CN110313397B - Water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding method - Google Patents
Water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 108010050792 glutenin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003147 molecular marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 94
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 94
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100025912 Melanopsin Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010005417 melanopsin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat breeding methods, and discloses a water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding method. The main technical characteristics are as follows: selecting high-quality wheat and water-saving wheat parents with glutenin 5+10 subunits and the rye-base deletion molecular marker; planting the selected parents in an area suitable for planting winter wheat, and then hybridizing the two parents to obtain an F0 generation; backcrossing the F0 generation with high-quality wheat again to obtain a backcross F0 generation, and carrying out pregermination on the backcross F0 generation; the backcrossed F0 generation wheat after pregermination is planted in an area which is suitable for spring wheat planting and has the north latitude of 40.5-42 ℃; selecting high-quality marked wheat varieties in F1, F2 and F3 generations, then identifying the water-saving performance under different moisture conditions in F4-7 generations, selecting the varieties with good water-saving performance, and finally obtaining the water-saving high-quality wheat varieties. The three generations of breeding are completed within two years, the breeding time is shortened, and the selected variety has good water-saving performance, high quality and good stability of wheat variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat progeny selection breeding methods, and particularly relates to a winter wheat progeny selection breeding method.
Background
In the breeding process of winter wheat, a variety with required performance is obtained through parent hybridization. Because winter wheat needs vernalization and tillering characteristics, the following defects exist in the current breeding: firstly, one generation of wheat is generally adopted during breeding, the breeding period is long, and the popularization of new wheat varieties is not facilitated; secondly, after the parents adopt high-quality wheat varieties and water-saving wheat to be hybridized to obtain F0 generations when selecting the water-saving high-quality winter wheat varieties, breeding from the F1 generation to the high generation is directly carried out, and the high-quality stability of the wheat is poor; thirdly, the high quality and the water saving performance are compared in each generation of breeding, so that the test steps are complicated and the test workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding method which has the advantages of short breeding time, low seed selection cost, less occupied land, high efficiency, pure variety and high seed selection accuracy.
In order to solve the problems, the method for selecting, pulling and breeding the water-saving high-quality winter wheat adopts the technical scheme that:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, selecting parents
Selecting a water-saving wheat material and a high-quality wheat material with a glutelin 5+10 subunit and a rye alkali deletion molecular marker as parents;
second, planting and crossing to obtain F0 generation
Planting the selected parents in an area suitable for planting winter wheat in a normal winter, then hybridizing the two parents, and taking the harvested wheat as F0 generation;
thirdly, backcrossing the F0 generation with high-quality wheat again to obtain a backcross F0 generation
Planting F0 generation and high-quality wheat parent in a field in a normal winter wheat planting season, transferring wheat seedlings of the two types of wheat to a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers by the F0 generation wheat, backcrossing the wheat containing the related markers as female parent with the high-quality wheat parent, and harvesting the mature wheat in 3 months to obtain backcrossed F0 generation seeds;
fourthly, backcross F0 generation pregermination
Carrying out germination accelerating on the backcross F0 generation;
fifthly, planting again to obtain F1 generation
Carrying out natural vernalization in summer by utilizing cold and cool climate and then carrying out selfing propagation on the backcross F0 generation wheat after germination acceleration in an area where the northern latitude is 40.5-42 ℃ and the spring wheat is suitable for planting;
sixthly, harvesting to obtain F1 generation
Harvesting wheat after planting backcross F0 generations in about 8 months, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers before harvesting, and taking the wheat containing the glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers as F1 generations;
seventhly, selecting high-quality marked wheat varieties
Observing the heterosis of the combination and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of 5+10 subunits of the glutelin and the melanopsin in the F2 generation;
(II) selecting individual plants from the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten;
(III) selecting single plants and selecting excellent plant lines at the same time in the F4 generation, mainly selecting single plants which are strong in tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g in thousand kernel weight, full in grains, good in cold resistance and good in plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line;
(IV) selecting a single plant from F5-F7 generations, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting a single plant with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye alkali loss at the plant line level, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of the offspring and detecting the gluten index of the key plant line;
eighthly, identifying the water-saving performance under different water content conditions, and selecting the strain with good water-saving performance
(I) F5-7 generation, selecting single plant or strain, high yield and quality identification
Identification conditions: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base;
and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type;
and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali;
(II) yield comparison test of the new strain:
repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that the drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain materials harvested in the F4-F7 generation are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye alkali deletion molecular markers are detected.
The additional technical characteristics are as follows:
in the step of planting again in the fifth step to obtain F1 generation, planting the backcrossed F0 generation wheat after germination in an area which is suitable for spring wheat planting and has a north latitude of 41.7-41.9 ℃;
in the fourth step of pregermination of backcross F0 generation, the pregermination time is 24 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the wheat progeny selection breeding method provided by the invention has the following advantages: because the method comprises the following steps:
first, selecting parents
Selecting a water-saving wheat material and a high-quality wheat material with a glutelin 5+10 subunit and a rye alkali deletion molecular marker as parents;
second, planting and crossing to obtain F0 generation
Planting the selected parents in an area suitable for planting winter wheat in a normal winter, then hybridizing the two parents, and taking the harvested wheat as F0 generation;
thirdly, backcrossing the F0 generation with high-quality wheat again to obtain a backcross F0 generation
Planting F0 generation and high-quality wheat parent in a field in a normal winter wheat planting season, transferring wheat seedlings of the two types of wheat to a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers by the F0 generation wheat, backcrossing the wheat containing the related markers as female parent with the high-quality wheat parent, and harvesting the mature wheat in 3 months to obtain backcrossed F0 generation seeds;
fourthly, backcross F0 generation pregermination
Carrying out germination accelerating on the backcross F0 generation;
fifthly, planting again to obtain F1 generation
Carrying out natural vernalization in summer by utilizing cold and cool climate and then carrying out selfing propagation on the backcross F0 generation wheat after germination acceleration in an area where the northern latitude is 40.5-42 ℃ and the spring wheat is suitable for planting;
sixthly, harvesting to obtain F1 generation
Harvesting wheat after planting backcross F0 generations in about 8 months, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers before harvesting, and taking the wheat containing the glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers as F1 generations;
seventhly, selecting high-quality marked wheat varieties
Observing the heterosis of the combination and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of 5+10 subunits of the glutelin and the melanopsin in the F2 generation;
(II) selecting individual plants from the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten;
(III) selecting single plants and selecting excellent plant lines at the same time in the F4 generation, mainly selecting single plants which are strong in tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g in thousand kernel weight, full in grains, good in cold resistance and good in plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line;
(IV) selecting a single plant from F5-F7 generations, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting a single plant with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye alkali loss at the plant line level, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of the offspring and detecting the gluten index of the key plant line;
eighthly, identifying the water-saving performance under different water content conditions, and selecting the strain with good water-saving performance
(I) F5-7 generation, selecting single plant or strain, high yield and quality identification
Identification conditions: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base;
and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type;
and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali;
(II) yield comparison test of the new strain:
repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that the drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain materials harvested in the F4-F7 generation are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye alkali deletion molecular markers are detected.
The method comprises the steps of firstly hybridizing a winter wheat planting region at normal temperature to obtain F0 generations, then planting the winter wheat planting region at normal temperature, then transferring wheat seedlings into a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, promoting the production of the wheat seedlings in the greenhouse, hybridizing an F0 generation with high-quality wheat during the growth process to obtain a backcross F0 generation, maturing the backcross F0 generation in 3 months, accelerating germination of the harvested backcross F0 generation, planting the wheat seedlings in a region suitable for spring wheat planting between 40.5 and 42 ℃ in northern latitude, harvesting the wheat seedlings in about 8 months, normally sowing the harvested wheat seedlings in the winter wheat region to perform a breeding test, completing three-generation breeding within two years, shortening the breeding time, and hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat again to enable the high-quality performance to be more stable; firstly, observing the advantages of the combined hybrid in the F2 generation, and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye-triticale; selecting individual plants in the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten; selecting single plants in the F4 generation, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting single plants with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand-grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant types by taking balance 4399 and master Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye-alkali deficiency, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line; selecting single plants in the F5-7 generation, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting single plants with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand-grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant types by taking balance 4399 and master Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten, and detecting the gluten index of the key plant lines; then selecting single plants or strains for high yield and quality identification in the F5-7 generation, wherein the identification conditions are as follows: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base; and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type; and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali; finally, carrying out a new strain yield comparison test: repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain line materials harvested in F4-F7 generations are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali lack molecular markers are detected, so that the selected varieties are good in water conservation performance and quality, the seed selection time is shortened, the wheat varieties are good in stability, the method realizes effective combination of conventional seed selection and molecular marker auxiliary selection, and effective innovation is realized on water conservation and high quality seed selection work.
And in the step of planting again in the fifth step to obtain the F1 generation, the backcrossed F0 generation wheat after germination is planted in an area which is suitable for spring wheat planting between 41.7 and 41.9 degrees of north latitude, and is more suitable for vernalization and tillering growth of winter wheat varieties.
In the fourth step of accelerating germination of backcross F0 generations, the accelerating germination time is 24 hours, so that the vernalization effect of the wheat seeds after accelerating germination is better.
Detailed Description
The method for water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The method for selecting and breeding wheat progeny comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, selecting parents
Selecting a water-saving wheat material and a high-quality wheat material with a glutelin 5+10 subunit and a rye alkali deletion molecular marker as parents;
second, planting and crossing to obtain F0 generation
Planting the selected parents in an area suitable for planting winter wheat in a normal winter, then hybridizing the two parents, and taking the harvested wheat as F0 generation;
thirdly, backcrossing the F0 generation with high-quality wheat again to obtain a backcross F0 generation
Planting F0 generation and high-quality wheat parent in a field in a normal winter wheat planting season, transferring wheat seedlings of the two types of wheat to a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers by the F0 generation wheat, backcrossing the wheat containing the related markers as female parent with the high-quality wheat parent, and harvesting the mature wheat in 3 months to obtain backcrossed F0 generation seeds;
fourthly, backcross F0 generation pregermination
Carrying out germination accelerating on the backcross F0 generation;
fifthly, planting again to obtain F1 generation
Carrying out natural vernalization in summer by utilizing cold and cool climate and then carrying out selfing propagation on the backcross F0 generation wheat after germination acceleration in an area where the northern latitude is 40.5-42 ℃ and the spring wheat is suitable for planting;
sixthly, harvesting to obtain F1 generation
Harvesting wheat after planting backcross F0 generations in about 8 months, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers before harvesting, and taking the wheat containing the glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers as F1 generations;
seventhly, selecting high-quality marked wheat varieties
Observing the heterosis of the combination and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of 5+10 subunits of the glutelin and the melanopsin in the F2 generation;
(II) selecting individual plants from the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten;
(III) selecting single plants and selecting excellent plant lines at the same time in the F4 generation, mainly selecting single plants which are strong in tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g in thousand kernel weight, full in grains, good in cold resistance and good in plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line;
(IV) selecting a single plant from F5-F7 generations, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting a single plant with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye alkali loss at the plant line level, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of the offspring and detecting the gluten index of the key plant line;
eighthly, identifying the water-saving performance under different water content conditions, and selecting the strain with good water-saving performance
(I) F5-7 generation, selecting single plant or strain, high yield and quality identification
Identification conditions: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base;
and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type;
and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali;
(II) yield comparison test of the new strain:
repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that the drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain materials harvested in the F4-F7 generation are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye alkali deletion molecular markers are detected.
The method comprises the steps of firstly hybridizing a winter wheat planting region at normal temperature to obtain F0 generations, then planting the winter wheat planting region at normal temperature, then transferring wheat seedlings into a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, promoting the production of the wheat seedlings in the greenhouse, hybridizing an F0 generation with high-quality wheat during the growth process to obtain a backcross F0 generation, maturing the backcross F0 generation in 3 months, accelerating germination of the harvested backcross F0 generation, planting the wheat seedlings in a region suitable for spring wheat planting between 40.5 and 42 ℃ in northern latitude, harvesting the wheat seedlings in about 8 months, normally sowing the harvested wheat seedlings in the winter wheat region to perform a breeding test, completing three-generation breeding within two years, shortening the breeding time, and hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat again to enable the high-quality performance to be more stable; firstly, observing the advantages of the combined hybrid in the F2 generation, and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye-triticale; selecting individual plants in the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten; selecting single plants in the F4 generation, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting single plants with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand-grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant types by taking balance 4399 and master Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye-alkali deficiency, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line; selecting single plants in the F5-7 generation, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting single plants with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand-grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant types by taking balance 4399 and master Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten, and detecting the gluten index of the key plant lines; then selecting single plants or strains for high yield and quality identification in the F5-7 generation, wherein the identification conditions are as follows: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base; and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type; and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali; finally, carrying out a new strain yield comparison test: repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain line materials harvested in F4-F7 generations are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali lack molecular markers are detected, so that the selected varieties are good in water conservation performance and quality, the seed selection time is shortened, the wheat varieties are good in stability, the method realizes effective combination of conventional seed selection and molecular marker auxiliary selection, and effective innovation is realized on water conservation and high quality seed selection work.
And in the step of planting again in the fifth step to obtain F1 generations, planting the backcrossed F0 generation wheat after germination acceleration in an area which is suitable for spring wheat planting between 41.7 and 41.9 degrees north latitude, and is more suitable for vernalization and tillering growth of winter wheat varieties.
In the fourth step of accelerating germination of backcross F0 generations, the accelerating germination time is 24 hours, so that the vernalization effect of the wheat seeds after accelerating germination is better.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and is within the scope of the present invention as long as the structure of the method for selecting and breeding wheat progeny is the same as or similar to that of the method for selecting and breeding wheat progeny of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, selecting parents
Selecting a water-saving wheat material and a high-quality wheat material with a glutelin 5+10 subunit and a rye alkali deletion molecular marker as parents;
second, planting and crossing to obtain F0 generation
Planting the selected parents in an area suitable for planting winter wheat in a normal winter, then hybridizing the two parents, and taking the harvested wheat as F0 generation;
thirdly, backcrossing the F0 generation with high-quality wheat again to obtain a backcross F0 generation
Planting F0 generation and high-quality wheat parent in a field in a normal winter wheat planting season, transferring wheat seedlings of the two types of wheat to a greenhouse at the bottom of 11 months, hybridizing the F0 generation with the high-quality wheat, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali deletion molecular markers by the F0 generation wheat, backcrossing the wheat containing the related markers as female parent with the high-quality wheat parent, and harvesting the mature wheat in 3 months to obtain backcrossed F0 generation seeds;
fourthly, backcross F0 generation pregermination
Carrying out germination accelerating on the backcross F0 generation;
fifthly, planting again to obtain F1 generation
Carrying out natural vernalization in summer by utilizing cold and cool climate and then carrying out selfing propagation on the backcross F0 generation wheat after germination acceleration in an area where the northern latitude is 40.5-42 ℃ and the spring wheat is suitable for planting;
sixthly, harvesting to obtain F1 generation
Harvesting wheat after planting backcross F0 generations in about 8 months, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers before harvesting, and taking the wheat containing the glutelin 5+10 subunits and the rye-alkali deletion molecular markers as F1 generations;
seventhly, selecting high-quality marked wheat varieties
Observing the heterosis of the combination and detecting the molecular markers of the deletion of 5+10 subunits of the glutelin and the melanopsin in the F2 generation;
(II) selecting individual plants from the F3 generation, detecting glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers of the selected individual plants, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, and pre-evaluating the quality of the offspring gluten;
(III) selecting single plants and selecting excellent plant lines at the same time in the F4 generation, mainly selecting single plants which are strong in tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g in thousand kernel weight, full in grains, good in cold resistance and good in plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting glutenin 5+10 subunit and rye alkali missing molecular markers, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of offspring and detecting the gluten index of the F4 generation plant line;
(IV) selecting a single plant from F5-F7 generations, selecting excellent plant lines, selecting a single plant with strong tillering force, more than or equal to 40 grains per spike, more than or equal to 38g thousand grain weight, full grains, good cold resistance and good plant type by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference, continuously detecting molecular markers of glutenin 5+10 subunits and rye alkali loss at the plant line level, selecting 4-5 seeds to detect IG content, pre-evaluating the quality of the gluten of the offspring and detecting the gluten index of the key plant line;
eighthly, identifying the water-saving performance under different water content conditions, and selecting the strain with good water-saving performance
(I) F5-F7 generations, selecting single plant or strain, and making high yield and quality identification
Identification conditions: performing two treatments of spring 1 water and spring 2 water without repetition, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification by taking balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as a contrast; selecting drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, solidity, grain weight and stable yield of the material by an important point, and detecting the quality and quality stability of the material and the molecular markers of deletion of glutelin 5+10 subunit and rye-base;
and (4) high yield identification: using scale 4399 as a reference, selecting a single plant or a strain line which has strong tillering capacity, grain number per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 38g, full seeds, good cold resistance and good plant type;
and (3) quality identification: using teacher Luan 02-1 as a reference, detecting the content of insoluble gluten IG and gluten index, selecting index IG >3mg/100mg flour and gluten index >80%, and identifying and tracking deletion molecular markers of gluten 5+10 subunit and rye alkali;
(II) yield comparison test of the new strain:
repeating for 3 times, treating with spring 0 water, spring 1 water and spring 2 water, and performing water-saving high-yield quality stress resistance identification with balance 4399 and teacher Luan 02-1 as reference; the method has the advantages that the drought resistance, water conservation, disease resistance, fructification, grain weight and stable yield of strain materials harvested in the F4-F7 generation are selected, the quality and quality stability of the materials are detected, and the glutelin 5+10 subunit and the rye alkali deletion molecular markers are detected.
2. The method for water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step of planting again in the fifth step to obtain F1 generations, planting the backcrossed F0 generation wheat after germination in an area which is suitable for spring wheat planting and has a north latitude of 41.7-41.9 degrees.
3. The method for water-saving high-quality winter wheat selection breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step of pregermination of backcross F0 generation, the pregermination time is 24 hours.
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