a crop which has not only a single oil crop for the purpose of extracting oil, but also various functions such as oil (seed-extracting oil), vegetable (seedling of oilseed rape, young rape), feed (animal feed), fertilizer (green manure), ornamental (flower-viewing), honey and the like.

Currently, rape has already developed a good situation as an ornamental crop. From the point of view of the reason, the first is that the rape crop has natural ornamental advantages. Rape flowers are generally bright yellow, the flowers are bright and beautiful, and the visual effect of the flower color matched with green plants is pleasing to the eyes; when the rape flowers are just bloomed in spring every year and at the same time, common people live out when being hibernated, most other plants are not bloomed, and the rape flower sea just meets the ornamental requirements of people; the number of rape flowers is large, farmers spontaneously grow the rape flowers widely, and the flowers formed by the continuous large-scale planting have large sea vigor and high ornamental value; the color rape flowers researched and developed by scientific researchers are various in color and color, and the ornamental attribute of the rape is enhanced by further enriching the color and color. Secondly, the economy of China is rapidly developed, and the appeal of the common people to the good life is further improved. The pleasure is an important part of people's spiritual life, and the rape flowers cater to the spiritual demands of people for the pleasure. When the winter comes and the spring comes, the rape flower scenic spot becomes a net red victory for people to fight for card punching. Rape is used for leisure sightseeing agriculture in the whole country, and at present, china forms famous whole country famous rape flower sceneries such as Yunnan Luoping, jiangxi Wuyuan, jiangsu Xinghua, inner Mongolia Hulunebel, qinghai Yuan, xinjiang Yili and the like from south to north. The local rural economy is strongly pulled by the scenic spots, and the scenic spots become a model for the development of leisure agriculture, the integration of two and three products and the vogue of villages in China. In addition, regional rape flower ornamental scenic spots are formed in all rape main-production provinces, such as the northern Hubei Shayangyang rape flower scenic spot, the southern Jing International New Zealand rape flower scenic spot of Jiangsu, the Qianshanqiansheng Zhenyu rape flower scenic spot of Jiangsu Suzhou city, the Gaoyouhu rape flower scenic spot of Jiangsu Yangzhou city and the like, and the local famous atmosphere is obtained, so that the industrial driving effect is obvious. The fact proves that the sightseeing rape industry chain can become an engine for local economic development, and the power is favorable for rural areas.

In summary, the rape flower is used as an ornamental function, and has been scaled and presented with the function of an economic small engine in the industry; the rape flower has established psychological expectation in the heart of common people as a tourism element, and has a great amount of psychological demands in early spring every year, so that the rape flower has successfully become a new indispensable tourism element and state of affairs. At the same time, from the travel supply with rape flower as a theme, roughly the following small travel branches have been formed: the method comprises the steps of firstly, planting rape flowers in a large scale in a scenic spot; secondly, creative patterns formed by rape varieties with different colors are formed; thirdly, various creative patterns are formed by matching rape flowers with crops (such as wheat) in the same season; and fourthly, the flower arrangement art is created by the rape flower and other green plants through literary creation. Through the development of about five years, the tourism small-statues are deeply conscious and have great development, but from the period of aesthetic fatigue of people, leisure tourism elements taking rape flowers as basic elements are continuously developed, and the tourism small-statues are the inevitable urgent requirements of long-term stable development of rape flower tourism.

The bonsai is one of excellent traditional Chinese arts; is an artwork which takes plants or mountain stones as basic materials and presents natural landscapes in a pot. According to the size of the basin, the basin can be divided into large, medium, small and micro sizes. The miniature potted landscape, also called pocket potted landscape, has the features of small volume and light weight, and is artistic product for decorating rooms and gardens. The miniature bonsai pot is small, the cultivation height of the plant is generally within 10-15cm, and meanwhile, the proportion of branches, trunks and leaves is also considered, so that the selected plant has the characteristics of strong and handsome branches, short and dense branches and the like. The traditional miniature potted plant is selected from herba Serissae Japonicae, radix Hemsleyae Macrospermae, ramulus Buxi Sinicae, and herba Phyllostachydis Henonis, or herba Selaginellae Doederleinii, and radix Et caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi (slow friend, modern agriculture technology, 2011 (1): 228-230). By combining the characteristics of the prior miniature bonsai, the following can be seen: (1) The existing miniature bonsai mainly takes the vegetative organs (branches, stems and leaves) of plants as appreciation objects, and hardly relates to the reproductive organs (flowers and fruits) of the plants; (2) There is no report that the crop is used as the object for utilizing the miniature bonsai, so that the miniature bonsai is constructed by utilizing crop plants or the blank field of landscape art is created by the crop plants.

Flowers have both broad and narrow meanings in the aspect of range. In narrow sense, flowers refer to ornamental herbaceous plants, such as impatiens balsamina, chrysanthemum, scarlet sage herb, cockscomb flower, and the like; in a broad sense, flowers include herbaceous or woody ground cover plants, flowers and shrubs, flowering trees, bonsais and the like besides herbaceous plants with ornamental value, such as radix ophiopogonis, sedum, bush-growing happiness and position ground cover plants, plum blossom, peach blossom, chinese rose, camellia and other trees, flowers and shrubs and the like.

The bonsai is made of flowers, generally refers to narrowly defined flowers, namely, the flowers belong to herbaceous plants, and the narrowly defined flowers are basically angiosperms, have self-reproduction capability, can bloom, pollinate and then seed. The miniature bonsai is generally viewed indoors, for example, flowers are adopted to manufacture the miniature bonsai, and pollen is generated when the miniature bonsai blooms, which is a hard injury to audiences with pollen allergy. It is understood that in recent years, people suffering from pollen allergy are increasing, and allergic cases occur from 4-month infants to old people over 60 years old, and the number of people suffering from pollen allergy is estimated to exceed 2 hundred million. In view of the characteristics of indoor appreciation scenes of miniature bonsai rape, cultivation of pollenless miniature bonsai flower varieties becomes a potential demand. However, there is no miniature bonsai flower variety without pollen.

Since the miniature bonsai can be made of plants as the basic material, is the rape as an ornamental plant, and can be made into the miniature bonsai? What are the difficulties of planting flower bonsais on the field rapes, although the ornamental rapes are still in the field as long as the ornamental rapes are in good fire development at present? At present, the field rape cannot become a miniature bonsai, and the main reasons are as follows: (1) The field rape is tall and big, generally more than 1.7 meters, and the miniature bonsai can not be placed at all; (2) The biomass of the overground part of the field rape is extremely large, and the field rape cannot grow naturally and vertically only by using pot soil; and (3) the field rape does not have the aesthetic feeling of a miniature bonsai. In a word, the biological characteristics of the field rape varieties do not have the potential of forming miniature bonsais. This can only be achieved by establishing a new method for cultivating ornamental rape varieties.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the most basic technical problem that the volume of a single rape plant is changed to be super-small by introducing the super-short stalk character, and the requirement of a miniature bonsai is met.

The invention also aims to solve the technical problem that the colors of the minitype rape are diversified by introducing the characters of colored petals on the basis of the short stalk.

The invention also aims to solve the technical problem that the flowering period of the rape is prolonged by introducing the compact plant type slow flowering character on the basis of the short stalk, so that the potted rape has longer ornamental time.

The invention also aims to solve the technical problem that the male sterility character is introduced on the basis of the short stalk so that the rape pollen completely disappears to obtain the sterile line short stalk rape.

The technical problems to be solved by the present invention may include at least one or more of the above problems.

The invention finally solves the technical problem that the rape with the characters of color, sterile line, compact plant type and slow flowering is introduced on the basis of short stems and the like, and finally the rape with the characters of tiny single plant, no pollen, colorful petals and long flowering period is cultivated to form an ornamental rape variety, which is suitable for manufacturing miniature bonsais.

In conclusion, the invention creates a new application field of ornamental rapes, namely the field of miniature rape bonsais. The invention creates a new breeding method suitable for cultivating miniature bonsai rape varieties. The new variety of the minitype rape cultivated by the method can be used for minitype rape bonsais, so that a new type and a new state of rape flower ornamental function are created, the sustainable healthy and stable development of rape flower tourism is enhanced, the diversified trends and demands of the common people for good life are met, and the tourism economy and the rape industry development are assisted.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a cultivation method of ornamental rape varieties suitable for miniature bonsais, which is characterized in that ultra-short-stalk rape resources are hybridized with other rape varieties to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds, and then the short-stalk F1 seeds are subjected to conventional cultivation or are hybridized with other rape varieties.

Wherein the other rape varieties comprise one or more of conventional rape, colorful flower rape germplasm resources, compact plant type slow flowering resources or other sterile line rape resources.

The ornamental rape varieties suitable for the miniature bonsai comprise ultra-short-stem miniature bonsai rape varieties, colored flower miniature bonsai rape varieties, compact plant type slow-flowering miniature colored flower miniature bonsai rape varieties, pollenless compact slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape varieties or pollenless compact slow-flowering miniature colored flower rape varieties.

The method for cultivating the ultra-short miniature bonsai rape varieties specifically comprises the following steps:

a1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources are hybridized with conventional rape varieties to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds;

a2 Seeding the dwarf F1 seeds as female parent, backcrossing with the ultra-short rape resources in the flowering period to obtain BC1 seeds;

a3 Sowing BC1 seeds, pulling out single plants with the plant height higher than 50cm at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing at the flowering stage, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short-stalk rape at the mature stage to mix and harvest seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

a4 Sowing BC1F2 seeds, adopting an indoor generation-adding planting mode, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short stalk rape at the initial flowering stage to mix and harvest the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

a5 Seed BC1F3, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short stalk rape (the consistent meaning in the invention is the same, the same below), bagging, selfing and mixing to obtain the ultra-short stalk miniature bonsai rape variety.

The cultivation method of the miniature color flower bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

b1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources are hybridized with colorful flower rape germplasm resources to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds;

b2 Sowing dwarf F1 seeds according to an indoor generation-adding method, selecting single plants with wrinkled leaves and varied petal colors as female parents in a seedling stage, and hybridizing with colorful rape germplasm resources to obtain BC1 seeds;

b3 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk resources at the flowering season, selecting single plants with the color consistent with the corresponding parent petals at the flowering season, bagging and selfing the single plants, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resources at the mature period to mix and harvest seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

b4 Sowing BC1F2 seeds, selecting single plants with the color basically consistent with the color of corresponding parent petals in a flowering phase, bagging and selfing, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short stalk rape in a mature period, and mixing and harvesting the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

b5 BC1F3 seeds are sown, single plants with the same color as the corresponding parent petals are selected in the flowering phase to be bagged and selfed, and single plants with the plant height consistent with the super-short-stalk rape resource are selected in the mature phase to be mixed and harvested, so that the colorful bonsai rape variety is obtained.

The method for cultivating the compact plant type slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

c1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources and compact-plant slow-flowering germplasm resources are hybridized to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds;

c2 B) after the low-stalk F1 seeds are planted, hybridizing the single F1 plant serving as a female parent and the compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resource serving as a male parent in an initial flowering period to obtain BC1 seeds;

c3 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with the plant height basically consistent with the ultra-short stalk resources and the branching characteristics consistent with the compact slow-flowering germplasm resources at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with (same as) the ultra-short stalk rape resources at the mature stage to mix and harvest seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

c4 Seed BC1F2, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics basically consistent with the characteristics of compact slow-flowering germplasm resources in the bolting period, bagging and selfing the single plant, and selecting a single plant with the highest plant height consistent with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources in the maturation period to mix and harvest the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

c5 BC1F3 seeds are sown, single plants with branching characteristics consistent with (same as) the characteristics of compact slow-flowering germplasm resources are selected in a bolting period for bagging selfing, and single plants with plant heights consistent with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources are selected in a maturation period for mixed seed harvesting, so that the compact slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety is obtained.

The method for cultivating the compact slow-flowering miniature colored flower bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

d1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources and compact-plant slow-flowering germplasm resources are hybridized to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds;

d2 After the short-stalk F1 seeds are planted, an F1 single plant is taken as a female parent in the initial flowering period, and three colorful flower rape germplasm resources are respectively taken as male parents for hybridization to obtain three-way cross F1 seeds;

d3 Sowing triple-crossed F1 seeds, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk resource and the branching characteristic basically consistent with the compact slow-flowering germplasm resource at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resource at the maturation stage, and mixing and harvesting seeds according to flower color sources to obtain F2 seeds of each flower color;

d4 Sowing F2 seeds, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics consistent with those of compact slow-flowering germplasm resources at a bolting stage, selecting a single plant which is basically consistent with those of corresponding flower parent at an initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plant, and selecting a single plant with plant height consistent with (same as) that of the ultra-short rape resources at a mature stage to mix and harvest the seeds to obtain F3 seeds;

d5 Sowing F3 seeds, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics consistent with compact slow-flowering germplasm resource characteristics at the bolting stage, selecting a single plant with flower colors basically consistent with corresponding parent flower colors at the initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plant, and selecting a single plant with plant height basically consistent with the ultra-short-stalk rape resource at the mature stage to mix and harvest seeds to obtain F4 seeds;

d6 Continuously planting for 1-2 generations, selecting single plants with branching characteristics consistent with compact slow-flowering germplasm resources in a bolting stage, selecting single plants with consistent flower colors with corresponding parent flower colors in an initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing, and selecting single plants with consistent plant heights with ultra-short-stalk rape resources in a mature stage to mix and harvest seeds; thus obtaining the compact slow-flowering miniature miniascape rape with colorful flowers.

The method for cultivating the pollenless miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

e1 Ultra-short-stalk rape germplasm resources as male parents are hybridized with sterile line rape germplasm resources to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds;

e2 After the dwarf F1 seeds are planted, selecting single plants with shrunken leaves in the seedling stage, selecting sterile single plants in the initial flowering stage to continue to hybridize with the super-short rape serving as a male parent to obtain BC1 seeds;

e3 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with shrunken leaves in the seedling stage, selecting sterile single plants in the initial flowering stage to continue to hybridize with the germplasm resources of the ultra-short-stalk rape serving as a male parent, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with that of the ultra-short-stalk rape in the mature stage to obtain BC2 seeds;

e4 Sowing the seeds of the previous generation, and continuing to perform 2-3 generations according to the step E3 to obtain the backcross seeds of the advanced generation, namely the pollen-free miniature bonsai rape variety.

The method for cultivating the pollen-free compact plant type slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

f1 Hybridizing sterile line rape germplasm resources with the compact slow flowering rape germplasm resources to obtain single cross F1;

f2 After single cross F1 seeds are planted, sterile single plants are selected in the initial flowering period to be hybridized with the ultra-short stalk rape resources to obtain three-way cross F1 seeds;

f3 Sowing three-way cross F1 seeds, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with the branch habit consistent with that of compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering stage, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short rape resource, selecting a single plant with the plant height consistent with that of the ultra-short rape resource in the mature stage, and mixing to obtain BC1 seeds;

f4 Seed BC1 is sowed, pollen-free sterile single plants with basically consistent branching habits with compact slow-flowering rape are selected in the initial flowering stage, backcross with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources is continued, single plants with consistent plant heights with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources are selected in the mature stage, and BC2 seeds are obtained by mixing;

f5 Seed BC2, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with the branching habit consistent with that of compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering period, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short-stalk rape, selecting a single plant with the ultra-short-stalk rape plant height basically consistent in the mature period, and mixing to obtain BC3 seed;

f6 Sowing the previous generation of seeds, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with the branching habit consistent with that of compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering period, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short-stalk rape resource, selecting a single plant with the ultra-short-stalk rape plant height consistent with that of the mature period, and mixing and harvesting to obtain BC4 seeds;

f7 BC4 seeds are sown, and the steps are carried out for 1-3 generations according to the step F6, so that high-generation backcross seeds, namely the pollen-free compact miniature bonsai rape variety, can be obtained.

The method for cultivating the pollen-free compact plant type slow-flowering miniature colored flower bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

g1 Hybridizing sterile line rape germplasm resources with the compact slow flowering rape germplasm resources to obtain single cross F1;

g2 After single cross F1 seeds are planted, sterile single plants are selected in the initial flowering period to be hybridized with colorful rape germplasm resources to obtain three-cross F1 seeds;

g3 Seed three-way crossing F1 seed, selecting sterile single plant in the initial flowering period to cross with super-short-stalk rape resource to obtain four-way crossing F1 seed;

g4 Seed four-way crossing F1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with basically consistent branching habits and plant-gathering type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility with consistent color flower resources at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with the ultra-short rape resources, and harvesting the seeds in a mixed manner to obtain BC1 seeds;

g5 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with branching habits consistent with compact plant type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility basically consistent with colored flower resources at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with the ultra-short rape resources, and mixing and harvesting seeds to obtain BC2 seeds;

g6 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with consistent branching habits and compact plant type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility with consistent color flower resources at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources, selecting single plants with consistent plant heights of the ultra-short-stalk rape resources at the mature stage, and mixing and harvesting to obtain BC3 seeds;

g7 BC3 seeds are sown, and the generation is continued for 1-3 generations according to the step G6, so that high-generation backcross seeds, namely the pollen-free compact slow-flowering miniature color bonsai rape variety, can be obtained.

Wherein, the super dwarf rape resource includes but not limited to dwarf source No. 1.

Wherein, the conventional rape includes but is not limited to Zhongshuang No. 11 or Ningyou No. 22; the colorful rape flower germplasm resources comprise but are not limited to a white flower resource J328, a golden flower resource 97088 or a purple flower germplasm resource Chuanchai No. 5; the different branch type rape resources comprise but are not limited to common dwarf germplasm resources DW871; the other sterile line rape resources include but are not limited to the radish sterile line H28A.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the product is miniaturized and is suitable for being made into miniature bonsais. Through inquiry, no report that the rape is used for the miniature bonsai is found by the date of application. By searching a large number of rape research results published in the prior art, the special characteristics of special rape germplasm resources are determined, and by introducing the ultra-short stalk characteristics, the biomass of single rape plants is greatly reduced, namely, the single common rape plants are reduced, the plant height is 15-20cm, and the rapes can be planted in a miniature bonsai container.

2. The color is diversified, and the ornamental content is enriched. By utilizing the existing colorful rape resources and introducing the colorful petal characters of the rape, the flowers of the miniature potted rape can be in multiple colors of purple, light purple, white, orange and the like, and the ornamental content of the miniature potted rape is enriched.

3. The plant type has various postures, and the ornamental effect is improved. By introducing the rape specific plant types, mainly main branch types, multi-branch types and the like, when the miniature bonsai rape blooms after branching, the flowers on the branches integrally present different postures, and the ornamental effect is improved.

4. The flowers are not pulverized, pollen allergy is avoided, and the flower fragrance type pollen spraying agent is suitable for all people. Pollen allergy refers to the manifestation of allergy to the respiratory tract and eyes in a specific individual caused by pollen allergy. The wind-borne flowers in nature generally have high pollen yield, small volume and light weight, are easy to spread by wind power, and are the main factors causing pollinosis. The rape is both insect-borne flower and wind-borne flower. As rape is a main oil crop in China and has a large planting area, rape pollen is also a great cause of pollen allergy. By introducing the special male sterility character of the rape, stamens do not develop or abortive under the condition that the miniature bonsai rape flowers normally bloom and keep the normal flower ornamental effect, so that the miniature bonsai rape flowers do not produce pollen, the trouble that people are stimulated by the pollen to produce allergic symptoms when appreciating the miniature bonsai rape is avoided, and the miniature bonsai rape can be oriented to all ornamental people.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a miniature bonsai rape variety with loose ultra-short stalk trait branches cultivated in example 2.

FIG. 2 shows the compact golden yellow miniascape rape cultivars cultivated in example 5.

FIG. 3 shows the compact white miniascape rape cultivars cultivated in example 5.

FIG. 4 shows compact purple miniascape rape cultivars cultivated according to example 5.

Fig. 5 is a scene diagram of the miniature bonsai applied to an office.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail by the following specific examples, but it should be noted that the following examples are only used for describing the content of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The experimental methods in the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to the conventional procedures, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available.

Example 1 search and determination of traits required for miniature bonsai rape variety cultivation

The miniature potted rape has short rape plant. From the current situation of traditional breeding technology and rape germplasm resource research, the rape dwarf straw resources are relatively rich. Through a Pubmed entrance in an NCBI website (https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /), searching by using 'Brassica napus' + 'dwarf' as a keyword to obtain 67 literature discovery results, downloading the literature and reading each literature, searching literature resources of the rape dwarf mutant about 20cm, and discovering that only three literature discovery results are respectively Cheng et al.BMC Plant Biology 2019:500; zhao et al, therapeutic and Applied Genetics (2019, 132; zheng et al plant Cell reports (2019, 38. Further, the research results show that the research materials and the character control genes of the latter two articles are the same, which indicates that the two articles use the same rape resource. In addition, as can be seen by comparing the rape resource images in the first and second cases, the "dwarf source No. 1" rape resource used in the second case is more branched than the "G7" rape resource used in the first case, and the phenotype is more suitable for miniascape rape cultivation. As can be seen from the second text, the source of the resource dwarf rape No. 1 is the agricultural academy of sciences of Jiangsu province of the patent application unit, and published papers (Puhuiming, chiffon, fu shou Zhong, cabbage type rape "dwarf No. 1" identification and research first newspaper, crop variety resource, 1995, (1): 23-24) were published in 1995, so that the cultivation of miniascape rape No. 1 (the source is based on the 1995 literature) was used.

Example 2 cultivation Process of miniature potted landscape (ultra-short stalk) rape variety

In the flowering phase of 2018, the double No. 11 (Country oil 2008030) and Ningyou No. 22 (Su examine oil 201403) in the conventional rape varieties are respectively used as female parents to be hybridized with the ultra-short-stalk rape resource dwarf source No. 1 (Puhuiming and the like, crop variety resources, 1995, (1): 23-24) to obtain two F1 seeds (called ultra-short-stalk F1). And planting the ultra-short stems F1, the short source No. 1 and the like in 6 months in 2018 in an indoor generation-adding planting mode. An indoor generation-adding planting mode specifically comprises the following steps: the seeds are vernalized immediately after sprouting in a culture dish (30 days at 4 ℃), then planted in nutrition pots with the side length of 10 cm (one seedling in each pot) and grown to three leaves, then the seedlings with the whole soil are taken out from the nutrition pots and transplanted into a large circular pot with the diameter of 30 cm to continue growing until blooming, fructification and harvest. Note that: when the seedlings grow to the three-leaf stage, selecting the seedlings with the shrunken leaves, transplanting the seedlings to a large pot, pollinating pollen of No. 1 with dwarf sources when the seedlings grow to the initial flowering stage, and bagging after pollination. After maturation period, BC1 seeds were harvested. The BC1 seeds are planted according to a field planting mode. The field planting mode specifically comprises the following steps: germinating in a culture dish, vernalizing, sowing in 50-hole trays (1 seed in each hole) to grow to three leaves, transplanting seedlings into a field (the row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm), spending a flowering period, an initial flowering period, a fruiting angle period and a mature period in the field, and finally harvesting the seeds. Note that: for the ultra-short-stalk rape, the seedling stage is actually indicated, namely, the leaves are shriveled, namely, the single plants with the ultra-short-stalk property are obtained. And selecting single plants with shrinkage leaves in the three-leaf stage and transplanting the single plants to a field. And (3) pulling out a single plant with the plant height higher than 50cm in the young sprout period of the plant in 2019 in 3 months, covering the remaining single plant with a net for selfing, selecting 10 single plants with the plant height consistent with the short source No. 1 in the mature period, harvesting seeds, and mixing to obtain BC1F2 seeds. In 6 months of 2019, an indoor planting mode is adopted, after seedlings with shrunken leaves are selected in a three-leaf period and transplanted, single plants with the plant height consistent with the dwarf source No. 1 are selected in an initial flowering period for selfing, and selfed seeds BC1F3 are obtained in a mixed mode. And in 2019, in 10 months, selecting seedlings with shrunken leaves in a three-leaf period to transplant to a field according to a field planting mode. In the early flowering stage of 3 months in 2020, 2 plant rows with the plant height of 15-20cm are obtained by screening, the phenotype of each single plant in the plant rows is consistent, and then 3 single plants in the plant rows are selected and bagged for selfing to obtain seeds, namely the strains with the ultra-short stalk character, namely the miniature bonsai rape varieties. Referring to fig. 1, the cultivated successfully miniature bonsai rape has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, yellow flower and branches are loose.

Example 3 cultivation Process of color bonsai rape variety

While the common miniature potted rape is cultivated, purple flower germplasm resources (Chuanchai No. 5) of the rape are introduced, and white flower resources J328 and golden flower resources 97088 (Zhangjifu, etc., chinese oil plant bulletin 2000, 22 (3): 1-4) are taken out from a seed bank. In 2018, in 3 months, three F1 s are obtained by hybridization by taking the dwarf No. 1 as a female parent and taking the Chuanchai No. 5, J328 and 97088 as male parents respectively. And planting three F1 and three colored flower parents and the like in 6 months in 2018 according to an indoor generational planting mode. Selecting a single plant with wrinkled leaves in a three-leaf period, carrying out backcross with three colored flower parents by taking the F1 single plant as a female parent in an initial flowering period, and harvesting BC1 seeds in a mature period. And planting BC1 generation in 2018 in 10 months according to a field planting mode. In the growth process, selecting a single plant with wrinkled and shrunken leaves in the three-leaf period and transplanting the single plant to a field, selecting a single plant with the uprooted plant height higher than 50 centimeters in the bud bolt period, and selecting a single plant with the color similar to that of a corresponding parent petal in the initial flowering period and bagging for selfing. At this time, note that: the display degree of the possible petal colors of the offspring individual plants of the colored flower resources is not as deep as that of the parents, but the colors of the corresponding parents can be seen by naked eyes, and simultaneously, the colors are obviously different from the original yellow flowers, and the difference degree of the colors can be completely distinguished by the naked eyes. And selecting the obtained individual selfed seeds according to different color sources, mixing, and obtaining BC1F2 generation in 2019 and 5 months. And 6 months in 2019, the cultivation is carried out according to an indoor generational planting mode. And selecting single plants with wrinkled leaves in the three-leaf stage, transplanting the single plants into a large pot, selecting single plants with the same color as petals of corresponding parents in the initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plants, harvesting selfed seeds, and mixing the single plants with the same color source to obtain the BC1F3 generation. And planting in 2019 and 10 months according to a field planting mode. Note that after selecting a single plant with wrinkled leaves in the three-leaf period, selecting a single plant with the plant height of about 15cm in the bolting period, and selecting a single plant consistent with a corresponding flower parent in the initial flowering period for bagging and selfing. And (4) after the seeds are harvested, continuously screening the next generation of single plant flower color. By 3 months at 2021, miniature bonsai rape varieties which are stable and have plant heights of purple, white and orange petals and are 15-20cm have been screened. The color miniature bonsai rape has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, and the flower color is three: purple, white and orange, with loose branches.

Example 4 cultivation of compact plant type Slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape cultivars

The applicant observes in the communication of the industry that a common dwarf germplasm resource DW871 (Rojing, et al, chinese oil crop academic newspaper, 2022, 44 (1): 14-24) is provided, the resource is identified by planting after the introduction of the unit, and the resource is found to have some characteristics suitable for appreciation through two-year planting observation: (1) When the main shaft of the common rape and adjacent branches (an inverted branch, an inverted branch and the like) bloom, the height of the main shaft and the height of the adjacent branches are obviously different, but the DW871 phenotype is different, the height difference between the main shaft and the adjacent branches is not large, and different branches are close to each other and are expressed as compact plants; (2) The common rape is generally characterized in that a main shaft inflorescence firstly blossoms and then the main shaft begins to rapidly extend, flowers bloom at the same time, but DW871 is characterized in that the main shaft or adjacent branches rapidly extend firstly and then buds bloom from bottom to top, the flowering speed is obviously slower than that of the common rape, and the flowers bloom slowly. We call the above characteristic properties compact slow flowering characteristics, while we consider the branched nature of DW871 as ornamental. Therefore, the characteristics of the emerging branches are determined to be transferred into potted rape. In the 3-month flowering period in 2018, dwarf source No. 1 is taken as a female parent, and DW871 is taken as a male parent to obtain F1 seeds by hybridization. And in 6 months in 2018, selecting a single plant with shrunken leaves in a trefoil stage according to an indoor generational planting mode, and taking the single plant as a female parent to continue backcrossing with DW871 to obtain BC1 seeds. And adopting a field planting mode in 2018 and 10 months to obtain 250 seedlings, and after the seedlings grow to three leaves, selecting single plants with all shrunken leaves and transplanting the single plants to the field. And (3) removing single plants with the plant height higher than 50cm in the early flowering phase of 3 months in 2019, selecting 21 single plants with similar branching characteristics with DW871, bagging, selfing to obtain selfed seeds, and mixing the single plant seeds to obtain BC1F2 generation. And in 6 months in 2019, sowing 100 seeds in each selfing single plant seed of the previous generation according to an indoor cultivation planting mode, selecting a shrunken leaf single plant in a three-leaf period, continuously screening single plants with similar branching characteristics to the DW871 in an initial flowering period, bagging, selfing, harvesting the selfing seeds, and mixing to obtain BC1F3 generation seeds. In 10 months in 2019, according to a field planting mode, 500 seedlings are grown in a plug seedling manner, after single plants with shrinkage leaves are selected in a three-leaf period, single plants with the same branching characteristics as DW871 are selected in an initial flowering period and bagged for selfing, single plants with the plant height of 15-20cm are selected in a mature period, 5 optimal single plants are obtained in total, and the five single plants are mixed to obtain single plant seeds, so that the compact slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety is obtained. The compact miniature bonsai rape has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, the flower is yellow, the branch spacing is small, the flowering is relatively slow, and the plant type is integrally compact in vision.

Example 5 cultivation of compact slowly flowering miniature miniascape rape cultivars with colored flowers

In 6 months in 2018, by taking a hybrid F1 (example 5) taking dwarf source No. 1 and DW871 as parents as female parents and purple flower resources Chuancheng No. 5, white flower resources J328, golden flower resources 97088 and the like as male parents respectively, and adopting an indoor generation-adding planting mode, selecting a single plant with a shrunken leaf in a three-leaf period, and hybridizing in the flowering period respectively to obtain three triple-crossed F1 seeds. Seeds in the last season are planted in 10 months in 2018, and planting is carried out according to a field planting mode. And selecting single plants with shrunken leaves in the three-leaf period, transplanting the single plants to a field, selecting single plants with the same slow flowering characteristics as the DW871 compact plants in the 2-month flowering period in 2019, and selecting single plants with the same colors as the corresponding parent petals in the early flowering period in 2019 in 3 months for bagging and selfing to obtain F2 seeds. At this time, note that: the display degree of the possible petal colors of the offspring individual plants of the colored flower resources is not as deep as that of the parents, but the colors of the corresponding parents can be seen by naked eyes, and meanwhile, the offspring individual plants are obviously different from the original yellow flowers, and the difference degree of the colors can be completely distinguished by the naked eyes. And continuously planting seeds according to an indoor planting mode in 6 months in 2019 according to the single plant harvest of the previous generation, and planting 200 plants in each single plant of the previous generation. And selecting a single plant with crimped leaves in the trefoil stage, selecting a single plant with the branching habit consistent with DW871 and the petal color consistent with respective corresponding parent in the initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plant, and harvesting F3 seeds. And in 2019 and 10 months, continuing planting according to a field mode, namely: sowing seeds of each strain in a 50-hole plug, transplanting the seeds into a field after the seeds grow to three leaves in the plug, wherein the row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm. Selecting a plant with shrunken leaves in the three-leaf stage, selecting a single plant with branching habit basically consistent with DW871 and petal color basically consistent with each corresponding parent in the early flowering stage of 3 months in 2020, bagging and selfing, and harvesting F4 seeds. And in 6 months in 2020, screening single plants according to an indoor planting mode in the same selection mode, bagging and selfing to obtain F5 seeds. Selecting a plant with shrunken leaves in the three-leaf stage according to a field planting mode in 10 months in 2020, selecting a single plant with branching habit consistent with DW871, petal color consistent with corresponding parent and plant height of 15-20cm in the early flowering stage in 3 months in 2021, bagging and selfing, and harvesting F6 seeds in a mixed mode. Thus obtaining the compact slow-flowering miniature potted landscape rape variety with colorful flowers (white flowers, golden flowers and purple flowers). The compact type color miniature bonsai rape has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, and the flower color is three: golden, white, purple, less inter-branch spacing, relatively slow flowering, and overall visual compactness (see fig. 2, 3, and 4).

Example 6 cultivation of Mini potted rape with pollens

The applicant introduced radish sterile line H28A (Chen Wei Jiang, etc., china agricultural science, 2012, 45 (8): 1465-1474) of the industry cooperative unit in the early period, and the male stamen of the sterile line has complete abortion and does not have any pollen at all. H28A is taken as a female parent in the spring flowering phase of 2015, and the super-short-stalk rape resource dwarf source No. 1 is taken as a male parent to carry out hybridization to obtain F1. Planting F1 seeds and dwarf source No. 1 in an indoor generation-adding planting mode in 6 months of 2015. In the trefoil stage, a single plant with shrunken leaves is selected, pollen of dwarf source No. 1 is fertilized, and BC1 seeds are harvested by bagging after hybridization. And (3) planting the BC1 seeds in 10 months in 2015 according to a field planting mode, selecting 49 single plants with shrinkage leaves in the three-leaf period to be transplanted to a field, selecting single plants with the plant height higher than 50cm in the budding period, selecting 10 sterile single plants with the plant height consistent with the short source No. 1 to continue backcrossing with the short source No. 1, and selecting 3 single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape in the mature period to obtain BC2 seeds. And (4) continuously backcrossing for two generations according to the steps to obtain BC4 seeds in 2017, namely the pollen-free rape variety with the plant height of 15-20cm, namely the pollen-free miniature bonsai rape variety. The pollen-free miniature bonsai rape has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, the petals are yellow, stamens are wholly degenerated in the flowering period, no pollen exists, and the branches are loose.

Example 7 compact bonsai rape cultivar cultivation with pollenless

The applicant introduces radish sterile line H28A (Chen Wei Jiang, etc., china agricultural science, 2012, 45 (8): 1465-1474) of an industry cooperative unit in the early period, takes the H28A as a female parent in the spring flowering phase of 2017, and takes a compact introduction resource DW871 (Rojing, etc., china oil crop academic newspaper, 2022, 44 (1): 14-24) as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain F1.

And in 6 months of 2017, adopting an indoor generation-adding planting mode to plant the previous generation F1 (serving as a female parent) and the super-short-stalk rape resource dwarf source No. 1 (serving as a male parent) to perform hybridization to obtain the triple-hybrid F1.

And in 2017, in 10 months, planting in a field planting mode. During planting, the number of basic seedlings is as many as possible, 600 seedlings are obtained, single plants with no shrinkage on leaves are removed during three-leaf stage transplanting, 10 pollen-free sterile single plants with branching habits consistent with DW871 are selected at the initial flowering stage, the pollen-free sterile single plants are continuously hybridized with dwarf source No. 1 (serving as male parents), the hybrid plants are compared with the DW871 types again at the mature stage, 5 single plants with branching habits consistent with DW871 are screened, and the hybrid plants are mixed to obtain BC1 seeds.

In 2018, in 6 months, the method is carried out by adopting an indoor generational planting method. Sowing 500 seeds harvested in the previous generation into a small pot, selecting single plants with shrunken leaves to transplant into a large nutrition pot during the trefoil period, selecting single plants with basically consistent branching habits and DW871 and consistent plant height with dwarf No. 1 during the early flowering period, checking fertility during the early flowering period, selecting 10 single plants without pollen as female parents, hybridizing with the dwarf No. 1 to obtain hybrid seeds, comparing the plant height with the dwarf No. 1 during the mature period, screening 5 single plants with consistent plant height with the dwarf No. 1, and mixing and harvesting to obtain BC2 seeds.

And planting in a field planting mode in 2018 and 10 months. According to the previous generation program, selecting a single plant with shrunken leaves to transplant into a field in the trefoil stage, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with consistent branching habit with DW871 in the bolting stage and the early flowering stage, continuously backcrossing with dwarf No. 1, selecting 6 single plants with consistent height with the dwarf No. 1 plant in the angulus setting stage in 2019 month, and combining to harvest BC3 seeds.

In 2019, in 6 months, the cultivation is carried out by adopting an indoor generational planting method. Sowing 500 seeds harvested in the previous generation into a small pot, selecting a single plant with a shrunken leaf to be transplanted into a large nutrition pot in the trefoil period, selecting 10 pollenless sterile single plants with consistent branching habit with DW871 branching habit and plant height with dwarf source No. 1 as female parents in the initial flowering period, continuously hybridizing with dwarf source No. 1 to obtain hybrid seeds, comparing with the height of dwarf source No. 1 in the mature period, screening 6 single plants with consistent plant height with dwarf source No. 1, mixing and harvesting to obtain BC4 seeds, namely the pollenless compact bonsai rape varieties. The rape variety has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, the flower is yellow, stamens in the flowering period are degraded integrally, no pollen exists, the branch spacing is small, and the whole vision is compact.

Example 8 cultivation of compact colored miniascape rape varieties with pollenless

The applicant introduces radish sterile line H28A (Chen Wei Jiang, etc., china agricultural science, 2012, 45 (8): 1465-1474) of an industry cooperative unit in the early period, takes the H28A as a female parent in the spring flowering phase of 2017, and takes a compact introduced resource DW871 (Rojing, etc., chinese oil crop academy 2022, 44 (1): 14-24) as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain F1.

F (used as a female parent) 1 and three colorful rape germplasm resources (purple flower resource Chuanchai No. 5, white flower resource J328 and golden flower resource 97088) are respectively hybridized by adopting an indoor generational planting mode in 6 months in 2017 to obtain a triple-cross F1.

And planting in a field planting mode in 2017 and 10 months. During planting, the number of basic seedlings is as many as possible, 600 seedlings are obtained, a single plant with branching habit consistent with DW871 is selected in the bolting stage, and the four-way cross F1 is obtained by hybridizing the single plant with super-short-stalk rape resource dwarf source No. 1 (serving as a male parent) in the initial flowering stage.

And 6, in 2018, planting in an indoor generation-adding planting mode, wherein planting materials comprise three progeny seeds from flower color sources and dwarf source No. 1. Selecting single plants with shriveled leaves in the trefoil stage, selecting single plants with basically consistent branching habits with DW871 in the bolting stage, selecting pollen-free sterile single plants with consistent parents corresponding to flower colors in the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with dwarf source No. 1, and harvesting seeds of 5 progeny pollen-free single plants of three flower color sources respectively and then mixing to obtain BC1 seeds.

And a field planting mode is adopted in 2018 and 10 months. Continuously planting three flower color source seeds and dwarf source No. 1, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves in the trefoil stage, then selecting single plants with branching habits consistent with DW871 in the bolting stage, then selecting pollenless sterile single plants with flower colors basically consistent with corresponding colored flower parents in the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with the dwarf source No. 1, and respectively harvesting 5 progeny pollenless single plants from the three flower color sources after harvesting seeds to obtain BC2 seeds.

An indoor generation-adding planting mode is adopted in 6 months in 2019. Continuously planting three flower color source seeds and dwarf-source No. 1, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves in the trefoil stage, then selecting single plants with branching habits consistent with DW871 in the bolting stage, then selecting pollen-free sterile single plants with flower colors consistent with corresponding color flower parents in the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with dwarf-source No. 1, selecting the optimal single plants with ultra-short-stalk rape plants consistent in height, mixing and harvesting to obtain BC3 seeds;

and a field planting mode is adopted in 2019 and 10 months. Continuously planting three flower color source seeds and dwarf source No. 1, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves in the trefoil stage, then selecting single plants with the branch habit consistent with DW871 in the bolting stage, then selecting pollen-free sterile single plants with the flower color consistent with corresponding color flower parents in the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with dwarf source No. 1, selecting the optimal single plants with the ultra-short-stalk rape plants consistent in height, mixing and harvesting to obtain BC4 seeds, and thus obtaining the pollen-free compact color bonsai rape variety. The rape variety has the following characteristics: the plant height is 15-20cm, and the flower color is three: purple, white and orange, the stamens are wholly degenerated in the flowering period, no pollen exists, the distance between branches is small, and the whole vision is compact.

In conclusion, the invention introduces the ornamental rape into the artistic field of miniature bonsais, opens up a new field of application of the ornamental rape, and can be applied to a plurality of scenes (such as office application, and figure 5) to fill the blank that no crops are used as ornamental elements in the field of miniature bonsais. Under the situation of cross-field, the invention develops a new small branch of future rape flower tourism by combining a new unprecedented breeding thought with a breeding technology in the cross field of innovatively associating the miniature bonsai with the ornamental rape utilization in the breeding thought, and firstly, a rape variety suitable for the miniature bonsai is cultivated by utilizing the genetic resources of the rape. Meanwhile, aiming at the weakness of pollen generation when flowers are made into miniature bonsais, a breeding technology is adopted to change rape into sterile, namely no pollen is generated, so that the weakness is avoided. Furthermore, the ornamental elements are continuously improved through the breeding technology again, such as the characteristics of adding different flower color characters, prolonging the flowering period and the like. The method specifically screens various properties (such as ultra-short stems, sterility, colored petals and the like) of the rape, integrates the properties through a breeding technology, and cultivates the screened properties to form a new rape variety (line) which has multiple property aggregation and is suitable for miniature bonsai cultivation, so that the application field of ornamental rape is further widened, the economic value of the ornamental rape is improved, and the development of rape industry is assisted.

Claims (1)

1. A cultivation method of ornamental rape varieties suitable for miniature bonsais is characterized in that the cultivation method comprises the steps of hybridizing ultra-short stalk rape resources with other rape varieties to obtain short stalk F1 seeds, then carrying out conventional cultivation on the short stalk F1 seeds or further hybridizing with other rape varieties, wherein the other rape varieties comprise one or more of conventional rape, colorful flower rape germplasm resources, compact plant type slow-flowering resources or other sterile line rape resources, the ornamental rape varieties suitable for miniature bonsais comprise the ultra-short stalk miniature rape varieties, colorful flower miniature bonsai rape varieties, compact plant type slow-flowering miniature rape varieties, pollen-free compact type slow-flowering miniature rape varieties or pollen-free compact type slow-flowering miniature rape varieties, and the cultivation method of the ultra-short stalk miniature rape varieties specifically comprises the following steps:

a1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources are hybridized with conventional rape varieties to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds; the ultra-short-stalk rape resource is dwarf source No. 1, and the conventional rape variety is Zhongshuang No. 11 or Ningyou No. 22;

a2 Seeding the dwarf F1 seeds as female parent, backcrossing with the ultra-short rape resources in the flowering period to obtain BC1 seeds;

a3 Sowing BC1 seeds, pulling out single plants with the plant height higher than 50cm at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing at the flowering stage, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short-stalk rape at the mature stage to mix and harvest seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

a4 Sowing BC1F2 seeds, adopting an indoor generation-adding planting mode, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short stalk rape at the initial flowering stage to mix and harvest the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

a5 Sowing BC1F3 seeds, selecting single plants with plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resource, bagging, selfing and mixing to harvest the seeds, and obtaining the ultra-short stalk miniature bonsai rape variety;

the cultivation method of the colored flower miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

b1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources are hybridized with colorful flower rape germplasm resources to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds; the super-short-stalk rape resource is dwarf No. 1, and the rape germplasm resource with colorful flowers is white flower resource J328 or golden flower resource 97088;

b2 Sowing dwarf F1 seeds according to an indoor generation-adding method, selecting single plants with wrinkled leaves and varied petal colors as female parents in a seedling stage, and hybridizing with colorful rape germplasm resources to obtain BC1 seeds;

b3 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk resources at the flowering season, selecting single plants with the color consistent with the corresponding parent petals at the flowering season, bagging and selfing the single plants, and selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resources at the mature period to mix and harvest seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

b4 Sowing BC1F2 seeds, selecting single plants with the color basically consistent with the color of corresponding parent petals in a flowering phase, bagging and selfing, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the resource of the ultra-short stalk rape in a mature period, and mixing and harvesting the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

b5 Seeding BC1F3 seeds, selecting a single plant with consistent color with the corresponding parent petals in the flowering phase, bagging and selfing, selecting a single plant with consistent plant height with the ultra-short stalk rape resource in the mature period, and mixing and harvesting seeds to obtain a colorful bonsai rape variety;

the method for cultivating the compact plant type slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

c1 Ultra-short stalk rape resources and compact-plant slow-flowering germplasm resources are hybridized to obtain short stalk F1 seeds; the ultra-short-stalk rape resource is dwarf source No. 1, and the compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resource is a common dwarf-stalk germplasm resource DW871;

c2 After the low-stalk F1 seeds are planted, an F1 single plant is taken as a female parent in the initial flowering period, and compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resources are taken as a male parent for hybridization to obtain BC1 seeds;

c3 Seed BC1, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk resource and the branching characteristic consistent with the compact slow-flowering germplasm resource at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plants, selecting single plants with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resource at the maturation stage, and mixing and harvesting the seeds to obtain BC1F2 seeds;

c4 Seed BC1F2, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics consistent with compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resources characteristics in a bolting period, bagging and selfing the single plant, selecting a single plant with plant height consistent with ultra-short-stalk rape resources in a maturation period, and mixing and harvesting the seeds to obtain BC1F3 seeds;

c5 Sowing BC1F3 seeds, selecting single plants with branching characteristics consistent with the characteristics of compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resources at the flowering stage, bagging and selfing, selecting single plants with plant heights consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resources at the maturation stage, and mixing to harvest seeds to obtain the plant type slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety;

the method for cultivating the compact slow-flowering miniature colored flower bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

d1 Ultra-short-stalk rape resources and compact-plant slow-flowering germplasm resources are hybridized to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds; the ultra-short-stalk rape resource is dwarf source No. 1, and the compact plant type slow-flowering germplasm resource is a common dwarf-stalk germplasm resource DW871;

d2 After the dwarf F1 seeds are planted, hybridizing an F1 single plant serving as a female parent and a white flower resource J328 or a golden flower resource 97088 serving as a male parent in an initial flowering period to obtain triple-hybrid F1 seeds;

d3 Sowing triple crossing F1 seeds, selecting a single plant with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk resource and the branching characteristic consistent with the compact slow-flowering germplasm resource in the bolting period, bagging and selfing the single plant, selecting a single plant with the plant height consistent with the ultra-short stalk rape resource in the maturation period, and mixing and harvesting seeds according to flower color sources to obtain F2 seeds of each flower color;

d4 Sowing F2 seeds, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics consistent with compact slow-flowering germplasm resource characteristics at the bolting stage, selecting a single plant consistent with corresponding flower and color parents at the initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing, selecting a single plant with plant height consistent with ultra-short rape resource at the mature stage, and mixing and harvesting the seeds to obtain F3 seeds;

d5 Sowing F3 seeds, selecting a single plant with branching characteristics consistent with compact slow-flowering germplasm resource characteristics at the bolting stage, selecting a single plant with flower colors basically consistent with corresponding parent flower colors at the initial flowering stage, bagging and selfing the single plant, and selecting a single plant with plant height basically consistent with the ultra-short-stalk rape resource at the mature stage to mix and harvest seeds to obtain F4 seeds;

d6 Continuously planting for 1-2 generations, selecting single plants with branching characteristics consistent with compact slow-flowering germplasm resources in a bolting period, selecting single plants with consistent flower colors with corresponding parent flower colors in an initial flowering period, bagging and selfing the single plants, and selecting single plants with consistent plant heights with ultra-short rape resources in a mature period to harvest seeds in a mixed manner; obtaining compact slow-flowering miniature potted colored rape varieties;

the method for cultivating the pollenless miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

e1 Ultra-short-stalk rape germplasm resources as male parents are hybridized with sterile line rape germplasm resources to obtain short-stalk F1 seeds; the ultra-short-stalk rape resource is dwarf No. 1, and the sterile line rape germplasm resource is a radish sterile line H28A;

e2 After the dwarf F1 seeds are planted, selecting single plants with shrunken leaves in the seedling stage, selecting sterile single plants in the initial flowering stage to continue to hybridize with the super-short rape serving as a male parent to obtain BC1 seeds;

e3 Seeding BC1 seed, selecting single plant with shrinking leaf in seedling stage, selecting sterile single plant in initial flowering stage to continue hybridizing with super-short-stalk rape germplasm resource as male parent, selecting single plant with plant height consistent with that of super-short-stalk rape in mature period to obtain BC2 seed;

e4 Sowing the seeds of the previous generation, and continuing to perform 2-3 generations according to the step E3 to obtain the backcross seeds of the advanced generation, namely the pollen-free miniature bonsai rape variety;

the method for cultivating the pollen-free compact plant type slow-flowering miniature bonsai rape variety specifically comprises the following steps:

f1 Hybridizing sterile line rape germplasm resources with the compact slow flowering rape germplasm resources to obtain single cross F1; the sterile line rape germplasm resource is a radish sterile line H28A, and the compact plant type slow flowering rape germplasm resource is a common dwarf germplasm resource DW871;

f2 After single-cross F1 seeds are planted, sterile single plants are selected in the initial flowering period to be hybridized with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources to obtain three-cross F1 seeds, wherein the ultra-short-stalk rape resources are short source No. 1;

f3 Sowing three-way cross F1 seeds, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with the branch habit consistent with that of compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering stage, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short rape resource, selecting a single plant with the plant height consistent with that of the ultra-short rape resource in the mature stage, and mixing to obtain BC1 seeds;

f4 Seed BC1 is sowed, pollen-free sterile single plants with basically consistent branching habits with compact slow-flowering rape are selected in the initial flowering stage, backcross with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources is continued, single plants with consistent plant heights with the ultra-short-stalk rape resources are selected in the mature stage, and BC2 seeds are obtained by mixing;

f5 Seed BC2, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with branch habit consistent with that of compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering stage, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short-stalk rape, selecting a single plant with the basic consistent plant height of the ultra-short-stalk rape in the mature stage, and mixing to obtain BC3 seed;

f6 Seeding the previous generation of seeds, selecting a pollen-free sterile single plant with the branch habit consistent with that of the compact slow-flowering rape in the initial flowering stage, continuously backcrossing with the ultra-short-stalk rape resource, selecting a single plant with the plant height consistent with that of the ultra-short-stalk rape in the mature period, and mixing to obtain BC4 seeds;

f7 Sowing BC4 seeds, and continuing to perform 1-3 generations according to the step F6 to obtain high-generation backcross seeds which are pollen-free compact miniature bonsai rape varieties;

the method for cultivating the pollen-free compact plant type slow-flowering miniature colored potted landscape rape variety comprises the following steps:

g1 Hybridizing sterile line rape germplasm resources with the compact slow flowering rape germplasm resources to obtain single cross F1; the sterile line rape germplasm resource is a radish sterile line H28A; the compact plant type slow flowering rape germplasm resource is a common dwarf germplasm resource DW871;

g2 Seed single cross F1 seed, selecting sterile single plant to hybridize with white flower resource J328 or golden yellow flower resource 97088 in the initial flowering period to obtain triple cross F1 seed;

g3 B) sowing the three-way cross F1 seeds, and selecting sterile single plants to hybridize with the super-short-stalk rape resources in the initial flowering phase to obtain four-way cross F1 seeds, wherein the super-short-stalk rape resources are dwarf source No. 1;

g4 Seed four-way crossing F1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with basically consistent branching habits and compact plant type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility with consistent color flower resources at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with the ultra-short rape resources, and harvesting the seeds in a mixed manner to obtain BC1 seeds;

g5 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with branching habits consistent with compact plant type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility basically consistent with white flower resources J328 or golden flower resources 97088 at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with ultra-short stalk rape resources, and harvesting seeds in a mixing manner to obtain BC2 seeds;

g6 Sowing BC1 seeds, selecting single plants with shriveled leaves at the seedling stage, selecting single plants with consistent branching habits and compact plant type resources at the bolting stage, selecting single plants without pollen sterility consistent with white flower resources J328 or golden flower resources 97088 at the initial flowering stage, continuously hybridizing with ultra-short-stalk rape resources, selecting single plants with consistent plant heights of the ultra-short-stalk rape resources at the mature stage, and mixing and harvesting to obtain BC3 seeds;

g7 BC3 seeds are sown, and the generation is continued for 1-3 generations according to the step G6, so that high-generation backcross seeds, namely the pollen-free compact slow-flowering miniature color bonsai rape variety, can be obtained.

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