CN101855991B - Cultivation method of primula - Google Patents
Cultivation method of primula Download PDFInfo
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- CN101855991B CN101855991B CN2010101993189A CN201010199318A CN101855991B CN 101855991 B CN101855991 B CN 101855991B CN 2010101993189 A CN2010101993189 A CN 2010101993189A CN 201010199318 A CN201010199318 A CN 201010199318A CN 101855991 B CN101855991 B CN 101855991B
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Abstract
The invention provides a hybridization breeding cultivation method of a new species of primula 'qunshinaochun', comprising the following steps of interspecific hybridization and single plant optimization, wherein the interspecific hybridization is as follows: carrying out artificial hybridization by taking Primula denticulate ssp.sinoden ticulata Balf.f.et Forr.W.W.Smith as a female parent and Primula pseudodenticulata Pax as a male parent; picking fruits of hybrid seeds, sowing and transplanting by separating seedlings; selecting a single plant which has dark green leaves, healthy and strong growth, lilac red flowers, 6-15 inflorescences, a scape with the height of 4-42 cm and a florescence from December to February of a next year from an F1 generation for pollination, seed collection and sowing, selecting again till F2 generation flowering according to a selection standard same as that of the F1 generation; also carrying out pollination among plants, seed collection and sowing to form an F3 generation, and then selecting an individual, i.e. the species of the primula 'qunshinaochun' which has a gorgeous flower color, 6-15 inflorescences, the scape with the height of 4-42 cm and fragrance from the F3 generation. The new species selected by using the method has high ornamental value, obvious difference by being changed into 6-15 inflorescences from one inflorescence of an original seed and high consistency and stability.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the breeding method of Flower New Variety kind, particularly, relate to the crossbreeding breeding method of common primrose new varieties ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring '.
Technical background:
The primula whole world has 500 kinds approximately, mainly is distributed in temperate zone, the Northern Hemisphere and high mountain area, only has few species to be distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, is the modern distribution center of this genus along both sides, the Himalayas to Yunnan, western Sichuan.China is the primula natural distribution than one of country of horn of plenty, and existing kind known and that deliver has 293 kind of 21 subspecies and 20 mutation.Yunnan is located in the southwestern border area of China, and floristics is very abundant, and primula is especially outstanding, and the overwhelming majority of China's kind (about 159) all is distributed in Yunnan.How gorgeous primula spent, and is one of beautiful ornamental plants.State such as English, U.S.A China's collect specimen of once repeatedly sending people over here is transported seedling back American-European cultivation, becomes the upsurge in a period of time of plant classification educational circles and flower gardening educational circles.According to incompletely statistics, Britain is kind surplus the common primrose kind much 110 of China's introducing cultivation, and has cultivated the garden-variety of many beauties.Many kinds are commercially produced, and have obtained very high economic benefit.Though the wild common primrose resource rich of China is not domesticly seen the report that the common primrose rearing new variety is arranged.Report the common primrose interspecies sterility, therefore, be necessary to carry out the development of the breeding of new variety method of common primrose.At present, prior art is not appeared in the newspapers spring flower interspecific cross breeding method and the report of the new varieties that obtain with this method.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of common primrose intraspecific hybridization and cultivate the method for common primrose new varieties, solved primula not of the same race on the same group between cross sterile problem, this method is easy to implement, and is with low cost, effective.The new varieties fragrance of a flower of cultivating is 6-15 inflorescence, possesses the advantage that look, perfume (or spice), type possess.Specificity is obvious, and value is bloomed around the Spring Festival again, compares with having kind both at home and abroad now, and novelty is obvious, and adaptability is wider, can potted plantly view and admire indoor appreciation, can do flower bed, lace layout, greening etc. again.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The breeding method of common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring '; Comprise artificial hybridization, seed collecting, sowing, cultivation step; Do maternal with the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata Primula denticulatassp.sinodenticulata Balf.f.et Forr.W.W.Smith; Daffodil Primula pseudodenticulata Pax carries out artificial hybridization as male parent with the sea, Yunnan, and transplantation of seedlings and cultivation are sowed, divided to the fruit of its crossbreed of gathering, forms F
1Generation, select therefrom that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year, forms F
2Generation selects therefrom that the leaf look dark green again, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates at the individual plant in February in December to next year and forms F3 generation, from F
3Select that pattern is gorgeous in generation, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, dulcet individuality are common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' kind.
Artificial hybridization adopts writing brush to award on the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata column cap that long style is spent from the pollen of the short style flower of sea, Yunnan daffodil P.pseudodenticulata, and pollination time is at the 9-11 point in morning in two kinds of common primrose flowering stage.
Seed collecting be treat hybridization pollination after 20 days fruit expand, appear the crossbreed fruit of gathering when brown.
Sowing is 45cm * 30cm * 12cm with the long * wide * height of sowing basket, and sowing media is a humus soil, and pH is 5.5-6.0.
Dividing transplantation of seedlings is when the long 2.5-3cm of arriving of tree seedling is high, with seedling replanting in transplanting medium is the plastic basin of 18cm * 18cm humous.
Method of the present invention can specifically describe and be: hybridization is to utilize two kinds of different common primrose plant to carry out interspecific cross; It is maternal to select the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata plant to do, and the plant of sea, Yunnan daffodil makes male parent, in flowering stage; The name a person for a particular job pollen of Yunnan sea daffodil of the 9-11 in the morning of every day is awarded on the column cap of the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata with writing brush; Pollination back bagging pollinates that fruit expands after 20 days, treats that fruit becomes to carry out seed collection when brown; Sowing, it is 45cm * 30cm * 12cm plastic crate that the sowing basket adopts length * wide * height; The humus soil of sowing soil for sieving, degree of depth 8cm, pH are 5.5-6.0, and seed evenly is sowed on the sowing soil, spread a small amount of humus soil again to cover, conventional water spray, the sowing temperature is 18-25 ℃; Seedling is long to 2.5 to 3cm the time, carries out branch seedling and field planting, and field planting soil is with sowing soil, with the seedling definite value in the nutritive cube of 18cm * 18cm, every morning at field planting initial stage with respectively water at dusk primary water, Routine Management after 10 days, the growth of seedling temperature is 20-25 ℃; The growth of seedling phase, mainly water by sprinkling irrigation, per three days of summer spray primary water, water spraying time in the morning, each 15 minutes; Form F
1Generation therefrom selects that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year, forms F
2Generation selects therefrom that the leaf look dark green again, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year and forms F
3In generation, is from F
3Select that pattern is gorgeous in generation, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, dulcet individuality are common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' kind.Be new varieties ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' through the successive selection in 3 years.
The present invention cultivates through seminal propagation on the basis of nearly 30,000 strains in the characteristic of fully having studied these new varieties ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' and after implementing 3 years, finds that this kind has specificity, uniformity and stability.
Compared with prior art, superiority of the present invention is; Solved primula not of the same race on the same group between cross sterile problem.Primula fragrant flower kind is less, and Primula sinodenticulata group plant all is an inflorescence mostly, and the new varieties fragrance of a flower of cultivating is 6-15 inflorescence; The high 4-42cm of scape, the florescence possesses the advantage of look, perfume (or spice), type in February in December to next year, and specificity is obvious; Value is bloomed around the Spring Festival again, compares with having kind both at home and abroad now, and novelty is obvious; Adaptability is wider, can potted plantly view and admire indoor appreciation, can do flower bed, lace layout, greening etc. again.Characteristics such as this breeding method has easy to implement, and implementation cost is cheap, and is effective.
Embodiment:
Following examples are to be used for explaining the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, the artificial hybridization of ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' new varieties:
Select the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata (P.denticulatassp.sinodenticulata) and the Yunnan sea daffodil (P.pseudodenticulata) of primula Primula sinodenticulata group to carry out the interspecific cross breeding.The northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata corolla bluish violet or aubergine have 1 capitulum, and inflorescence is big, the high 5-30cm of scape, florescence 3-4 month; Sea, Yunnan daffodil (P.pseudodenticulata) corolla pink has 1 capitulum to purplish blue color, and inflorescence diameter is little, the high 6-35cm of scape, February in December at florescence to next year.
Concrete: it is maternal to select the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata plant to do; The plant of sea, Yunnan daffodil hybridizes as male parent; In flowering stage, the name a person for a particular job pollen of Yunnan sea daffodil of the 9-11 in the morning of every day is awarded on the column cap of the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata pollination back bagging (sulfuric acid paper bag with writing brush; The sack size is 10cmX8cm), bagging removed sack after 7 days.Pollinate and treat that fruit expands after 20 days, become fruit maturation when brown, collecting fruit treats that seed is scattered from fruit, collects seed and sows, and forms F
1Generation therefrom selects that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year, forms F
2Generation selects therefrom that the leaf look dark green again, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year and forms F
3In generation, is from F
3Select that pattern is gorgeous in generation, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, dulcet individuality are common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' kind.Through the successive selection in 3 years, the every strain inflorescence of new varieties ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' stabilized to 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, the fragrance that tool is strong.
2, sowing, field planting, cultivation:
A. the preparation of sowing basket and sowing soil: the sowing basket adopts long * wide * high (plastic crate of 45cm * 30cm * 12cm); The humus soil of sowing soil for sieving, pH is 5.5-6.0.
B. fill out sowing soil: in the sowing basket, insert sowing soil, sowing the native degree of depth is 8 centimetres.
C. sowing: the seed during with ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' crossbreed fruit maturation is sowed on the sowing soil equably, spreads a small amount of humus soil after broadcasting again to cover, and conventional the water spray, the sowing temperature is 18-25 ℃.
D. divide seedling and field planting: when seedling grows to 2.5 to 3 centimetres, carry out branch seedling and field planting.Field planting soil is with sowing soil.The seedling definite value is arrived in the nutritive cube of 18cm * 18cm.Respectively water primary water with the dusk every morning at field planting initial stage, Routine Management after 10 days, and the growth of seedling temperature is 20-25 ℃.
E. cultivation management: the growth of seedling phase, mainly water by sprinkling irrigation, spray in per three days of summer primary water, water spraying time in the morning, each 15 minutes, promptly reach the purpose of watering, reach the purpose of cooling again.
At ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' F
1In generation, is when blooming; Select that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15; The plant of the high 4-42cm of scape carried out the pollination between strain simultaneously: carried out artificial pollination in 9 o'clock to the 11 o'clock morning; Dip in the pollen on the short style flower stamen with writing brush, award on the column cap of long style flower, and then sow, divide seedling, cultivation.Treat ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' F
2In generation, selected when blooming again, and the same F1 of selection criteria carried out the pollination between strain simultaneously, carried out artificial pollination in 9 o'clock to the 11 o'clock morning, dips in the pollen on the short style flower stamen with writing brush, awards on the column cap of long style flower, and then sow, divide seedling, cultivation.Implement after 3 years ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' crossbreed F
3Stable and consistent for proterties, proterties is: typical cross-pollinatd plant, have the amphitypy flower, and whole plant is rosette-stape, and root-like stock is flourishing, upwards gives birth to 2-5 leafage.Each plant has 6-15 inflorescence, and the capitulum diameter is 2.81cm, and every inflorescence list is spent several average out to 31-54, scape height 4-42cm, and corolla is a pink.
' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' cultivated with said method of the present invention is to make female parent with the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata (P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata); Male parent is made in Yunnan sea daffodil (P.pseudodenticulata), the new varieties of coming out through the artificial hybridization seed selection.' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' is these flowers of 1-2 sward, and ornamental value is high, and the same with sea, Yunnan daffodil with its parent the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata is typical cross-pollinatd plant, has the amphitypy flower, and whole plant is rosette-stape, and root-like stock is flourishing, upwards gives birth to 2-5 leafage.Pattern is gorgeous, and is savory, and each plant has 6-15 inflorescence, and the capitulum diameter is 2.81cm, and every inflorescence list is spent several average out to 31-54, and scape height 4-42cm, corolla are peach common primrose new varieties-' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring '.The new varieties ornamental value of selecting with this method is high, becomes 6-15 inflorescence, significant difference, uniformity and stability height by an inflorescence of original seed.Directly, can keep the uniformity and the stability of this kind with the method for seed seedling-raising.
Though preceding text have been made more at large the present invention of general explanation and specific embodiment and described, and inspire on the basis in technical scheme of the present invention, same domain technical staff can also carry out some modifications and improvement to scheme of the present invention.So modification and the improvement on the basis of not departing from major technique of the present invention, made all should belong to the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method of common primrose ' crowd lion make a noise spring '; It is characterized in that doing maternal with the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata Primula denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata Balf.F.et Forr.W.W.Smith; Daffodil Primula pseudodenticulata Pax carries out artificial hybridization as male parent with the sea, Yunnan; Collect seed, sow, divide transplantation of seedlings, from artificial hybridization F
1Select in generation that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year, forms F
2Generation selects therefrom that the leaf look dark green again, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year and forms F
3In generation, is from F
3Select that pattern is gorgeous in generation, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, dulcet individuality are common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' kind.
2. the breeding method of common primrose according to claim 1 ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring '; It is characterized in that artificial hybridization adopts writing brush to award on the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata P.denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata column cap that long style is spent from the pollen of the short style flower of sea, Yunnan daffodil P.pseudodenticulata, pollination time is at the 9-11 point in morning in two kinds of common primrose flowering stage.
3. the breeding method of common primrose according to claim 1 ' crowd lion make a noise spring ', it is characterized in that collecting seed be treat hybridization pollination after 20 days fruit expand, appear the fruit of crossbreed of gathering when brown.
4. the breeding method of common primrose according to claim 1 ' group lion makes a noise the spring ' is characterized in that sowing with sowing basket long * wide * high 45cm * 30cm * 12cm of being, sowing media is a humus soil, and pH is 5.5-6.0.
5. the breeding method of common primrose according to claim 1 ' crowd lion make a noise spring ' is characterized in that the branch transplantation of seedlings is when the long 2.5-3cm of arriving of tree seedling is high, with seedling replanting in transplanting medium is the plastic basin of 18cm * 18cm humous.
6. the breeding method of common primrose according to claim 1 ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' is characterized in that described hybridization is to utilize two kinds of different common primrose plant to carry out interspecific cross, and it is maternal to select the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata plant to do; The plant of sea, Yunnan daffodil makes male parent; In flowering stage, the name a person for a particular job pollen of Yunnan sea daffodil of the 9-11 in the morning of every day is awarded on the column cap of the northern regions of the Yunnan Province Primula sinodenticulata pollination back bagging with writing brush; Pollinating, fruit expands after 20 days; Treat that fruit becomes and carry out seed collection when brown, sowing, it is 45cm * 30cm * 12cm plastic crate that the sowing basket adopts a length * wide * height; The humus soil of sowing soil for sieving, degree of depth 8cm, pH are 5.5-6.0, and seed evenly is sowed on the sowing soil, spread a small amount of humus soil again to cover, conventional water spray, the sowing temperature is 18-25 ℃; Seedling is long to 2.5 to 3cm the time, carries out branch seedling and field planting, and field planting soil is with sowing soil, with the seedling definite value in the nutritive cube of 18cm * 18cm, every morning at field planting initial stage with respectively water at dusk primary water, Routine Management after 10 days, the growth of seedling temperature is 20-25 ℃; The growth of seedling phase, mainly water by sprinkling irrigation, per three days of summer spray primary water, water spraying time in the morning, each 15 minutes; Treat December-when next year, bloomed March, from above-mentioned hybridization F
1Generation therefrom selects that the leaf look dark green, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year, forms F
2Generation selects therefrom that the leaf look dark green again, robust growth, pattern lilac red, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, and the florescence pollinates, collects seed, sows at the individual plant in February in December to next year and forms F
3In generation, is from F
3Select that pattern is gorgeous in generation, inflorescence 6-15, the high 4-42cm of scape, dulcet individuality are common primrose ' the crowd lion makes a noise the spring ' kind.
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| CN2010101993189A CN101855991B (en) | 2010-06-12 | 2010-06-12 | Cultivation method of primula |
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| CN103070064B (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Artificial hybrid breeding method of Primula L. |
| CN104982189A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-21 | 柳州市天姿园艺有限公司 | Primula acaulis planting method |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 蔡艳飞等.滇北球花报春和滇海水仙花的光合特性研究.《西北植物学报》.2010,第30卷(第2期),第362-369页. * |
| 薛大伟等.云南无量山报春花种质资源的调查.《园艺学报》.2003,第30卷(第4期),第476-478页. * |
| 金晓霞，张启翔.报春花属植物的育种研究进展.《植物学通报》.2005,第22卷(第6期),第738-745页. * |
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