CN106134982A - The breeding method of cabbage type rape new lines - Google Patents
The breeding method of cabbage type rape new lines Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134982A CN106134982A CN201610548042.8A CN201610548042A CN106134982A CN 106134982 A CN106134982 A CN 106134982A CN 201610548042 A CN201610548042 A CN 201610548042A CN 106134982 A CN106134982 A CN 106134982A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses the selection of a kind of cabbage type rape new lines, platymiscium cultivating method of new species field.The present invention is by Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization, Synthetic rapeseed strain, and the cabbage type rape strain synthesized is carried out the quality genetic improvement of economical character and erucic acid and sulfur glycoside, be bred as a kind of brand-new petal color, stem stalk color view and admire rape line, have concurrently view and admire, oil need greatly with two, bring bigger economic benefit and social benefit for Rape-seed production and travel and tourism business.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding technique of cabbage type rape new lines, platymiscium cultivating method of new species field.
Background technology
Tourist industry is as a rising industry, and it not only brings direct economic benefit to tourist famous-city, additionally it is possible to phase
The traffic of pass, lodging industry, catering trade bring huge indirect economy interests.Therefore, a lot of local using development tourism as locality
Pillar industry develops.In the spring that the period that Brassica campestris L is bloomed recovers on the occasion of all things on earth, through a very long winter, people compel to be essential
Want outdoor activities, have a breath of fresh air.Rape flower not only attracts butterfly, Apis with the fragrance of its dazzling color, fragrance, and
Visitor is had huge captivation.To this end, all parts of the country hold rape flower joint one after another, attract tourists visit and sightseeing.
At present, the whole nation from south to north, have rape flower to save from the east to the west, rather well received, wide market.Mainly have:
(1) 1～Luoping, the Yunnan Province rape flower joint in February.At this moment, northern China, also among the coldest days of the year, is happened again long holidays in the Spring Festival, very
The out on tours of many families, becomes people here and loosens the splendid selection of visit.(2) 2～Tongnan, Chongqing City in March and Guiding, Guizhou Province
Rape flower is saved.Now ten thousand mu of Brassica campestris Ls are open in the early spring, add this place dense vegetation, the most all attract numerous visitor to go to and view and admire.
(3) 3～this period in April on the occasion of China Yangtze river basin Brassica campestris L main producing region Brassica campestris L florescence, Brassica campestris L is in full flourish, the most each province
Hold rape flower joint according to local condition, promote a tourist business.Wherein comparing the most famous has Fengxian county, Shanghai City, Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province
City, Xinghua city of Jiangsu Province, Xianju County in Zhejiang Province, Hubei Province's Zigui, Yichang, Anhui Province Jixi city rape flower joint.These rape flowers
Joint is all full of dense south of the River breath in spring, and wherein the rapeseed cultivation in Xinghua, Jiangsu is on the buttress field gathered in the network of waterways, You Ren
Roam leisurely on foot bridge, flowing water and crow paulin ship spend marine, too beautiful to be absorbed all at once.(4) 4～Shaanxi Province in May Hanzhong rape flower joint.Shaanxi Province's Chinese
Million mu of rape flowers on middle basin and Middle hills hills bloom during this period, and Hanzhong is dressed up as a huge bonsai landscape,
The Hanzhong of the title have " the little south of the River " is now the rape flower sea that China is the most beautiful.(5) 5～June Tianshui of Gansu Province rape flower joint.
The Tianshui of Gansu Province being positioned at Northwest inland is historical cultural city, annual 5～June rape flower all over the mountains and plains bloom, for this city
The spotlight attracted tourists.Fangshan, Beijing head of district ditch town becomes the place to go of capital's inhabitants appreciation rape flower, this Brassica campestris L by the end of May
Hua Jie is because in Beijing suburb, and visitor is numerous, and the when of being that other local rape flower has been withered in the whole nation, so these
Favourable climate and geographical position makes this rape flower joint more attractive.(6) 6～Xinjiang Autonomous Region in July city of coming to life be positioned at innerland, inland, the Central Asia,
The plateau intermountain basin that one is surrounded by hills, rapeseed area nearly million mu, it is described as " township of Xinjiang Brassica campestris L ".Before the most by the end of June
After, the most boundless rape flower blooms, and golden yellow rape flower, Flos Helianthi mutually set off with snow mountain at a distance, too beautiful to be absorbed all at once.Tibet
The municipal Shannan Prefecture and Linzhi city are located in plateau, and rapeseed cultivation area is big.The flowers are in blossom for Brassica campestris L all over the mountains and plains in July every year, blue
My god, white clouds, snow mountain exhale mutually with flavous rape flower and set off, magnificent mansion, seemingly heaven on earth.(7) 7～Qinghai Province's door in August
Yuan You county cauliflower joint, the time in July 5 to July 25, full-bloom stage July 10 to July 20.Annual July, Qinghai Province's door
The rape flower in basin, source is late, full-blown flowers are bloomed.The penetrating azure sky in plateau, the setting off of the Qilian mountains of northern an expanse of white snow
Under, that the flowers are in blossom is the richest and the most gaudy for Qinghai In Brassica Napus. L everywhere.In this time, interior ground high temperature scorches, and the most but feels nice and cool pleasant, and this
Time period has a summer holiday on the occasion of school, and the most numerous visitors swarm to this to pass the summer in a leisurely way and avoid heat, and enjoys feeling nice and cool and high of Qinghai-Tibet Platean summer
The air that former exception is clean.
As oil expression and dual-purpose Brassica campestris L of going sightseeing, it should meet the high yield of Rape-seed production, high-quality, efficient, degeneration-resistant needs,
Tourism business to be met to rich colors, unique profile, visitor is had the requirement of enough captivations.Accordingly, it would be desirable to according to sight
The development need of light industry, select can stable high yield, have again unique look oil appreciate dual-purpose rape variety.For a long time,
China's rapeseed breeding only focuses on the production performance of Brassica campestris L, i.e. only focuses on its yield traits, the quality trait of Semen Brassicae campestris, resistance
Can, and do not focus on its sight.Lacking the rape variety of sightseeing the most at present, various places can only replace seeing with oil rape variety
Reward rape variety, causes a kind of pattern (yellow) of various places Brassica campestris L, a kind of stem stalk color (green) and a kind of leaf color (green
Color), it appears dull, it is impossible to as other ornamental flowers, to form rich and varied, the appreciation effect of riot of color and composition is various
There is the pattern of beautiful colors.
In recent years, people start to focus on viewing and admiring the selection-breeding of rape variety, have had the napus lines selection-breeding of pure white petal to become
Merit.Breeder is also had tentatively to be bred as the napus lines of sliding lobe pink, orange.While it is true, the petal color of Brassica campestris L is still
Seeming dull, when Viewing Area assembles various colour image, still seeming, color is the abundantest, needs to cultivate other petals more
The kind of color, meets the needs viewed and admired.
Summary of the invention
Need to cultivate the present situation of more napus lines with fancy points, the object of the invention for Brassica campestris L tourism development
It is to provide the selection of a kind of cabbage type rape new lines.
For realizing the object of the invention, the present invention is by Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization, Synthetic rapeseed strain.Will
Present in Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Chinese cabbage, specific traits is transferred in cabbage type rape, is bred as a kind of brand-new petal color, stem stalk face
Color view and admire rape line, have concurrently view and admire, oil need greatly with two, bring bigger economy for Rape-seed production and travel and tourism business
Benefit and social benefit.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
(1), by purple leaf Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae stalk, pale yellow colored cabbage type rape strain purple with the synthesis of Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization
In the genetic evolution of crop in cruciferae, cabbage type rape is by Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae (genome is CC) and Chinese cabbage (genome
AA) natural intervarietal hybridization formed.Therefore we select purple leaf head cabbage varieties drinamyl and the Chinese cabbage cultivar remote edge of Huang 75-28
Hybridization.Owing to Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization are difficult to obtain seed, therefore cultivate (Ovary culture) by embryo rescue after pollination
Obtain haplobiont, then through 0.01% colchicine solution carry out chromosome doubling, synthetic has purple stalk, pale yellow
The novel cabbage type rape strain of flower.
Present invention test shows, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae has concurrently with the economical character of the cabbage type rape of Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization synthetic
Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and the feature of Chinese cabbage: blade is big and abundant, lobus cardiacus curling is wrapped in growing point；Branch is big with the angle of stem, plant type
Loose；Long branch, angle fruit is short；Period of duration is later.The especially seed content of erucic acid of the cabbage type rape of synthetic is left 40%
The right side, glucosinolate content, all at 150mmol/g, belongs to high erucic acid high-sulfur glycoside strain, does not meets the mark that the authorization of current rape variety is promoted
The requirement of accurate (i.e. the erucic acid (＜ 1%) of quality rape and glucosinolate content (＜ 30mmol/g)).Accordingly, it would be desirable to from economical character to
The most thoroughly improvement of the quality of erucic acid and glucosinolate content.
(2), the quality that the pale yellow flower of synthesis, purple stalk cabbage type rape strain carry out economical character and erucic acid and sulfur glycoside is lost
Pass improvement
Doing female parent with the cabbage type rape of synthetic, low quality rape strains DL077 double with Wild cabbage type low mustard acid low sulfatide are miscellaneous
Handing over, backcross, filial generation is carried out microspore-isolated culture, field carries out economical character, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging, anti-sclerotiniose etc.
Anti-adversity screens, indoor by near-infrared attributional analysis instrument screening low erucic acid low sulfatide character, through effort in 7 years, finally educates
Become pale yellow and spend No. 1.
(3), the pale yellow feature spending No. 1
Pale yellow spending No. 1 to have notable difference with existing cabbage type rape strain, mainly its petal is light yellow, and stem stalk is purplish red
Color.Blade, petiole are also purple.In Zhengzhou its florescence at late March to mid-April.Cold-resistant, resistant to lodging, viral diseases and bacterium
Core is sick.Plant height is typically at about 170 cm, branch amount about 8-10.In its seed, content of erucic acid≤1.9082%, sulfur glycoside contains
Amount≤12.6202 mmol/g, oil content >=39.5014%, oleic acid content >=68.8616%, linolenic acid content >=9.6817%, egg
White matter content >=30.7571%.Belong to the double low quality rape strain of low erucic acid low sulfatide.
The method have the benefit that
(1) specific traits present in Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and Chinese cabbage is transferred in cabbage type rape, in the original yellow of Brassica campestris L by the present invention
On the basis of flower and white flowers, add the pattern of pale yellow petal, hence it is evident that be different from a kind of new oil cauliflower color of existing pattern,
Increase the sight of Brassica campestris L, it is also possible to yellow, white rape flower collocation, form different rape flowers in field and view and admire pattern.
(2) the stem stalk of this strain is purple, obvious with traditional green stem stalk difference, has very much sight.(3) economical character of this strain
Excellent, good stress resistance, in seed, content of erucic acid is low, glucosinolate content is low, belongs to double low quality rape, can meet branded oil completely
The needs that dish produces, can produce high-quality Oleum Brassicae campestris and high-quality dregs of rapeseed cake, can meet people's life and the needs of aquaculture.
Therefore, this strain be oil with and view and admire the cabbage type rape strain having concurrently, its popularization and application will produce preferable economic benefit with
Social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is pale yellow spends No. 1 pattern and stem stalk color picture.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is pale yellow spends No. 1 to contrast picture with general cabbage type rape yellow pattern, shows pale yellow petal face
Notable difference is there is in normal complexion stem stalk color with the pattern of tradition Brassica campestris L.
Fig. 3 be the present invention pale yellow spends No. 1 with cabbage type rape yellow flower and white flowers color contrast picture, show pale yellow to spend 1
Number petal color all there is significant difference with white petal, yellow petal color.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is pale yellow spends No. 1 group picture.
Detailed description of the invention
It is better described for the present invention being cultivated the pale yellow breeding method spending No. 1, as follows for embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, cultivate and pale yellow spend No. 1
(1) by Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae leaf cabbage type rape strain purple with the synthesis of Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization
Purple leaf head cabbage varieties drinamyl and Chinese cabbage cultivar Huang 75-28 are planted in field autumn.Spring next year, when Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and DABAI
Dish Post flowering, with Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae as female parent, artificial strip off Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae alabastrum, reject its flower pesticide, take Chinese cabbage pollen invest stripping flower bud after sweet
On blue stigma.After pollination 7-10 days, the ovary that intervarietal hybridization obtains is taken off, with 30 ml 84 disinfectant solution sterilizing 10 minutes,
Period shakes mixing repeatedly.Ovary after sterilizing goes to solid B5In culture medium, it is placed in illumination in 16 hours, 25 DEG C of culturing room's trainings
Support, until ovary cuts one's eye-teeth, gather in the crops seed therein.The intervarietal hybridization seed of results is seeded in experimental plot by autumn, five leaves
During the phase, extract clean root, double 3 hours with colchicine solution (1g/L) leaching root, clean root 5 minutes with water subsequently,
Again the seedling processed is planted back in soil.Post flowering observes the alabastrum of plant, petal and flower pesticide size, by pollen amount with normal
Kind is similar, after bagging can the double haploid that plant is chromosome doubling of self-fertility results seed, be otherwise considered as list
Times body plant.
Described solid B5Culture medium is the sucrose solution of additional mass percentage ratio 2% on the basis of commercially available product, agar 7-8g,
Adjust the culture medium of pH5.8-6.0.
(2) the above-mentioned novel cabbage type rape doubling successful synthetic is identified
The above-mentioned novel cabbage type rape doubling successful synthetic is seeded in experimental plot, identifies its economical character, petal
Color, stem stalk color, anti-adversity and quality trait.Screening close with its maternal Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae drinamyl, petal color is light yellow, stem
Stalk is darkviolet, and blade is plump, and blade powder of waxing is thicker, and long branch, crotch angle is big, the strain that plant type is loose.Its seed
Middle content of erucic acid is high (about 40%), glucosinolate content the highest (150mmol/g).
(3) genetic improvement of artificial synthesis Brassica napus
With low erucic acid, the double low artificially synthesized Brassica type oil to above-mentioned incubation of double low B. napus strain DL77 of low sulfatide
Dish carries out economical character, anti-adversity and quality trait genetic improvement.I.e. with pale yellow flower, the purple stalk cabbage type rape of synthetic
Strain is maternal, is that male parent carries out artificial cabage-type rape hybridization with DL77.For filial generation stable, shortening breeding year as early as possible
Limit, carries out microspore-isolated culture to filial generation, it is thus achieved that DH system.These DH systems are carried out economical character, petal color, stem stalk
Color, anti-adversity and quality trait are identified, therefrom screen pale yellow flower, purple stalk, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging, plant type is compact, content of erucic acid
Less than 1%, glucosinolate content is less than the strain of 30 mmol/g.By extensively screening, be bred as that petal color is pale yellow, stem stalk is dark purple,
Low erucic acid, the double low B. napus strain of low sulfatide pale yellow spend No. 1.
In its seed, content of erucic acid 1.9082%, glucosinolate content 12.6202 mmol/g, oil content 39.5014%, oleic acid contains
Amount 68.8616%, linolenic acid content 9.6817%, protein content 30.7571%.Belong to low erucic acid low sulfatide quality rape strain.
Cultivation technique
Pale yellow spend No. 1 to belong to semi-winterness cabbage type rape strain, be suitable for extensively planting in producing region, China's winter rape producing region.In the north
This strain of extremely low temperature area is probably due to winter freeze calamity death can not be survived the winter, and in China's spring rape producing region, this strain may be because of
For cannot vernalization, cause normally blooming.
In producing region, China's winter rape producing region, the high-yield culture technique measure of this strain mainly has.
(1), begin sowing in good time
Beginning sowing in good time is the key of yield of Brassica napus L.The general JIUYUE in north, Henan finishes before within 20th, starting sowing, October 10.Before sowing
Will the most wholely, general plot, use compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, calcium superphosphate 50 kilograms, 10 kilograms of carbamide, Borax 1 kilogram for every mu
Make base fertilizer.During sowing, line-spacing 1.2 chi, every mu of sowing quantity 0.5-1 jin, depth of planting 1-2 cun.
(2), in good time thinning, final singling
Characteristic according to growth of rape, it is desirable to carry out thinning final singling during 3-5 sheet true leaf, final singling density is different because kind is different, and one
As about wild cabbage type kind 1.2 ten thousand strain.Late sowing Brassica campestris L should suitably increase density, educates Brassica campestris L and also should increase density broadcasting generation.
(3), seed manure, early intertillage are early executed
Execute 15 kilograms of ammonium carbonate or 10 kilograms of carbamide for general every mu, slip in conjunction with intertillage and execute effective, general with a final singling, execute
Fertile and pour water and intertill.
(4), pest control
Rape seedling insect pest according to specific time and site and different, Major Pests have jumping Jia, Gryllus Chinensis, Pieris rapae, locust, aphid, cutworm and
Gryllotalpas etc., various places can carry out chemical control as the case may be.Such as decis, Rogor etc., also can take cutworm manually to catch
The way killed.
(5), antifreeze keep a full stand of seedings
Huanghuai Area winter drying, for preventing arid and freeze injury, waters sufficient water of surviving the winter, freeze injury before freeze-up (about before and after mid-December)
Also can pour water after generation and remedy.Northern China in history, spreads compost at Wintering Period, and north Brassica campestris L is played blinding, training by a kind of farm tools ground exactly
Soil, covering overwinter effect.
(6), early management, early transplanting
To broadcast for educating plot, by the requirement of culturing and transplanting seedlings, sowing time evening, intertillage of topdressing immediately after thinning the most partially.Transplant first 10 days
Carry out single-dose application intertillage again, promote to become big strong sprout.8 leaves can be transplanted later, transplants the most early, and alive faster, strives for more
Multiple young leaves before winter.
Should deeply plant during transplanting, be limited not burying lobus cardiacus.Transplant plot, base fertilizer, especially phosphate fertilizer should be used sufficient, after cultivation should and
Time water water at all, with plant with watering.Conscientiously density, every mu of 1.2-1.5 ten thousand strain is ensured during transplanting.
Claims (1)
1. the selection of a cabbage type rape new lines, it is characterised in that realize by the following method:
(1) by Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae leaf cabbage type rape strain purple with the synthesis of Chinese cabbage intervarietal hybridization
Planting in field autumn by purple leaf head cabbage varieties drinamyl and Chinese cabbage cultivar Huang 75-28, spring next year, when Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae and DABAI
Dish Post flowering, with Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae as female parent, artificial strip off Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae alabastrum, reject its flower pesticide, take Chinese cabbage pollen invest stripping flower bud after sweet
On blue stigma；After pollination 7-10 days, the ovary that intervarietal hybridization obtains being taken off, use disinfectant solution sterilizing, period shakes mixing repeatedly；
Ovary after sterilizing goes to solid B5In culture medium, it is placed in foster room and cultivates, until ovary cuts one's eye-teeth, gather in the crops seed therein；
The intervarietal hybridization seed of results is seeded in experimental plot by autumn, during five leaf phases, extracts clean root, soaks by colchicine solution
Root, cleans root with water subsequently, then is planted back in soil by the seedling processed；Post flowering observes the alabastrum of plant, petal and flower
Medicine size, can the plant of self-fertility results seed be the double of chromosome doubling after pollen amount is similar to normal kind, bagging
Haplobiont, is otherwise considered as haplobiont；
(2) the above-mentioned cabbage type rape that doubles successfully is identified
Double successful cabbage type rape be seeded in experimental plot by above-mentioned, identify its economical character, leaf color, petal color, stem stalk
Color, anti-adversity and quality trait；Choose and there is the cabbage type rape strain that purple leaf, purple stalk, petal color are pale yellow；
(3) genetic improvement of artificial synthesis Brassica napus
With the cabbage type rape strain of above-mentioned synthetic as female parent, it is that male parent is manually shelled by cabbage type rape strain DL77
Flower bud pollination hybridization；Filial generation is carried out microspore-isolated culture, it is thus achieved that DH system；DH system is carried out economical character, leaf color, petal
Color, stem stalk color, anti-adversity and quality trait are identified, therefrom rape line is pale yellow spends No. 1 in screening；
Step (1) described solid B5Culture medium is the sucrose solution of additional mass percentage ratio 2% on the basis of commercially available product, agar 7-
8g, adjusts the culture medium of pH5.8-6.0.
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| CN107173220A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-19 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | It is a kind of for the breeding method for the purple leaf rape gone sightseeing |
| CN107410011A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of efficiently quick separating cabbage type rape A and C subgenome |
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| CN107410011B (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2019-07-16 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of efficient quick separating cabbage type rape A and C subgenome |
| CN107173220A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-19 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | It is a kind of for the breeding method for the purple leaf rape gone sightseeing |
| CN108157186A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-06-15 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of method for improving the regeneration of wild cabbage microspore plant and doubling monoploids |
| CN109042291A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-12-21 | 湖南科技大学 | A method of novel vegetable is created using Chinese cabbage and wild cabbage distant hybridization |
| CN109156337A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-08 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | A kind of ornamental rape flower selection |
| CN109168421A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-11 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Application of the brassicacarinata in the breeding of cabbage type rape definite inflorescence strain |
| CN109168421B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-06-08 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Application of Arabidopsis thaliana in breeding of brassica napus limited inflorescence strain |
| CN109566129A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-05 | 什邡市孝楠农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of selection of Red Flowers rape variety |
| CN111758554A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-13 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method of cabbage type early-maturing rape variety |
| CN114831021A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai |
| CN115211367A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Application and method of pale yellow Chinese cabbage material in creating new color materials |
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