CN104718942A - Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match - Google Patents
Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718942A CN104718942A CN201510106088.XA CN201510106088A CN104718942A CN 104718942 A CN104718942 A CN 104718942A CN 201510106088 A CN201510106088 A CN 201510106088A CN 104718942 A CN104718942 A CN 104718942A
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- tsaoko
- ond
- oou
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Amomum tsao-ko cultivation and particularly relates to a method for improving the population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match. The fruiting character of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko is obviously better than that of the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko, and therefore the population yield and quality of Amomum tsao-ko cultivation can be remarkably improved by reasonably allocating the proportions of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko and the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko in a cultivated population and appropriately increasing the proportion of the OND type Amomum tsao-ko in the population. The cultivation method specifically comprises five key links of carrying out OND and OOU type plant identification, carrying out self-pollination on the OND type Amomum tsao-ko and the OOU type Amomum tsao-ko respectively, carrying out bagged selfing, reserving seeds respectively, raising seedlings respectively, carrying out transplanting and colonization proportionally and the like. The method for improving the population yield of the Amomum tsao-ko through type match is low in application cost, easy to popularize, remarkable in yield-increasing effect and meanwhile capable of improving the quality of the Amomum tsao-ko.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tsaoko technical field of cultivation, particularly a kind of method being improved tsaoko population yield by type collocation.
Background technology
Tsaoko (Amomum tsao-ko) is Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) Amomum (Amomuml) herbaceos perennial, is conventional perfumes, has again higher medical value.Tsaoko plant and flower have dimorphism: according to the behavior difference of floral organ on space-time, the flower of tsaoko is divided into OOU and OND two type, and these two kinds of flowers result from different plant respectively, therefore tsaoko plant is also divided into OOU type plant and OND type plant two kinds thereupon.Two types spend 5-6 o'clock all in the morning open, OOU type flower the flowers are in blossom the morning put time, flower pesticide also ftractures, and start loose powder, and column cap is upwards away from self flower pesticide, i.e. " open, open, on "; OND type flower be then the flowers are in blossom the morning put time, flower pesticide does not break, not loose powder, and column cap is downward, i.e. " open, do not open, under ", and the afternoon OND type flower of arriving just starts loose powder, show column cap holds for.The morning by OOU type plant for OND type plant provides pollen, afternoon then by OND type plant for OOU type plant provides pollen.Therefore, tsaoko colony shows the outcrossing frequency of height, keeps height heterozygous state.In natural population, OOU and OND type plant ratio is 1:1.But OND type tsaoko fruit character is obviously better than OOU type, and main manifestations is under field conditions (factors), OND type tsaoko fruit-setting rate is higher than OOU type, and single fruit fresh weight, single fruit Seed weight and single fruit kernal number are all apparently higher than OOU type simultaneously.Therefore under field conditions (factors), OND type tsaoko Yield and qualities is all higher than OOU type.In actual production, suitably increase OND type plant ratio in colony and can increase tsaoko cultivated population output, and improve tsaoko quality.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method being improved tsaoko population yield by type collocation, by suitably improving OND type plant ratio in tsaoko colony, thus improving tsaoko cultivated population output.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method being improved tsaoko population yield by type collocation, at tsaoko full-bloom stage, carry out the qualification of OND and OOU type plant, and to the bagging selfing respectively of OND and OOU type tsaoko, reserve seed for planting respectively, nursery respectively, because OND type tsaoko Grain-Filling Characteristics is better than OOU type, therefore OND and OOU type tsaoko ratio in reasonable disposition cultivated population, suitably increases OND type tsaoko ratio in colony, can improve tsaoko cultivated population Yield and qualities.
Further, a kind of method being improved tsaoko population yield by type collocation, the concrete steps of the method are:
Step one, carry out the qualification of OOU and OND type tsaoko plant in tsaoko full-bloom stage, method be at tsaoko full-bloom stage, in morning 6:00 arrive tsaoko cultivation place observation tsaoko and to bloom behavior and loose powder situation, now the tsaoko of two types is all bloomed.Bloom and namely start loose powder, to 8:30 pollen substantially disperse for OOU type; And not loose powder of blooming morning, flower pesticide is unchanged, and 13:00 starts loose powder, and what 16:30 dispersed substantially is OND type, and being listed respectively by this two types plant marks;
Step 2, two type plant described in step one are carried out self-pollination, reserve seed for planting respectively, method is to identifying, and OOU and the OND type tsaoko plant of mark, select also not open tsaoko inflorescence, whole inflorescence is placed in paper bag to prevent foreign pollen from pollinating, treat that bagging inflorescence Post flowering collects the pollen of flower certainly of this inflorescence, and manually invest on column cap after column cap is opened, the flower of bagging is regularly checked, takes off bag ventilation, prevent flower mould bad;
Step 3, when annual 10-11 month fruit maturation, plant division divides inflorescence to collect seed, and select pericarp aubergine, seed be silver gray, and the pleasantly sweet fruit of chewing is plucked, and from the fruit of harvesting, selects full, abundant maturation, plants without the fruit of damage by disease and insect;
Step 4, nursery respectively: during nursery, OOU and OND type tsaoko seed is planted respectively in different field, and carries out mark.First peel off pericarp before sowing, clean pulp, with Seed soaking 10-12 hour, wash away surperficial gelatinous layer with clear water again after rear ash or rough sand rubbing, backlight place is sowed after drying, with adopting with broadcasting;
Step 5, after planting more than 1 month, seed germinates unearthed substantially, and December to next year, February, germination rate reached more than 90%, transplanted after half a year of emerging;
Step 6, in proportion transplanting and field planting: carry out field planting early spring or autumn, on the forest land chosen, cleaning weeds and shrub; Regulate crown density 50% one 60%, dig dark 20-27 centimetre; Play the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of furrow, high 4 centimetres, dig cave by seeding row spacing in furrow, every mu is dug the 180-200 pool, cave, and the specification in cave is 40 cm x 40 cm x 30 centimetres, and in cave, compost, barnyard manure and baked wheaten cake soil make base manure, waits to plant after mixing thoroughly with table soil; Field planting every mu kind 500-550 seedling; Every cave field planting 2 seedling, the ratio of OOU and OND type tsaoko field planting is 1:3, often plants 1 cave OOU type seedling, plants 3 cave OND type seedling; To stagger between two types collocation.
Further, in described step 2, paper bag selected by bagging is: wide 40 centimetres, the sulfuric acid paper bag of high 50 centimetres.
Further, in described step 2, when taking off bag ventilation, prevent insect from entering.
Further, in described step 4, carry out seeding and seedling raising in the fall.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention by suitably improving OND type plant ratio in tsaoko colony, thus improves tsaoko cultivated population output.Application cost is cheap, obvious effect of increasing production, and can improve tsaoko quality simultaneously.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with example, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Improved a method for tsaoko population yield by type collocation, the concrete steps of the method are:
Step one, in tsaoko full-bloom stage carry out OOU and OND type tsaoko plant qualification, method be at tsaoko full-bloom stage, in morning 6:00 arrive tsaoko cultivation place observe, bloom and namely start loose powder, to 8:30 substantially disperse be OOU type; And not loose powder of blooming morning, flower pesticide is unchanged, and 13:00 starts loose powder, and what 16:30 dispersed substantially is OND type, and being listed respectively by this two types plant marks;
Step 2, two type plant described in step one are carried out self-pollination respectively, reserve seed for planting respectively, method is to identifying, and OOU and the OND type tsaoko plant of mark, select also not open tsaoko inflorescence, whole inflorescence is placed in paper bag to prevent foreign pollen from pollinating, treat that bagging inflorescence Post flowering collects the pollen of flower certainly of this inflorescence, and manually invest on column cap after column cap is opened, the flower of bagging is regularly checked, takes off bag ventilation, prevent flower mould bad;
Step 3, when annual 10-11 month fruit maturation, plant division divides inflorescence to collect seed, and select pericarp aubergine, seed be silver gray, and the pleasantly sweet fruit of chewing is plucked, and from the fruit of harvesting, selects full, abundant maturation, plants without the fruit of damage by disease and insect;
Step 4, nursery respectively: during nursery, OOU and OND type tsaoko seed is planted in different field respectively, and carry out mark, first pericarp is peelled off before sowing, clean pulp, with Seed soaking 10-12 hour, after rear ash or rough sand rubbing, wash away surperficial gelatinous layer with clear water again, backlight place is sowed after drying, with adopting with broadcasting;
Step 5, after planting more than 1 month, seed germinates unearthed substantially, and December to next year, February, germination rate reached more than 90%, transplanted after half a year of emerging;
Step 6, in proportion transplanting and field planting: carry out field planting early spring or autumn, on the forest land chosen, cleaning weeds and shrub; Regulate crown density 50%-60%, dig dark 20-27 centimetre; Play the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of furrow, high 4 centimetres, dig cave by seeding row spacing in furrow, every mu is dug the 180-200 pool, cave, and the specification in cave is 40 cm x 40 cm x 30 centimetres, and in cave, compost, barnyard manure and baked wheaten cake soil make base manure, waits to plant after mixing thoroughly with table soil; Field planting every mu kind 500-550 seedling; Every cave field planting 2 seedling, the ratio of OOU and OND type tsaoko field planting is 1:3, often plants 1 cave OOU type seedling, plants 3 cave OND type seedling; To stagger between two types collocation.
Test example:
Implement ground situation: Honghe state, Yunnan Province Lvchun County.Base is positioned at distance county town, Lvchun County three km, longitude and latitude is 22 ° of 59 ' N, 102 ° of 23 ' E, height above sea level 1885 meters, belong to Subtropical Mountainous monsoon climate, make a clear distinction between the four seasons, average temperature of the whole year 16.6, DEG C average annual rainfall 2400mm, frost-free season is more than 340 days, vegetation is luxuriant, and be Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest, soil is based on black loam.
Implementation method: tsaoko full-bloom stage and May, 6:00 carries out tsaoko OOU and the qualification of OND type plant in the morning, and be OOU type tsaoko to what morning, 8:30 pollen dispersed, flower pesticide does not ftracture, and what do not have loose powder is OND type tsaoko.Lie on tsaoko plant with red plastic bags and white plastic bag to mark OOU and OND type plant type respectively.Adopt wide 40 centimetres, the sulfuric acid paper bag of high 50 centimetres carries out bagging to marking the still unopened tsaoko inflorescence of plant.Treat bagging inflorescence Post flowering, invest on the column cap of the flower of this inflorescence with the artificial pollen that gathers.October, the solid tsaoko pericarp of bagging inflorescence presents aubergine, can gather in the crops fruit, strips out seed afterwash pulp, washes away surperficial colloid, sow after drying with clear water after soaking 12 hours with coarse sand.During sowing, two types are planted respectively in different field, and carry out mark.Before sowing, arrange nursery lot, be split into wide 1.4 meters, high 20cm railway carriage or compartment.Adopt bar broadcasting method, drilling comes every 4.5 lis, digs the seed furrow 1 of about 3 centimetres, is then sprinkled in seed furrow by seed equably.Approximately there is one, seed every 1.5 centimetres, blinding half cun, then lid straw, trickle.Within after planting about 1 month, seedling is unearthed, and can transplant after half a year.
The method that cave is carried is adopted during transplanting.Planting density is every mu of 200 caves, and the specification in cave is 40 cm x 40 cm x 30 centimetres.Using compost in cave is base manure.During transplanting, often plant 1 cave OOU type tsaoko seedling, plant 3 cave OND type tsaoko seedling.Normal root water to be watered in time after field planting, then that soil is steady and sure.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (5)
1. improved a method for tsaoko population yield by type collocation, it is characterized in that, at tsaoko full-bloom stage, carry out the qualification of OND and OOU type plant, and to the bagging selfing respectively of OND and OOU type tsaoko, reserve seed for planting respectively, nursery respectively, transplants and field planting in proportion; Because OND type tsaoko Grain-Filling Characteristics is better than OOU type, OND and OOU type tsaoko ratio in reasonable disposition cultivated population, suitably increases OND type tsaoko ratio in colony, can improve tsaoko cultivated population Yield and qualities.
2. a kind of method being improved tsaoko population yield by type collocation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of the method are:
Step one, in tsaoko full-bloom stage carry out OOU and OND type tsaoko plant qualification, method be at tsaoko full-bloom stage, in morning 6:00 arrive tsaoko cultivate place observe, now tsaoko is bloomed, florescence is 1 day, blooms morning and namely starts loose powder, and the tsaoko substantially dispersed to 8:30 is OOU type; And bloom in the morning but not loose powder, 13:00 starts loose powder, and what 16:30 dispersed substantially is OND type, and this two type being listed respectively marks;
Step 2, two types described in step one are carried out self-pollination, reserve seed for planting respectively, method is to identifying, and OOU and the OND type tsaoko plant of mark, select also not open tsaoko inflorescence, whole inflorescence is placed in paper bag to prevent foreign pollen from pollinating, treat that bagging inflorescence Post flowering collects the pollen of flower certainly of this inflorescence, and manually invest on column cap after column cap is opened, the flower of bagging is regularly checked, takes off bag ventilation, prevent flower mould bad;
Step 3, when annual 10-11 month fruit maturation, plant division divides inflorescence to collect seed, and select pericarp aubergine, seed be silver gray, and the pleasantly sweet fruit of chewing is plucked, and from the fruit of harvesting, selects full, abundant maturation, plants without the fruit of damage by disease and insect;
Step 4, nursery respectively: during nursery, OOU and OND type tsaoko seed is planted in different field respectively, and carry out mark, first pericarp is peelled off before sowing, clean pulp, with Seed soaking 10-12 hour, after rear ash or rough sand rubbing, wash away surperficial gelatinous layer with clear water again, backlight place is sowed after drying, with adopting with broadcasting;
Step 5, after planting more than 1 month, seed germinates unearthed substantially, and December to next year, February, germination rate reached more than 90%, transplanted after half a year of emerging;
Step 6, in proportion transplanting and field planting: carry out field planting early spring or autumn, on the forest land chosen, cleaning weeds and shrub; Regulate crown density 50%-60%, dig dark 20-27 centimetre; Play the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of furrow, high 4 centimetres, dig cave by seeding row spacing in furrow, every mu is dug the 180-200 pool, cave, and the specification in cave is 40 cm x 40 cm x 30 centimetres, and in cave, compost, barnyard manure and baked wheaten cake soil make base manure, waits to plant after mixing thoroughly with table soil; Field planting every mu kind 500-550 seedling; Every cave field planting 2 seedling, the ratio of OOU and OND type tsaoko field planting is 1:3, often plants 1 cave OOU type seedling, plants 3 cave OND type seedling; To stagger between two types collocation.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step 2, paper bag selected by bagging is: wide 40 centimetres, the sulfuric acid paper bag of high 50 centimetres.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step 2, when taking off bag ventilation, prevents insect from entering.
5. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step 4, carries out seeding and seedling raising in the fall.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875166A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-08-24 | 云南省林业科学院 | Amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method |
| CN112075272A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko |
| CN113575141A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-02 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Storage method of fructus aurantii seeds |
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| CN112075272A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko |
| CN113575141A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-02 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Storage method of fructus aurantii seeds |
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