CN103262788A - Rapid breeding method for salt-tolerance rice variety - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid breeding method for a salt-tolerance rice variety, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. By selecting a rice variety called as Yancheng 156 as a female parent and a salt rice NO. 4 as a male parent, the rapid breeding method comprises the following steps of: hybridizing to obtain seeds of F0 generation, and carrying out accelerated propagation to obtain seeds of F1 generation; carrying out identification on a seed bud stage and a seedling-stage salt tolerance on the harvested seeds of F1 generation in a laboratory under the condition of a coastal saline soil with the saline concentration of 0.4%-0.5% to screen individual seedling plants growing normally; transplanting all of the screened individual seedling plants at the seedling age of 5-6 leaves to a coastal mud flat with the saline concentration of 0.3%-0.5%, growing and identifying the transplanted individual seedling plants under natural conditions, and selecting individual plant seeds of F2 generation with the yield and the quality superior to those of the Yancheng 156 when the individual plant seeds of F2 generation are mature; then constantly repeating the steps till 6 generations of individual plant seeds are selfed; and selectively breeding a conventional new salt-tolerance indica rice variety (system) with the salt tolerance of 0.4%-0.5% and high yield and good rice quality, named as a salt rice 3931.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention is a kind of quick breeding method of salt water resistance rice varieties, belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology, the selection of a kind of salt water resistance rice varieties of more specifically saying so.
Two, background technology
Saline land, whole world area accounts for land surface 1/3, accounts for 20% of world's total area under cultivation.About 2,000 ten thousand hm of China's saline land area
2 Because human soil of depending on for existence is just constantly being engulfed in all multifactor influences such as mankind's activity, the salinization of soil, the land area that can Gong cultivate reduces just day by day.Paddy rice is the second largest cereal crops in the whole world, about 2,000,000,000 mu of year cultivated areas, and the people in the whole world nearly 1/3 is staple food with rice.Be first cereal crops in China paddy rice, China's year cultivated area 0.33 hundred million hm
2 About, be 1/3 of national grain acreage, and rice yield accounts for 44% of national total output of grain.From aspects such as China's water resource, weather and ecologies, except existing rice district, China also has some areas to be suitable for very much Rice Production, but owing to the salination of soil fails to plant.Therefore cultivate the salt water resistance rice varieties or be availability and the economic benefit that improves saline and alkaline soil by the salt resistance ability that cultivation step improves paddy rice, alleviate one of preferred plan of world food crisis, significant.
There is larger difference in salt resistance between the rice germplasm resource, and salt tolerant mechanism is incomplete same again, and this is the basis of paddy rice salt tolerant screening varieties.The research that the salt water resistance rice varieties is cultivated in the whole world starts from 1940.Sri Lanka once promoted salt water resistance rice varieties Pokkali in 1945, but the time is not long.India also is the country that early carries out the salt tolerant rice breeding.China is since the salt tolerant paddy rice breeding research work seventies in last century (Tian Shaohua and brilliant luxuriant, 1987).Zhao Shouren etc. (1985) cooperate with the International Rice Research Institute, the resulting good salt water resistance rice varieties 80 ~ 85 of Screening and Identification in more than 500 parts of salt tolerant rice materials, this kind high capability of anti-salt alkali, stooling is strong, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, high yield characteristic is better, and it is also little to apply area.The screening of Fang Xianwen etc. (2004) 0.8%NaCI solution and 9 grades of evaluation methods of international paddy rice institute paddy rice salt resistance (Banos, 2002) obtains 6 parts of extremely salt-tolerant rice varieties in seedling stage.More than the research work great majority of screening salt water resistance rice varieties are that the typing rice varieties of having bred is carried out selection of salt tolerance, more selection of salt tolerance method and standard have been accumulated simultaneously, as identifying in the evaluation of seed germination phase, seedling stage, field growing middle and later periods Screening and Identification etc., obtained certain progress, as the screening salt resistance preferably rice varieties 80-85, Yancheng 156, salt rich 47 etc. are arranged, it is all little that these salt water resistance rice varieties are applied area, all also also uses in researchs such as breeding as the salt tolerant resource at present.Therefore, generally speaking salt tolerant rice variety selective progress is slow, can't satisfy on different Agro-ecology and the weather conditions demand to salt tolerant (Xian, round-grained rice type) rice varieties.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
At present, the research work great majority of screening salt water resistance rice varieties are that the existing typing kind of breeding is carried out selection of salt tolerance, from the low generation F of hybridization combo
1Seed selection salt water resistance rice varieties report does not almost have with regard to beginning successively to carry out selection of salt tolerance.The salt resistance that has filtered out rice varieties such as 80-85, Yancheng 156, salt rich 47 preferably can't satisfy on different Agro-ecology and the weather conditions demand to salt tolerant (Xian, round-grained rice type) rice varieties well.The invention provides a kind of salt water resistance rice varieties quick breeding method, namely is to be female parent, to be that male parent is hybridized the configuration combination with the rice varieties of large scale application with the salt tolerant rice germplasm, from F
1Just beginning successively to carry out under the coastal beach solonchak in laboratory (salt concentration is 0.4～0.5%) condition seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance identifies, and under coastal beach (salt concentration is 0.3～0.5%) natural conditions, carry out economical character Screening and Identification such as paddy growth middle and later periods salt resistance and output, breed conventional medium rice new varieties (being) salt of salt tolerant rice 3931, have higher seed selection efficient.
Technical scheme
1, the present invention is a kind of quick breeding method of salt water resistance rice varieties, may further comprise the steps:
(A) selecting to reach conventional medium rice kind Yancheng 156 of 0.3% for maternal with salt resistance, be for No. 4 male parent with the conventional medium rice kind of stable high yield salt rice, human configuration hybrid combination acquisition F
0 Seed will obtain F
0 The seed adding generation mixes and obtains F
1 For seed;
(B) with the F that gathers in the crops
1 Be to carry out the seed bud phase under 0.4～0.5% the coastal beach solonchak condition and Seedling Salt-tolerance is identified, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth at the laboratory salt concentration for 400-600 in seed;
(C) all to be transplanted to salt concentration when 5～6 leaf ages be to plant under 0.3～0.5% coastal beach natural conditions to the normal seedling individual plant of the growth that will filter out, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out middle and later periods salt resistance and the yield and quality character screening of paddy growth and identify, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F that contrasts Yancheng 156 when ripe
2 For single-strain seed;
(D) F that will gather in the crops last year
2 Be to carry out seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance under 0.4～0.5% coastal beach solonchak condition to identify at the laboratory salt concentration again for single-strain seed 100-300 grain, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth all is transplanted to salt concentration again when 5～6 leaf ages be to plant under 0.3～0.5% coastal beach natural conditions, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out middle and later periods salt resistance and the yield and quality character screening of paddy growth and identify, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F that contrasts Yancheng 156 when ripe
3 For single-strain seed;
(E) repeat continuously (D) work after, selfing limit, limit is selected, and 6 generations of selfing are to F again
9 Select salt resistance and reach 0.4～0.5%, output is better than Yancheng contrast 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the conventional medium rice new varieties of the salt tolerant in contrast Yancheng 156 or new lines.
Breed the conventional medium rice new varieties of salt tolerant or new lines and name and be salt rice 3931, have following feature: ripe medium rice variety type in this product kind, make rice culture in the single cropping in Jiangsu, the 140 days time of infertility was than contrast Yancheng 156 slow ripe 4～5 days; Plant height 115cm, than contrast Yancheng 156 high 3～5 cm, 17 of stem total leaf numbers, 5 elongation internodes; Tillering ability is medium, the percentage of earbearing tiller 65%, and general mu is fringe 16～180,000 effectively, lack 2～30,000/mu than contrast Yancheng 156; The big grain of big fringe, 140 of average every total grain panicles, than more than 156 20 in contrast Yancheng, ripening rate is similar with contrast Yancheng 156, and thousand kernel weight is similar with contrast Yancheng 156, the grain of rice shape that is translucent, less than contrast Yancheng 156, palatability is better, organizes salt tolerant new rice variety variety comparative test in the saline land of coastal beach salt content 0.3～0.5% in vain for exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate, salt rice 3931 residential quarter average yields are amounted to per mu yield all more than 600 kilograms, than contrast Yancheng 156 volume increase 8-10%.
Beneficial effect
The conventional medium rice kind of the salt tolerant salt rice 3931 that utilizes the present invention to breed, salt rice 3931 has following beneficial effect:
(1) salt resistance is better
2010-2012, seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance evaluation under the coastal beach solonchak in laboratory (salt concentration is 0.4-0.5%) condition in continuous 3 years, salt rice 3931 salt resistances reach 0.5% level, apparently higher than check variety (Yancheng 156 salt resistances reach 0.4%);
2010-2012, our unit organized salt tolerant new rice variety (being) variety comparative test in the saline land of the coastal beach salt content 0.3-0.5% of Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province in continuous 3 years, salt rice 3931 salt resistances reach the 0.4-0.5% level, apparently higher than check variety (Yancheng 156 salt resistances reach 0.3%).
(2) output is higher, yield stability good
2010-2012, our unit organized salt tolerant new rice variety variety comparative test in the saline land of the coastal beach salt content 0.3-0.5% of Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province in continuous 3 years, and salt rice 3931 is all had outstanding performance, and yield stability is good between year.The residential quarter average yield was amounted to 610.5 kilograms of per mu yields in 2010, than 156 volume increase 8.65% of contrast Yancheng, reached utmost point significance level; The residential quarter average yield was amounted to 621.3 kilograms of per mu yields in 2011, than 156 volume increase 9.36% of contrast Yancheng, also reached utmost point significance level; The residential quarter average yield was amounted to 621.3 kilograms of per mu yields in 2012, than 156 volume increase 9.28% of contrast Yancheng, also reached utmost point significance level.
2010-2012, salt rice 3931 shows in the demonstration of the saline land of jiangsu coast beach salt content 0.3-0.5% and high-yield culturing result of the test, general per mu yield 600-650 kilogram, yield potentiality can reach about 700 kilograms of per mu yields.
(3) economical character is good
Ripe medium rice variety type during salt rice 3931 belongs to.Make rice culture in the single cropping in Jiangsu, the 140 days time of infertility was than contrast Yancheng 156 slow ripe 4-5 days; Seedling is short strong stocky, and bud scale is short and thick colourless, and blade is very short, leaf look green, and seedling stage, property in great numbers was better; Become the strain plant type compact, cane is sturdy, plant height 115cm, and than contrast Yancheng 156 high 3-5 cm, 17 of stem total leaf numbers, 5 elongation internodes; Tillering ability is medium, the percentage of earbearing tiller about 65%, and general mu is fringe 16～180,000 effectively, lack 2-3 ten thousand/mu than contrast Yancheng 156; The big grain of big fringe, about 140 of every total grain panicles are than about more than 156 20 in contrast Yancheng, ripening rate about 90%, similar with contrast Yancheng 156, about thousand kernel weight 30 grams, similar with contrast Yancheng 156, it is yellow that grain is, elongated and full, aspect ratio 3.0 is better than contrasting Yancheng 156 (aspect ratio 2.3), and short awns is arranged.The grain of rice shape that is translucent, the trusted subordinate is in vain little, and exterior quality obviously is better than contrasting Yancheng 156, and palatability is better.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1:The conventional medium rice new varieties of the salt tolerant of breeding for the present invention salt rice 3931 breeding line spectrograms.
Five, embodiment
Further specify the quick breeding method of a kind of salt water resistance rice varieties of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
(A) Yancheng, summer calendar year 2001 Jiangsu, (characteristics are that salt resistance reaches 0.3% in conventional medium rice kind Yancheng 156 that selection is bred with Jiangsu Inst. of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences, the ripe phase early, on in the yield level, the sense bacterial leaf-blight, middle blast resisting, rice matter is medium, 1987 by the Jiangsu variety certification) be maternal, No. 4 (characteristics are that the ripe phase is moderate to the conventional medium rice kind salt rice of breeding with the jiangsu coast area institute of agricultural sciences, stable high yield, middle bacterial blight-resisting, blast resisting, rice matter is more excellent, salt tolerant not, nineteen ninety-five is by the Jiangsu variety certification) be male parent, human configuration hybrid combination obtains F
0 Seed; Sanya, winter calendar year 2001 Hainan will obtain F
0 The seed adding generation mixes and obtains F
1 For seed (about 500);
(B) Yancheng, Jiangsu in 2002 is with the F of results
1 All under the coastal beach solonchak in laboratory (salt concentration is 0.4～0.5%) condition, carry out seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance for seed and identify, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth;
(C) Yancheng, Jiangsu in 2002, the salt tolerant that filters out is good, the normal seedling individual plant of growth all is transplanted to when 5～6 leaf ages under coastal beach (salt concentration is 0.3～0.5%) natural conditions and is planted, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out economical character Screening and Identification such as the middle and later periods salt resistance of paddy growth and output, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F in contrast Yancheng 156 when ripe
2 For single-strain seed (about 200);
(D) Yancheng, Jiangsu in 2003, the F that will gather in the crops last year
2 All carrying out seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance again for single-strain seed under the coastal beach solonchak in laboratory (salt concentration is 0.4～0.5%) condition identifies, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth all is transplanted to when 5～6 leaf ages under coastal beach (salt concentration is 0.3～0.5%) natural conditions again and is planted, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out middle and later periods output, the quality economical character Screening and Identification of paddy growth, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F that contrasts Yancheng 156 when ripe
3 For single-strain seed (about 200);
(E) repeat continuously (D) work after, selfing limit, limit is selected, and 6 generations of selfing are to F again
9 Select salt resistance and reach 0.4～0.5%, output, quality all are better than contrasting the conventional medium rice new varieties (being) of salt tolerant in Yancheng 156, name to be salt rice 3931.
Conventional medium rice new varieties (being) salt of this salt tolerant rice 3931 has following feature:Ripe medium rice variety type in this product kind.Make rice culture in the single cropping in Jiangsu, the 140 days time of infertility was than contrast Yancheng 156 slow ripe 4-5 days; Seedling is short strong stocky, and bud scale is short and thick colourless, and blade is very short, leaf look green, and seedling stage, property in great numbers was better; Become the strain plant type compact, cane is sturdy, plant height 115cm, and than contrast Yancheng 156 high 3-5 cm, 17 of stem total leaf numbers, 5 elongation internodes; Tillering ability is medium, the percentage of earbearing tiller about 65%, and general mu is fringe 16～180,000 effectively, lack 2-3 ten thousand/mu than contrast Yancheng 156; The big grain of big fringe, about 140 of every total grain panicles are than about more than 156 20 in contrast Yancheng, ripening rate about 90%, similar with contrast Yancheng 156, about thousand kernel weight 30 grams, similar with contrast Yancheng 156, it is yellow that grain is, elongated and full, aspect ratio 3.0 is better than contrasting Yancheng 156 (aspect ratio 2.3), and short awns is arranged.The grain of rice shape that is translucent, the trusted subordinate is in vain little, and exterior quality obviously is better than contrasting Yancheng 156, and palatability is better.2010-2012, our unit organizes salt tolerant new rice variety variety comparative test in the saline land of the coastal beach salt content 0.3-0.5% of Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province, salt rice 3931 residential quarter average yields are amounted to per mu yield all more than 600 kilograms, than contrast Yancheng 156 volume increase 8-10%, reach utmost point significance level.
Salt rice 3931 is as follows in jiangsu coast beach culture technique main points:
Plant experimentally through test, salt rice 3931 is in the output structure of jiangsu coast beach per mu yield more than 600 kilograms: every mu of 16-18 ten thousand fringes, every fringe are more than 140, and ripening rate about 90% is about thousand kernel weight 30 grams.Jiangsu coast beach high-yield culturing should be given full play to big heavy advantage of salt rice 3931 fringes, on the basis of suitable spike number, attacks big fringe guarantor grain and weighs.Namely by cultivating the strong seedling of many tillers, rational close planting urgees early to send out early enough seedlings, and raising colony quality is accomplished fluently the high yield basis, and on the basis of guaranteeing suitable spike number, the short strong big fringe of bar is taken back again aim of high yield thereby reach big of fringe foot fringe.The technical essential that should grasp is:
(1) strong seedling is cultivated in optimum period light seeding.
Salt rice 3931 belongs to conventional medium rice type, and in the plantation of jiangsu coast beach, soil moved in to improve the original (or nonsaline soil) seedling raising method is generally taked in seedling, arrange sowing in the first tenday period of a month in May, watery ricenursery seeding quantity 25-30 kilogram/mu, non-irrigated seedling planting amount 35-40 kilogram/mu, land for growing field crops sowing quantity 2.5-3 kilogram/mu.Machine transplanting of rice seedling 20-25 day in general May is sowed, 3.0 kilograms/mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantities.The rice seedling bed will use sufficient base manure, early executes wean fertilizer, execute to send ingeniously and transfer fertilizer, and carries out rice seedling bed disease pest and weed control, to cultivate the strong seedling of of the right age many tillers.
(2) transplant rational close planting in good time.
Last, the transplanting in the middle ten days in general June of jiangsu coast beach, about 35 days water-raised seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, about non-irrigated 20 days seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, general 18-20 of the machine transplanting of rice seedling length of time rice seedlings grow days.Piece general fertility in coastal beach field is all relatively poor, plants 2.0-2.5 ten thousand caves for general every mu, plants the basic seedling 8-10 ten thousand of foot for every mu, will improve the quality of planting of field flatness and rice shoot simultaneously conscientiously.
(3) science rich water is coordinated colony.
3931 per mu yields of salt rice are cultivated more than 600 kilograms, and the total fertilizer requirement of Honda is amounted to about 20 kilograms/mu of purity nitrogens.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer are used in collocation, and phosphorus, potash fertilizer are main as base manure.Fertilizer application grasp " preceding heavy, in steady, back mend " principle, account for about 75% nitrogenous fertilizer early stage (base manure and tillering fertilizer), fringe granulated fertilizer accounts for about 25%.Before the paddy growth, take between whole water layer managements, overcast and rainy drained field water layer to reduce the field salt with long-pending rainwater mid-term, late growth stage of rice is taked the mode of moistening irrigation, requirement was sent out foot in 15-20 days and is waited the fringe seedling planting the back, when mu stem tiller such as reaches at the fringe seedling, the field is gently put in the draining gradation, can not heavily put the field, in case the soil salt rises, the control peak seedling is no more than 250,000/mu, becomes at last about fringe 180,000/mu.Gathered in the crops ponding between drained field preceding about 7 days.
(4) the anti-worm of curing the disease, keeping a full stand of seedings increases fringe.
According to the pests occurrence rule of disease, worm, crop smothering, in time carry out preventing and controlling.The with medicament seed soaking prevents and treats seed-borne diseases such as bakanae disease and Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice before broadcasting.Nursery period,, emphasis did a good job of it the control of rice thrips, small brown rice planthopper, aphid, Honda phase emphasis carry out a generation, two generation striped rice borer, pink rice borer, leaf-roller, rice fulgorid, bacterial leaf-blight, banded sclerotial blight, black streak dwarf and the preventing and controlling of damage by disease and insect such as rice blast and weeds, to guarantee the rice seedling normal growth, to keep a full stand of seedings that increasing fringe strives for high yield.
Claims (2)
1. the present invention is a kind of quick breeding method of salt water resistance rice varieties, may further comprise the steps:
(A) selecting to reach conventional medium rice kind Yancheng 156 of 0.3% for maternal with salt resistance, be for No. 4 male parent with the conventional medium rice kind of stable high yield salt rice, human configuration hybrid combination acquisition F
0 Seed will obtain F
0 The seed adding generation mixes and obtains F
1 For seed;
(B) with the F that gathers in the crops
1 Be to carry out the seed bud phase under 0.4～0.5% the coastal beach solonchak condition and Seedling Salt-tolerance is identified, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth at the laboratory salt concentration for 400-600 in seed;
(C) all to be transplanted to salt concentration when 5～6 leaf ages be to plant under 0.3～0.5% coastal beach natural conditions to the normal seedling individual plant of the growth that will filter out, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out middle and later periods salt resistance and the yield and quality character screening of paddy growth and identify, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F that contrasts Yancheng 156 when ripe
2 For single-strain seed;
(D) F that will gather in the crops last year
2 Be to carry out seed bud phase and Seedling Salt-tolerance under 0.4～0.5% coastal beach solonchak condition to identify at the laboratory salt concentration again for single-strain seed 100-300 grain, the normal seedling individual plant of screening growth all is transplanted to salt concentration again when 5～6 leaf ages be to plant under 0.3～0.5% coastal beach natural conditions, contrast Yancheng 156 is set, carry out middle and later periods salt resistance and the yield and quality character screening of paddy growth and identify, select output to be better than contrasting Yancheng 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the F that contrasts Yancheng 156 when ripe
3 For single-strain seed;
(E) repeat continuously (D) work after, selfing limit, limit is selected, and 6 generations of selfing are to F again
9 Select salt resistance and reach 0.4～0.5%, output is better than Yancheng contrast 156, exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate in vain less than the conventional medium rice new varieties of the salt tolerant in contrast Yancheng 156 or new lines.
2. according to the quick breeding method of the described a kind of salt water resistance rice varieties of claim 1, it is characterized in that, breeding the conventional medium rice new varieties of salt tolerant or new lines names and is salt rice 3931, has following feature: ripe medium rice variety type in this product kind, make rice culture in the single cropping in Jiangsu, the 140 days time of infertility is than contrasting Yancheng 156 ripe 4～5 days late; Plant height 115cm, than contrast Yancheng 156 high 3～5 cm, 17 of stem total leaf numbers, 5 elongation internodes; Tillering ability is medium, the percentage of earbearing tiller 65%, and general mu is fringe 16～180,000 effectively, lack 2～30,000/mu than contrast Yancheng 156; The big grain of big fringe, 140 of average every total grain panicles, than more than 156 20 in contrast Yancheng, ripening rate is similar with contrast Yancheng 156, and thousand kernel weight is similar with contrast Yancheng 156, the grain of rice shape that is translucent, less than contrast Yancheng 156, palatability is better, organizes salt tolerant new rice variety variety comparative test in the saline land of coastal beach salt content 0.3～0.5% in vain for exterior quality grain of rice trusted subordinate, salt rice 3931 residential quarter average yields are amounted to per mu yield all more than 600 kilograms, than contrast Yancheng 156 volume increase 8-10%.
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| CN104206217A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Rice-variety salt-tolerance evaluating method |
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