CN108739363A - A kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material - Google Patents
A kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739363A CN108739363A CN201810648935.9A CN201810648935A CN108739363A CN 108739363 A CN108739363 A CN 108739363A CN 201810648935 A CN201810648935 A CN 201810648935A CN 108739363 A CN108739363 A CN 108739363A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material, are related to breeding technology field.Using selection informative population initial population wide in variety, carries out two-wheeled recombination hybridization acquisition wheel and be reassembled back into group, multiple single plants with drought resisting high yield characteristics are filtered out using the drought resisting high yield of three rounds, as selected drought resisting SOYBEAN IN HIGH-YIELD BREEDING material after being verified.The present invention is remarkably improved breeding efficiency, and the drought resisting rice breed of selection and breeding is expected to be used for the improvement of rice varieties, and further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and Heredity of drought resistance Mechanism Study to have laid a good foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding technology field, more particularly to a kind of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material
Method.
Background technology
Rice (OryzasativaL.) is one of most important cereal crops, has supported world's population of more than half.Water
The production of rice has great importance safely to world food.It is estimated that the yield to the year two thousand fifty grain need to increase by one 50%
It disclosure satisfy that the demand of the growing population in the world.But but frequently suffered from the entire growth course of rice it is a variety of biology and
The adverse effect of abiotic stress includes mainly pest and disease damage, salt marsh, arid, flood, low temperature and high temperature stress etc..Its medium salting
It is to threaten two kinds of abiotic stress of Rice Production most serious with arid, especially in South Asia and south east asia and here
Plant and consumed the rice in the whole world about 90%.Therefore, during this requires breeder's Cultivars, water is being continuously improved
While the yield potentiality of rice, also to focus on resistance of the rice to various stress, that is, improve yield of the rice under stressful environmental.
Arid is that South Asia and country in Southeast Asia's rain is caused to support the main Stress Factors of the highland region rice underproduction.Arid is asked
Topic is similarly severe in China.Although the Rice Production in China is based on irrigating, as shortage of water resources problem is increasingly prominent
Go out, arid also becomes a great problem of China's Rice Production.Moreover, in many areas in Asia, salt marsh and the normal phase of arid
Occur together life.When water deficit occurs for salt marsh rice field, salinity will rise to earth's surface so that salinity increases around root system, leads
Dual adverse effect of the rice plant simultaneously by salt marsh and arid, the underproduction is caused to be further exacerbated by.
Most directly harm is exactly osmotic stress caused by moisture ten thousand lacks to arid so that in vain by base accumulation/film in plant body
Lipid peroxidation, metabolic disorder, growth and development are heavily suppressed.Drought stress is likely to occur in any one rank of paddy growth
Section.If drought stress is happened at early stage (sprout, seedling stage and divide the grain phase), emergence can be postponed and rice transplanting, plant strain growth slow down, divide grain
Number is reduced, and influences Population formation.If arid is happened at reproductive stage (panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, florescence and pustulation period), can lead
Setting percentage and grain is caused to be substantially reduced again.Under drought stress, drought resisting plant can pass through stomatal conductivity, osmotic adjustment, hormone tune
Section, anti-oxidation protection enzyme and the salt marsh problem in face of becoming increasingly conspicuous, the new rice variety for cultivating drought resisting are undoubtedly reduction grain
It eats security threat and improves the most important behave of rice yield.Rice Germplasm Resources are widely making a variation present on drought resistance, are
It cultivates drought-resistant variety and provides abundant material foundation.A variety of Physiology and biochemistry approach raisings such as drought induced-protein resist arid
Property.Associated many genes have also been cloned, the main correlation gene that has including osmotic adjustment synthesis, and transcription
Regulation and control gene related with signal transduction.
Salt marsh and arid are to seriously threaten two big abiotic stress factors of Rice Production, cultivate monoclonal antibody or resist more
Rice varieties are one of the effective ways for ensureing rice high yield and stable yields.Traditional crossbreeding pertains only to a few parent,
There is comprehensive parents it is few, hereditary basis is narrow the problems such as, and group cannot persistently be improved.And recurrent selection is considered
It is the horizontal optimal method of improvement breeding population character.But limited by male sterility gene, this breeding method is not yet
The extensive use in rice breeding.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention:A few parent is pertained only to for conventional hybridization breeding, there is comprehensive
The problems such as parent is few, hereditary basis is narrow is closed, recurrent selection selection and breeding drought resisting rice breed is utilized.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below:
Concrete operation step is as follows:
A kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material, comprises the steps of:
(1) it is that medium builds initial population to utilize the dominant androgenesis kind of rice, constructs two sets of initial populations altogether:Just
Beginning group I and initial population II;
(2) specific to walk by the parent material of initial population I and initial population II and the dominant androgenesis mixing breed of rice
It is rapid as follows:
(A) parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is in the first tenday period of a month in May
It sows, the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 101d, 16.1~17.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem is broadcast after 7d;
(B) maternal duration from seeding to heading 79d, 13.3~13.8 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 20d,
Poor 4.2~5.3 leaf of leaf;
(C) rice seedling bed application rate about 180kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 28d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 3, single plant band
Crop field is transplanted to when the above tiller.Female parent inserts 40~60 caves per square meter when rice transplanting, per 3 plants of cave, ensures per square meter Basic Seedling 150
Strain;Male parent inserts 30~50 Xue/㎡, and per 2 plants of cave, Basic Seedling is in 120 Zhu/㎡.Parental 3:10, seeding row spacing
16.7cmx20.Ocm, the wide 3.0m in compartment get hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the original of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear benefit "
Then, base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposes tillering fertilizer after turning green immediately.Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation;
(D) flower synchronization standard is maternal 1d heading more early than male parent, and female parent, which is shown in, can prescind sword-like leave 1/4 when fringe;
(E) artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 7:00~8:00
The dew rushed on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering catch up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo poles of 30min, continue daily 5~6 times, catch up with the powder time one
Directly continue to florescence Mo, the duration is in 10d;Each cross combination randomly selects 120 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation,
Experimental plot is separated with high 3.0 meters of plastic film to prevent the entrance of foreign pollen, before loose powder of blooming, rejects economical character
The single plant of difference when loose powder of blooming, manually catches up with powder with supple-mentary pollination, and after maturation, seed in sterile plant is mixed to be taken in into next round
Freely recombinate;
(3) step (3) is repeated, then carries out two round recombinations, the seed mixing harvest in sterile plant enters next round, and can
Educate screening of the seed mixing harvest for phenotype in strain;
(4) four wheels of acquisition are reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group carries out drought resisting, in the maturity period, according to strain and single plant
Overall performance select the single plant of excellent drought resisting high yield as final breeding material.
Preferably, the initial population I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines;Initial population II is hybridized by 25 in China
Common restorer is constituted in rice breeding.
Preferably, the phenotypic screen of drought resisting high yield, including a wheel high yield single plant screening and the drought resisting of continuous two-wheeled and
The intersection of high yield is screened.
Preferably, the dominant androgenesis kind of rice is " Pingxiang visible fault ".
It is further preferred that the introgressive line is accounted for as the hybridization of the donor of recurrent parent and 10 separate sources again with source treasured
The BC that continuous backcross obtains2F5Group forms by high yield, drought resisting screening selection and breeding.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
It is more that the present invention relates to parental breeds, and genetic background is abundant, and can persistently be improved to group, contributes to from molecule
Level improvement paddy drought resistance, improves breeding efficiency, and the drought resisting rice breed of selection and breeding is expected to be used for the improvement of rice varieties,
And further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and Heredity of drought resistance Mechanism Study to have laid a good foundation.
Description of the drawings
The building process of Fig. 1 recurrent selection populations.
AD1 and AD2 indicates to mix the seed received from the wheels of group I the 1st and the 2nd wheel fertile plant;KH1 and KH2 is indicated from group
II the 1st takes turns and the 2nd takes turns the seed for mixing and receiving in fertile plant.
Specific implementation mode
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to the inventive concept of the present invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1:
Test material includes 4 sets of recurrent selection populations (table 1).It is medium structure using kind " Pingxiang visible fault "
Build initial population.Two sets of initial populations are constructed altogether, these parent materials are hybridized with " Pingxiang visible fault ".
Initial population I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines, these introgressive lines are accounted for as recurrent parent and 10 with source treasured
The donor hybridization BC that continuous backcross obtains again of separate sources2F5Group forms (specific method by high yield, drought resisting screening selection and breeding
Referring to Chinese patent CN102524046A);Initial population II by 25 in China's hybrid rice breeding common restorer constitute,
It is as follows:
Parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is broadcast in the first tenday period of a month in May
Kind, broadcast the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 101d, 16.1~17.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem after 7d;
Maternal duration from seeding to heading 79d, 13.3~13.8 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 20d, leaf are poor
4.2~5.3 leaves;
Rice seedling bed application rate about 180kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 28d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 3, single plant band with
Crop field is transplanted to when upper tiller.Female parent inserts 40~60 caves per square meter when rice transplanting, per 3 plants of cave, ensures every 150 plants of square meter Basic Seedling;
Male parent inserts 30~50 Xue/㎡, and per 2 plants of cave, Basic Seedling is in 120 Zhu/㎡.Parental 3:10, seeding row spacing
16.7cmx20.Ocm, the wide 3.0m in compartment get hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the original of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear benefit "
Then, base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposes tillering fertilizer after turning green immediately.Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation;
Flower synchronization standard is maternal 1d heading more early than male parent, and female parent prescinds sword-like leave 1/4 when seeing fringe;
Artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 7:00~8:00 rushes
Dew on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering catch up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo poles of 30min, continue daily 5~6 times, the powder time is caught up with to hold always
Continue florescence Mo, the duration is in 10d;
Each cross combination randomly selects 120 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation, high 3.0 meters of the plastics in experimental plot
Film is separated to prevent the entrance of foreign pollen.Before loose powder of blooming, the single plant of performance difference is rejected.When loose powder of blooming, manually
Catch up with powder with supple-mentary pollination.
After maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round.In the recombination of next two round,
Seed mixing harvest in sterile plant enters next round, and the seed mixing in fertile plant harvests the screening for phenotype.Pass through
This mode, we have obtained 4 wheels and have been reassembled back into group, including two sets come from group I be named as AD1 and AD2, two sets are come
In vain KH1 and KH2 are named as in group II.Test material further includes standard control material, and wherein high yield check variety is five rich
Excellent 521, drought resisting check variety is green non-irrigated No. 1.
This 4 wheel is reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group AD1, AD2, KH1 and KH2 carries out drought resisting, including the high yield of a wheel
Single plant screens and the intersection screening of the drought resisting of continuous two-wheeled and high yield.Drought resisting screening is in summer coastal area progress, sowing
Between be June, after sowing 21 days transplanting normal irrigation 1 month is kept behind crop field, transplanting, water is drained later and is no longer irrigated
Until harvest.High yield screening is sowed in normal paddy field, is transplanted after 21 days, and entire breeding time keeps normal irrigation.
In the maturity period, the single plant of excellent drought resisting high yield is selected to obtain as final according to the overall performance of strain and single plant
Breeding material.
The parent material of 1 four sets of recurrent selection populations of table
The selection result is shown in Table 2
The number and yield of obtained drought resisting high yield single plant of 2 recurrent selection population of table in the phenotypic screen of 3 rounds
Note:Numerical value in bracket is the number of elite plant strain;GY represents single plant yield.
Table 2 lists the phenotypic screen result of 3 rounds.1500 single-strain plantings of each group are in water in the screening of first round
Field carries out the screening of high yield.198 single plants have been screened altogether, and group AD1, AD2, KH1 and KH2 contribute to 44,51,55 and 48 respectively
A single plant.The average product of these single plants is 62.3g.
77 single plants that the first round is selected in the phenotypic screen of the second round carry out respectively in dry land, normal paddy planting
The screening of drought resisting high yield.Each 5 row of single plant kind, often 12 plants of row.Excellent strain is screened in the overall performance for primarily looking at strain,
The reselection 1-5 best single plants in excellent strain.Under drought stress conditions, 175 have been selected altogether from 69 strains
The single plant of a drought resisting, the average product for being selected in single plant is 15.0g, under the conditions of normal paddy field, is selected from 72 elite plant strains
The single plants of 192 high yields.The average product of selected single plant is 61.0g, amounts to the 2nd wheel screening and obtains 367 drought resisting high yields
Fine individual plant.
In third round phenotypic screen, 367 selected single plants of the second wheel continue plantation in dry land and normal paddy field with
Carry out the screening of fine individual plant.Each 3 row of material kind, often capable kind 12 plants.Under drought stress conditions, the strain excellent from 77
Middle to select 1~3 best single plant respectively, the average product for being selected in single plant is 20.3g, under the conditions of normal paddy field, from 41
The single plant of 59 high yields is selected in elite plant strain, the average product for being selected in single plant is 33.3g, amounts to the 3rd wheel screening and obtains 165
A excellent single plant.
Embodiment 2:The yield of drought resisting production of high yielding materials is verified
It is selected in order to investigate yield and the overall performance of selected single plant, and relative to the advantage of standard control material
165 single plants and control material are planted in dry land and normal water Tanaka to investigate yield and its correlated traits.Control material includes
Five Feng You 521 (high yield control) and green No. 1 non-irrigated (drought resisting control).Having planted for selected single plant and control material is seeded in 2 kinds
Under experimental condition, transplanting is in crop field after sowing 21 days.Each material plants 3 rows, often 12 plants of row, and seeding row spacing is 20 × 20cm.
Using completely random district's groups experimental design, 2 repetitions are set.Heading stage is recorded when 50% single plant heading.When ripe, choose
3 single plants that neat and consistent is asked in each cell, measure single plant yield (grainyield, GY).Here high yield refers in normal water
Single plant yield is higher than five Feng You 521 under the conditions of field, and drought resisting refers to that single plant yield is higher than green non-irrigated No. 1 under the conditions of dry land.
The excellent material of these drought resisting high yields by identification continues the cell for planting into bigger, each material in next year
5 rows are planted, often 12 plants of row.Using randomized complete-block design, 2 repetitions are set.In the maturity period, 30 received among each cell are mixed
A single plant calculates average single plant yield.
Experimental result is as follows:
3 yield of table is significantly higher than the drought resisting high yield strain accordingly compareed
Five Feng You 521 of high yield control material has higher yield under the conditions of normal paddy field, but sensitive to salt marsh, dry
Yield under non-irrigated stress conditions is significantly lower than green non-irrigated No. 1 of drought resisting control material, and in these strains for screening acquisition, HG1 is in arid
The characteristic that high yield is still shown under stress conditions illustrates that its phenotype with drought resisting high yield, HG2-5 also have compared to the control group
Preferable drought resisting and high yield phenotype, its GY value of HG1-5 is above corresponding control group, while illustrating its characteristic with drought resisting
There is no lost units potentiality.
Remaining 4 (JH1-4) strain, it is all close with the yield of drought resisting control material under drought stress environment, illustrate
Characteristics of Drought is only remained in screening process, has lost part yield potentiality, but also can be used as the breeding material further screened,
Other high-yield varieties are improved, it is made to obtain Characteristics of Drought.
In conclusion that the present invention relates to parental breeds is more, genetic background is abundant, and can persistently be improved to group, has
Help improve paddy drought resistance from molecular level, improve breeding efficiency, the drought resisting rice breed of selection and breeding is expected to be used for rice
The improvement of kind, and further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and Heredity of drought resistance Mechanism Study to establish
Good basis.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
(1) it is that medium builds initial population to utilize the dominant androgenesis kind of rice, constructs two sets of initial populations altogether:Initial population
Body I and initial population II;
(2) by the parent material of initial population I and initial population II and the dominant androgenesis mixing breed of rice, specific steps are such as
Under:
(A) parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is broadcast in the first tenday period of a month in May
Kind, broadcast the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 101d, 16.1~17.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem after 7d;
(B) maternal duration from seeding to heading 79d, 13.3~13.8 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 20d, leaf are poor
4.2~5.3 leaves;
(C) rice seedling bed application rate about 180kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 28d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 3, single plant band or more
It is transplanted to crop field when tiller, female parent inserts 40~60 caves per square meter when rice transplanting, per 3 plants of cave, ensures per 150 plants of square meter Basic Seedling;Father
This inserts 30~50 Xue/㎡, and per 2 plants of cave, Basic Seedling is in 120 Zhu/㎡, parental 3:10, seeding row spacing 16.7cmx20.Ocm,
The wide 3.0m in compartment gets hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the principle of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear benefit ", use sufficient base fertilizer, turn green
Impose tillering fertilizer immediately afterwards;Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation;
(D) flower synchronization standard is maternal 1d heading more early than male parent, and female parent, which is shown in, can prescind sword-like leave 1/4 when fringe;
(E) artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 7:00~8:00 rushes
Dew on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering catch up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo poles of 30min, continue daily 5~6 times, the powder time is caught up with to hold always
Continue florescence Mo, the duration is in 10d;
(3) each cross combination randomly selects 120 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation, high 3.0 meters of the plastics in experimental plot
Film is separated to prevent the entrance of foreign pollen, before loose powder of blooming, rejects the single plant of performance difference, when loose powder of blooming, manually
Catch up with powder with supple-mentary pollination, after maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round;
(4) step (3) is repeated, then carries out two round recombinations, the seed mixing in sterile plant, which harvests, enters next round, and fertile plant
On seed mixing harvest for phenotype screening;
(5) four wheels of acquisition are reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group carries out drought resisting, in the maturity period, according to the whole of strain and single plant
Body surface now selects the single plant of excellent drought resisting high yield as final breeding material.
2. according to a kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material in claim 1, which is characterized in that described first
Beginning group I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines;Initial population II is by 25 common restorers in China's hybrid rice breeding
It constitutes.
3. according to a kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material in claim 1, which is characterized in that drought resisting is high
The phenotypic screen of production includes the single plant screening and the drought resisting of continuous two-wheeled and the intersection screening of high yield of a wheel high yield.
4. according to a kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material in claim 1, which is characterized in that rice is aobvious
Property androgenesis kind be " Pingxiang visible fault ".
5. according to a kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to lead
Enter be to be accounted for as the donor of the recurrent parent and 10 separate sources hybridization BC that continuous backcross obtains again with source treasured2F5Group is passed through
High yield, drought resisting screening selection and breeding form.
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Cited By (2)
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CN111436364A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-24 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Water-saving drought-resistant rice three-line sterile line cultivation method |
CN111436365A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-24 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method |
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CN106305410A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽省东昌农业科技有限公司 | Method for quickly breeding directly seeded rice varieties suitable for wheat stubble along Huaihe region |
CN106665332A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-17 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Method for carrying out recurrent selection breeding on water-saving and drought-resisting rice by utilizing dominant nuclear male sterile material |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111436364A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-24 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Water-saving drought-resistant rice three-line sterile line cultivation method |
CN111436365A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-24 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method |
CN111436365B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2023-08-18 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line |
CN111436364B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2023-08-18 | 上海天谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating three-line sterile line of water-saving drought-resistant rice |
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