CN111436365A - Water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method - Google Patents
Water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436365A CN111436365A CN202010219664.2A CN202010219664A CN111436365A CN 111436365 A CN111436365 A CN 111436365A CN 202010219664 A CN202010219664 A CN 202010219664A CN 111436365 A CN111436365 A CN 111436365A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation and discloses a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: hybridization to obtain F1And substitute F1Backcrossing the generation and the female parent to obtain BC1F1(ii) a Mixing BC1F1Directly sowing seeds and performing microscopic examination; planting the harvested rice stumps, and hybridizing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1Generation; directly sowing the harvested seeds, and performing microscopic examination; planting the harvested rice stakes, and hybridizing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1 generations; directly sowing the harvested seeds on a dry land, and performing microscopic examination; directly seeding the harvested seeds for transplanting; the invention obtains F through the hybridization of dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and a rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent characters1Hybrid; backcrossing with the rice variety to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; then carrying out secondary alternate backcrossing, and passing through mountain land (without plough base)And carrying out cross drought resistance screening and identification on the rice field (with a plough bottom layer) to obtain the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive properties and good drought resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation, in particular to a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method.
Background
Developing resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, and cultivating water-saving drought-resistant rice is a great demand for relieving water resource crisis, guaranteeing grain safety, ecological safety and food safety, guaranteeing sustainable development of agriculture, and is a great demand for economic stability and social harmonious development.
The food safety is related to national safety, people take food as the day, and the food is always the foundation for economic development, social stability and national independence. The country has given a high level of attention to food problems for a long time. Rice is one of the most main food crops in China, and plays a significant role in food safety in China historically, but in recent years, the average yield of rice in China always wanders up and down at 415 kg per mu, wherein drought and water shortage are one of the important reasons for reducing yield.
The high-yield rice bred in recent years is difficult to develop the yield-increasing potential, and the main reason is drought. In recent 5 years, drought frequently occurs, so that the average grain disaster area per year in China reaches 0.52 hundred million hectares, and the grain loss exceeds 600 hundred million kg. According to the prediction of weather experts, China is in a period of remarkably increasing wide-range drought frequency by 2050 years.
The agricultural water in China accounts for 70% of the total water consumption, and the rice production water accounts for more than 70% of the agricultural water consumption; the current habit of reserving water layers in rice planting fields is formed due to excessive dependence of rice on water, so that a large amount of greenhouse gas emission is caused, the emission amount of methane in the rice field is reported to be 19.73% of the emission source of methane in China, and excessive chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like flow into rivers and lakes along with excessive irrigation water or seep into underground water to cause eutrophication of the rivers and lakes, or soil salinization and fertility reduction in the rice irrigation areas due to serial irrigation. The effective solution provided by scientists is to realize dry-planting of rice, which is a rice variety needing drought resistance urgently.
In conclusion, the cultivation of new water-saving and drought-resistant rice varieties with high quality and high yield is an important national demand for developing water-saving agriculture and environment-friendly agriculture, relieving water resource shortage and guaranteeing grain safety and ecological safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line, wherein F is obtained by hybridizing a drought-resistant rice germplasm with strong drought resistance with a rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent characters1Hybrid; backcrossing with the rice variety to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; and then carrying out secondary alternate backcrossing, and carrying out cross drought resistance screening and identification on mountainous regions (without plough bottom layers) and paddy fields (with plough bottom layers) to obtain the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive properties and good drought resistance, thereby effectively solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line, which comprises the following steps:
s1: hybridization to obtain F1And substitute F1Backcrossing the generation and the female parent to obtain BC1F1；
S2: mixing BC1F1Directly sowing seeds and performing microscopic examination;
s3: planting the rice stakes harvested in S2, and crossing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1Generation;
s4: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S3, and performing microscopic examination;
s5: planting the rice stakes harvested in the S4, and hybridizing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1 generations;
s6: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S5 on a dry land, and performing microscopic examination;
s7: directly seeding and transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S6;
s8: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S7 on a dry land, and performing microscopic examination;
s9: planting the seeds harvested in the step S8;
s10: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S9 on a dry land;
s11: transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S10;
s12: the seeds harvested in S11 were propagated.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes:
selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice two-line sterility with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing with rice as male parent and collecting BC1F1Over 2000 grains of selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes:
and D, directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the S1 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are panicled, and selecting the single plants which have no normal pollen and are thorough in abortion to cut bags for regeneration.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes:
the rice stakes harvested in S2 are put into the field of Hainan province for planting, and when the rice stakes are spilt and blossoming, the rice stakes are used as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance are used as female parents for hybridization to obtain F1And (4) collecting over 10000 selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes:
and D, directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the S3 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are panicled, and selecting the single plants which have no normal pollen and are thorough in abortion to cut bags for regeneration.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S5 includes:
the rice stakes harvested in S4 are put into the field of Hainan province for planting, and when the rice stakes are spilt and blossoming, the rice stakes are used as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance are used as female parents for hybridization to obtain F1And (4) collecting over 10000 selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6 includes:
and (3) carrying out dry direct seeding on the selfing seeds harvested in the S5 in a mountain land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the selfing seeds when the anthers of the selfing seeds are spilt, selecting single plants which do not have normal pollen and are thorough in abortion, cutting bags for regeneration, and bagging to collect the selfing seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S7 includes:
and (3) planting the selfing seeds harvested in the S6 in a Hainan excellent rice field for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating the plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfing seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S8 includes:
and D, directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S7 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting strains without normal pollen, having thorough abortion and excellent agronomic characters, cutting bags and regenerating, bagging and mixing to obtain the selfing seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S9 includes:
planting the inbred seeds harvested in the step S8 in a Hainan excellent rice field block for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating the plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the inbred seeds;
step S10 includes:
directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S9 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting single plants which have no normal pollen, complete abortion and excellent agronomic characters, cutting bags and regenerating, and bagging the single plants to collect inbred seeds;
step S11 includes:
transplanting the seeds harvested in the S10 in a Hainan excellent rice field, cutting off water and drought stress when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, selecting strains with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, bagging and collecting inbred seeds;
step S12 includes:
and (4) carrying out expanded propagation on a large number of bagged selfing seeds harvested in the S11 according to the original seed propagation process of the two-line sterile line, and using the seeds for cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
1. f is obtained by hybridizing the dry rice with strong drought resistance with the rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent characters1Hybrid; backcrossing with the rice variety to obtain BC1F1Selfing again; and then carrying out secondary alternate backcrossing, and carrying out cross drought resistance screening and identification on mountainous regions (without plough bottom layers) and paddy fields (with plough bottom layers) to obtain the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive properties and good drought resistance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
For better understanding of the above technical solutions, the following detailed descriptions will be provided in conjunction with the drawings and the detailed description of the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice two-line sterility (S) with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing with rice as male parent and collecting BC1F1Over 2000 selfing seeds;
(2) directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step (1) in a dry mode in a mountain land (without a plough layer), not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are subjected to ear-picking, and selecting single plant cutting bags without normal pollen and complete abortion to regenerate;
(3) and (3) carrying the rice stakes harvested in the step (2) to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing by taking the rice stakes as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance as female parents when the rice stakes are sprouted and blossomed to obtain F1Collecting over 10000 selfed seeds;
(4) directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the step (3) in a dry mode in a mountain land (without a plough layer), not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are subjected to ear-picking, and selecting single plant cutting bags without normal pollen and complete abortion to regenerate;
(5) and (3) carrying the rice stakes harvested in the step (4) to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing by taking the rice stakes as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance as female parents when the rice stakes are sprouted and blossomed to obtain F1Collecting over 10000 selfed seeds;
(6) directly sowing the harvested selfing seeds obtained in the step (5) in a dry mode in a mountain land (without a plough bottom layer), carrying out no artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the selfing seeds when the ears are taken out, selecting single plants which do not have normal pollen and are thoroughly abortive, cutting the bags for regeneration, and bagging to collect the selfing seeds;
(7) planting the selfing seeds harvested in the step (6) in a Hainan excellent rice field block (with a plough bottom layer) for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfing seeds;
(8) directly sowing the seeds harvested in the step (7) in a dry land (without a plough bottom layer), not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting a strain which does not have normal pollen, is thorough in abortion and excellent in agronomic characters, cutting the bag for regeneration, bagging and mixing to obtain selfed seeds;
(9) planting the selfing seeds harvested in the step (8) in a Hainan excellent rice field block (with a plough bottom layer) for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the selfing seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfing seeds;
(10) directly sowing the seeds harvested in the step (9) in a dry mode in a mountain land (without a plough layer), carrying out no artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting single plants which do not have normal pollen, are thorough in abortion and excellent in agronomic characters, cutting bags and regenerating, and bagging the single plants to collect inbred seeds;
(11) transplanting the seeds harvested in the step (10) in a Hainan excellent rice field block (with a plough bottom layer), cutting off water and drought stress when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, selecting strains with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds;
(12) propagating the seeds harvested in (11);
(12) and (3) carrying out expanded propagation on a large number of bagged selfing seeds harvested in the step (11) according to the propagation process of the two-line sterile line original seeds, and using the seeds for cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: hybridization to obtain F1And substitute F1Backcrossing the generation and the female parent to obtain BC1F1；
S2: mixing BC1F1Directly sowing seeds and performing microscopic examination;
s3: planting the rice stakes harvested in S2, and crossing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1Generation;
s4: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S3, and performing microscopic examination;
s5: planting the rice stakes harvested in the S4, and hybridizing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F1 generations;
s6: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S5 on a dry land, and performing microscopic examination;
s7: directly seeding and transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S6;
s8: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S7 on a dry land, and performing microscopic examination;
s9: planting the seeds harvested in the step S8;
s10: directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S9 on a dry land;
s11: transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S10;
s12: the seeds harvested in S11 were propagated.
2. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: step S1 includes:
selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and rice two-line sterility with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1And with F1Backcrossing with rice as male parent and collecting BC1F1Over 2000 grains of selfed seeds.
3. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S2 includes:
and D, directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the S1 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are panicled, and selecting the single plants which have no normal pollen and are thorough in abortion to cut bags for regeneration.
4. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S3 includes:
the rice stakes harvested in S2 are put into the field of Hainan province for planting, and when the rice stakes are spilt and blossoming, the rice stakes are used as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance are used as female parents for hybridization to obtain F1And (4) collecting over 10000 selfed seeds.
5. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S4 includes:
and D, directly sowing the selfing seeds harvested in the S3 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the single plants when the single plants are panicled, and selecting the single plants which have no normal pollen and are thorough in abortion to cut bags for regeneration.
6. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S5 includes:
the rice stakes harvested in S4 are put into the field of Hainan province for planting, and when the rice stakes are spilt and blossoming, the rice stakes are used as male parents and dry rice seeds with strong drought resistance are used as female parents for hybridization to obtain F1And (4) collecting over 10000 selfed seeds.
7. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S6 includes:
and (3) carrying out dry direct seeding on the selfing seeds harvested in the S5 in a mountain land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the selfing seeds when the anthers of the selfing seeds are spilt, selecting single plants which do not have normal pollen and are thorough in abortion, cutting bags for regeneration, and bagging to collect the selfing seeds.
8. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S7 includes:
and (3) planting the selfing seeds harvested in the S6 in a Hainan excellent rice field for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating the plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfing seeds.
9. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S8 includes:
and D, directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S7 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting strains without normal pollen, having thorough abortion and excellent agronomic characters, cutting bags and regenerating, bagging and mixing to obtain the selfing seeds.
10. The method for cultivating the two-line sterile line of the water-saving drought-resistant rice as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S9 includes:
planting the inbred seeds harvested in the step S8 in a Hainan excellent rice field block for transplanting, cutting off water and drought stress when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating the plants with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the inbred seeds;
step S10 includes:
directly sowing the seeds harvested in the S9 on a dry land, not carrying out artificial irrigation in the whole growth period to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are spilt, selecting single plants which have no normal pollen, complete abortion and excellent agronomic characters, cutting bags and regenerating, and bagging the single plants to collect inbred seeds;
step S11 includes:
transplanting the seeds harvested in the S10 in a Hainan excellent rice field, cutting off water and drought stress when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating strains with poor drought resistance, selecting strains with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, bagging and collecting inbred seeds;
step S12 includes:
and (4) carrying out expanded propagation on a large number of bagged selfing seeds harvested in the S11 according to the original seed propagation process of the two-line sterile line, and using the seeds for cultivation practice of water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
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