CN102197784A - Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat - Google Patents
Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directed cultivation method for a drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat. The directed cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps: A, selectively pairing and hybridizing excellent complementary parent materials; and B, carrying out directed cultivation to select a new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield, wherein the step B is carried out according to the following operations: B-1, planting early-generation F1-4 materials under high water and fertilizer conditions, and selecting based on yielding ability; and B-2, taking higher-generation materials (above generation F5) in duplicate, respectively planting under high water and fertilizer conditions and drought stress conditions in an inter-generation water-drought alternation manner, and selecting the new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield. The selected new variety of winter wheat has outstanding drought resistance and water-saving property, and has the characteristics of high yielding potential and strong stress resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new crop varieties breeding technique field, especially a kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind different generations floods and droughts replaces directive breeding comprehensive selection technology.
Background technology
Wheat is one of China main food crop, and sowing area is 3.4 hundred million mu throughout the year, and 2.76 hundred million mu in wherein northern winter wheat district accounts for 60%.On the south the Great Wall, Hebei in the local area, in the Shanxi, the east, yan-an one band, Ningxia, Xinjiang, east, Gansu, nearly hundred million mu of year sowing areas, this district is located in arid and semiarid region, 50% wheatland waters wheatland and nonirrigated farmland wheatland for not protecting, and high and low great disparity of output and yield stability are poor, and the principal element of its influence is a drought and water shortage, the water resource deficiency is seriously restricting the raising of this district's yield of wheat and gross output, and directly affects the overall development of China's Wheat Production.According to reports, since the establishment of the nation, the raising of yield of wheat, the new varieties role accounts for 30～40%, so, the New Winter Wheat Variety of cultivating resisting drought saving water, high yield, improving grain yield and the deficient day by day contradiction of water resource to solve or to alleviate, is the effective way of the high-efficiency continuous agricultural of development.
Traditional winter wheat drought resisting breeding method is when paying attention to the drought resistance selection, the selection that has broken away from lodging resistance, disease resistance, yielding ability and yield stability, the winter wheat variety of seed selection under drought condition, often performance is anti-ly fallen under high water and fertilizer condition, disease resistance is poor, yield potentiality is low, stable yields not; And SOYBEAN IN HIGH-YIELD BREEDING disconnects with the resisting drought saving water breeding, and the winter wheat variety of seed selection usually shows not drought resisting, easily early ageing again under the high water and fertilizer condition.Face the practical problem that deficient day by day contradiction of wheat yield and water resource and improving yield of wheat and resisting drought saving water disconnect, be badly in need of the winter wheat breeding method of a kind of resisting drought saving water, the degeneration-resistant combination of high yield.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, and not only the resisting drought saving water performance is outstanding to make the kind select, has simultaneously that yield potentiality is big, the characteristics of strong stress resistance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method mainly may further comprise the steps: the apolegamy of A, excellent complementary parent material and hybridization: filter out excellent complementary parent material and hybridize from resisting drought saving water high yield germplasm resource material; The new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high is selected in B, directive breeding; Wherein said step B carries out according to following operation:
B-1, morning are for F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, select yielding ability;
B-2, F
5In generation,, above height was got in duplicate for material, planted under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress respectively; F
5The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
6In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
6In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; F
6The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
7In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
7In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; Carry out alternately plantation of floods and droughts between the generation by that analogy, select the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B-1, F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, its various excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties are given full expression to, emphasis is selected yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance, keeps multiple variation type as far as possible.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B-2, emphasis was selected morphological feature, resistance and the yield potentiality of material when high water and fertilizer condition was planted; Emphasis is selected the drought resisting yielding ability of material during the plantation of drought stress condition.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, described morphological feature mainly comprises the plant type and the fringe type of material, and described resistance mainly comprises the disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, after step B selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high, successively it is carried out following evaluation and cultivates operation: C, strain approval test; D, variety test of lines; E, province and national region adaptability are identified; F, variety certification; G, kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration; H, apply.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step C, described strain approval test is to carry out the correspondence plantation to identify under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress, under high liquid manure dense planting condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material, under the drought stress condition, emphasis is heavy, disease-resistant to the drought resisting of material, heat-resisting, yielding ability, fecundity, grain, hot-dry wind tolerance is selected, and quality material is carried out attributional analysis.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, described variety test of lines is strain evaluation among the step C to be showed excellent material further carry out the evaluation of drought resistance and output, carries out the detection of Physiology of Drought Resistance index, disease resistance evaluation, cold resistance evaluation and Quality Detection simultaneously.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, in the step e, described province and national region adaptability are identified and are comprised preliminary experiment, regional test and production test, yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of the main identification of species of described regional test, and yield stability and the adaptability of kind under different culture techniques and ecological condition under the evaluation different year, select comparison according to kind of volume increase 3～5% or more, the comprehensive good kind of proterties.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step G, described kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration mainly is that characteristics and the working condition at kind carries out the research of culture technique, carry out integrated to kind and culture technique, under the situation of producing,, provide scientific basis for applying in yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of planted in different ecological areas identification of species near the land for growing field crops.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be: the present invention is under high water and fertilizer condition, each good variation proterties of germplasm materials is given full expression to, carry out the selection of emphasis proterties, kept multiple variation type, help selecting of proterties such as yielding ability, disease resistance, lodging resistance; Select the drought resisting yielding ability under the drought stress condition, the selection of proterties such as utilizing high yield drought resistance, stalk toughness is arranged; Existing identical generation floods and droughts corresponding selection contrast, be connected up and down between having from generation to generation again and select relatively, output evaluation, drought resisting, degeneration-resistant, physiological detection and the multiple test of quality are carried out simultaneously, the transverse test comprehensive observing relatively, strengthen the selection dynamics, select excellent in excellent, multiple favourable proterties is taken into account simultaneously, the degeneration-resistant high-quality of winter wheat resisting drought saving water and high yield is organically combined, the kind that selects not only resisting drought saving water performance is outstanding, have simultaneously that yield potentiality is big, the characteristics of strong stress resistance, best in quality, suitable applying.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is high circulation plantation figure for material among the embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is high circulation plantation figure for material among the embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is high circulation plantation figure for material among the embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is high circulation plantation figure for material among the embodiment 4～8.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, filter out excellent complementary parent material from resisting drought saving water high yield germplasm resource material: weighing apparatus 84 sees 749 and weighing apparatus 87-4263, hybridizes;
B, directive breeding, select the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high:
B-1, generation: F early
1-4In generation, high water and fertilizer condition plantation gives full expression to each excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties, carries out the selection of emphasis proterties (yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance), keeps multiple variation type as far as possible; Wherein,
(1) F
1In generation: adopt 1 cun program request, only select fine combination, the outstanding combination of shortcoming is eliminated in not menu strain; The hybridization mode is mainly single cross and reestablishes diplomatic relations, and backcrosses individually;
(2) F
2-3In generation: adopt 3 cun program requests, determine the advantage combination, advantage combination emphasis is selected, and to select individual plant, emphasis is that yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance are selected;
(3) F
4Generation: adopt 2 cun program requests, to select individual plant, be aided with the selection elite plant strain, main select proterties be stooling medium, become that fringe is more, about plant height 70cm, plant type is compact, blade is of moderate size, 45 ° of boot leaf angles, the fringe sign indicating number is closeer, fecundity strong, full seed, thousand kernel weight are more high, anti-white powder, three rust, leaf is withered, line is withered, red disease such as mould, and the ripe phase early, quality is better;
B-2, high generation: F
5-6Generation, 2 cun program requests, individual plant and strain system are selected simultaneously; F
7And the 1 cun program request of above generation, system is chosen as the master with strain, and individual plant is chosen as auxilliary; F
5In generation,, above material was duplicate, the corresponding plantation of two kinds of conditions of high liquid manure and drought stress, emphasis is selected yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance under the high water and fertilizer condition, select the drought resisting yielding ability under the drought stress condition, the main proterties such as the high yield drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible of selecting, form is selected (plant type, fringe type) and F
4Similar; F
5Floods and droughts replaces F between the above generation in generation
5In generation,, the material selected of high water and fertilizer condition was at F
6For the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5The material of selecting for the drought stress condition is at F
6High water and fertilizer condition plantation of generation; F
6In generation,, the material selected of high water and fertilizer condition was at F
7For the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6The material of selecting for the drought stress condition is at F
7High water and fertilizer condition plantation of generation; By that analogy, the floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
10In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Referring to accompanying drawing 1, be the circulation plantation figure of height for material.
C, strain approval test: the corresponding plantation of two kinds of conditions of high liquid manure and drought stress is identified, mainly to height under the high liquid manure dense planting of the stability series condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance, the drought stress condition is selected the drought resisting yielding ability, proterties such as main select that drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible, fecundity are strong, the heavy height of grain and disease resistance are strong utilizes near-infrared analysis method and chemical analysis method to carry out attributional analysis simultaneously;
D, variety test of lines: height is further carried out drought resistance output for the material of having outstanding performance in the strain approval test identify, carry out the detection of Physiology of Drought Resistance index, disease resistance evaluation, cold resistance evaluation, Quality Detection simultaneously, wherein,
(1) drought resistance output is identified: sufficient water, restrict water supply, three kinds of conditions of drought stress are corresponding identifies naturally and arid canopy simulation drought resistance is identified and combined that 3 repetitions are established in each processing, fully understand the characteristic of each each developmental stage of strain and last output and show;
(2) the Physiology of Drought Resistance index detects: to Physiology of Drought Resistance index determinings such as root system vigor, root amount, root bar number, root length, root surface area, leaf water potential, specific leaf weight, blade rate-of-loss of coolant, canopy surface temperatures;
(3) disease resistance is identified: the field is identified with connecing the dientification of bacteria naturally and is combined, and mainly diseases such as powdery mildew, three rust (bar rust, leaf rust, stem rust), leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight and head blight is identified;
(4) cold resistance: local field is identified naturally and is identified with the strange land, Zunhua, Hebei to the north of 40 ° of the north latitude and to combine;
(5) Quality Detection: utilize near-infrared analysis method and chemical analysis method to carry out attributional analysis, mainly to detecting crude protein, wet gluten, water absorption rate, sedimentation value, formation time and stabilization time;
Above step combines yield result with Physiology of Drought Resistance performance, disease resistance, cold resistance and Quality Detection result, to drought resisting yielding ability and the multiple evaluation and screening of resistance, strengthen selection dynamics and accuracy; In conjunction with result of the test overall merit pluses and minuses, select yield potentiality height, strong stress resistance under the sufficient water condition, the high yield of economizing on water under the condition of restricting water supply, drought resisting high yield under the drought stress condition, comprehensive strong stress resistance, the excellent strain that meets breeding objective and significantly surpass contrast kind best in quality;
E, province and national region adaptability are identified, comprise preliminary experiment, regional test and production test, wherein,
Regional test: yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of main identification of species, the yield stability and the adaptability of identification of species different year under different culture techniques and ecological condition select comparison according to planting volume increase more than 3～5%, the comprehensive good kind of proterties;
Production test: under the situation of producing,, carry out experiment in cultivation, water saving production demonstration, adaptability evaluation simultaneously in yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of planted in different ecological areas identification of species near the land for growing field crops;
(1) experiment in cultivation: according to breediness, a series of different dates of seeding, the amount of broadcasting are set, the cultivation managements such as (0 water, 1 water, 2 water, 3 water, 4 water, 45 sides/waterside) that applies fertilizer and water handles, and determines the best cultivation mode of kind;
(2) demonstration is produced in water saving: produce in the demonstration in large tracts of land, sufficient water (spring is watered 2-3 water) is set, restricts water supply (spring is watered 1 water) and the corresponding demonstration of three kinds of conditions of drought stress (not watering) the resisting drought saving water yielding ability of identification of species establishing in large scale;
(3) adaptability is identified: in planted in different ecological areas sufficient water (spring is watered 2-3 water) is set, restricts water supply (spring is watered 1 water) and the corresponding plantation of three kinds of condition large tracts of land of drought stress (not watering) resisting drought saving water yielding ability and adaptation zone under the identification of species different ecological condition;
F, variety certification;
G, kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration: mainly be that characteristics and working condition at kind carries out the research of culture technique, carry out integrated to kind and culture technique, under the situation of producing,, provide scientific basis for applying in yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of planted in different ecological areas identification of species near the land for growing field crops;
H, apply.
The breeding method of present embodiment has been compared following advantage with traditional winter wheat breeding technique:
1, generation: F early
1-4In generation, high fertilizer, sufficient water condition give full expression to each good variation proterties, carry out the selection of emphasis proterties, keep multiple variation type as far as possible, help selecting of proterties such as yielding ability, disease resistance, lodging resistance; And traditional drought resisting breeding is planted under the single condition of restricting water supply, because the restriction of environmental condition, many genotype can not give full expression to, and lose the beneficial gene proterties easily;
2, high generation: F
5Replace corresponding selection for floods and droughts between above different generations, under sufficient water condition, mainly stooling, mature spike number, plant height, plant type, blade size, boot leaf angle, spike density, fecundity, grain plumpness, thousand kernel weight and ripe phase etc. are selected, resistance to lodging resistance, cold resistance, white powder, three rust, leaf is withered, line is withered, red disease such as mould is selected; The condition of restricting water supply mainly heavily waits drought resisting water saving ability, hot-dry wind tolerance, quality, mature spike number, fringe grain and selects; Existing identical generation floods and droughts corresponding selection contrast has again to be connected up and down between the generation and selects relatively, and the resisting drought saving water high yield is degeneration-resistant to be taken into account simultaneously, the reinforcement selection pressure; And traditional single system of selection resisting drought saving water and high yield contact defective tightness often disconnects, and the high yielding variety of selecting usually shows not drought resisting, and drought-resistant variety often the stalk height, anti-ly fall, not high yield, non-stable yields.
3, the multiple transverse test of excellent strain carries out simultaneously, and comprehensive observing relatively strengthens the selection dynamics, selects in excellent excellent:
(1) high liquid manure, restrict water supply, drought stress is identified naturally identifies and combine with arid rain-proof shelter simulation drought resistance, adaptability: under the excellent strain dense planting condition that program request is selected to offspring's thin planting, high liquid manure, restrict water supply, the corresponding plantation of three kinds of conditions of drought stress nature identifies.High water and fertilizer condition emphasis is identified yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance and is selected; The condition of restricting water supply is selected water saving yielding ability and resistance; Drought stress condition field identifies naturally, selects the drought resisting yielding ability, proterties such as select mainly that drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible, fecundity are strong, the heavy height of grain and disease resistance are strong.Arid rain-proof shelter simulation drought resistance is identified, establishes and does not water, waters 1 water (limitting 1 water), waters 2 water, waters 3 water, measures the output under the different disposal, identifies the drought resistance of strain with this drought resistance coefficient method of innovating.
(2) the Physiology of Drought Resistance index detects: Physiology of Drought Resistance indexs such as root activity, root amount, root bar number, root length, root surface area, leaf water potential, specific leaf weight, blade rate-of-loss of coolant are measured.
(3) index of quality is measured: near infrared spectrometer and chemical method attributional analysis combine, mainly to detecting crude protein, wet gluten, water absorption rate, sedimentation value, formation time and stabilization time.
Embodiment 2
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Ji 5418 and weighing apparatus 5041;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
5In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: weighing apparatus 94-4277 and weighing apparatus 4041;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
6In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 4
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 5
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Ji 5418 and weighing apparatus 5041;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 6
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Puyang 3665 and western Arnold;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 7
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: No. 1, weighing apparatus 4119 and Shijiazhuang;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 8
A kind of winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: wheat 21//Handan, Ji wheat 36/ Shandong 5316, adopt the hybridization mode of reestablishing diplomatic relations, and promptly 1 year Ji wheat 36 and Lu Mai 21 hybridization obtain F
1For seed, hybridized with Handan 5316 again in 1 year;
Among the step D-2, high for material floods and droughts alternate cycles to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Mill trial results shows that it is strong that the winter wheat variety that utilizes the above embodiment of the present invention to select all shows resisting drought saving water, and high yield is degeneration-resistant and wide suitable.
Wherein the wheat breed that selects of embodiment 1 has typical representativeness, not only output height, drought resistance are strong for they, and show adaptability widely, authorize (authorize number be " state examines wheat 2006010 ") by Hebei province authorization (authorization number be " wheat 2004003 is examined in the Ji ") and country; This kind has of short stemly anti-to fall, big panicle many grains per panicle, resisting drought saving water, stable high yield high-quality, adaptability are strong, applied range, characteristics such as yield potential is big, it is a special drought resisting high yielding variety type, broken through for a long time " drought resisting, water saving kind; tiller many, tassel is little, pole is high, blade is long narrow, the leaf look shallow, ear node is long, yields poorly, not drought resisting of big fringe kind of short stem " convention; Production test shows that it has following outstanding advantage:
1, water saving high yield, yield stability is good, has realized cost-saving synergistic
(1) output height, resisting drought saving water are strong
6 years the Yellow River and Huai He River north of 2002-2007 sheet, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet, 90 points of Tianjin district examination He Da district's production test. inferior, 79 volume increase, volume increase point rate is 87.8%, in 177 tested varieties, all occupy the forefront, per mu yield 498-682kg, average yield per mu 502.6kg, comparison is according to average volume increase 19.6%, the highest per mu yield 682kg.In examination of country district and wide field trial, gather output and all occupy the 1st;
The production demonstration and the popularization (area of respectively demonstrating provides) of 2005-2008 various places, the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wheat district's spring 1 water (45-50m
3/ mu) 450kg-500kg about spring 2 water 550k, is up to 651kg, and sheet does not water or the general per mu yield 550-600kg of spring 1 water in the Yellow River and Huai He River south, produces about the new wheat 18 volume increase 100kg of commercial seed the highest per mu yield 725kg (Xuchang, Zhumadian, Nanyang) than the locality.Under do not water situation in the area, Xiangfan, Hubei of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, general per mu yield 525kg, the highest per mu yield 710kg.On the basis of water saving, realized high yield;
(2) yield stability is good
2004, many variety yields of Hebei province in 2006 and national region test multiple spot stability analysis, the new varieties coefficient of stability, kind fitness that present embodiment is cultivated all are better than check variety, show that this kind is on the basis of high yield, have tangible high yield, stability and adaptability under zones of different, different condition, thereby realized the target of transregional large scale application;
2, resistance, adaptability are strong
Country specifies unit specialty resistance and adaptability to identify, the new varieties that present embodiment is cultivated are except that the performance resisting drought saving water, and it is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, anti-to fall, hot-dry wind tolerance, anti growing out ability all show very outstanding;
(1) anti-multiple diseases
Specialty is identified: national disease-resistant evaluation in 2006 specifies unit-the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection to connect the dientification of bacteria, to the stem rust immunity, slow leaf rust, in anti-banded sclerotial blight, in anti-white powder, bar rust and head blight;
Identify naturally in the field: 6 years the Yellow River and Huai He River north of 2002-2007 sheet, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet, the examination of Tianjin district and 90 points of wide field trial, and it is paramount anti-that yellow rust is all shown as immunity; Leaf rust, line are withered, anti-paramount anti-in the powdery mildew; Head blight is anti-in being;
(2) high resistant to lodging
Identify naturally in the field: 6 years 90 points. during the demonstration of inferior regional test and 3 years was promoted, because this kind stalk short (68-75cm), the stem stalk was sturdy tough and tensile, lodging all do not occur, has showed high ability resistant to lodging;
(3) the anti-winter freezes and anti-spring coolness
Specialty is identified: country and Hebei province's cold resistance are identified unit-Zunhua national region experiment station qualification result: wintering rate 100%, and conclusion is: can be at the northern territory popularizing planting;
Identify naturally in the field: in the regional test in 6 years, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet wintering rate is 97%; The Central-South Mai Qu in Ji and the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wintering rate 98%, northern (Tianjin) wintering rate 95%; The demonstration in 4 years of 2005-2008, popularization reach Xiangfan, Hubei in the south, and north is to Beijing, and the anti-winter freezes, spring frost is all done well, all can safe overwintering;
(4) anti-later stage high temperature, it is yellow good to fall, early maturity without senescence
Identify naturally in the field: in multiple years test, demonstration and the popularization process, the anti-later stage high temperature of the new varieties outstanding behaviours that present embodiment is cultivated, hot-dry wind tolerance ability are strong, and it is yellow good to fall, full seed, early maturity without senescence, especially more obvious at the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet and area, Xiangfan, Hubei high-temperature resistance;
(5) anti growing out
Identify naturally in the field: no matter this kind in the south in the many Anhui of wheat aging time rainfall, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, still in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the Shaanxi of arid, is tested for many years, demonstrates, promoted and fringe all do not occur and germinate; Cloudy weather for several days running weather appears during Handan in Hebei in 2008, Shijiazhuang, Baoding harvesting wheat, serious fringe germination has appearred in some bigger kinds of popularizing area on producing, caused very big loss for peasant, seed distributors, and therefore the new varieties that present embodiment is cultivated are not affected;
(6) drought resisting index height, drought resistance is strong
The efficiency of water application height, the dehydration of the condition of restricting water supply lower blade is slow, the photosynthetic rate height, root system is energetic, and the comparison of efficiency of water application 0,1,2 water is according to stone 4185 high 40.8%-13.1%; At the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wheat district's spring 1 water 450-500kg, spring 2 water 550-600kg;
2004, Hebei province's drought resisting is identified and is specified unit---academy of agricultural sciences, Hebei province dry farming institute, the new varieties of under field nature and two kinds of environmental conditions of simulating drought present embodiment being cultivated are identified, drought is handled: per mu yield 308kg is identified in the field naturally, comparison is according to stone 4185 volume increase 9.7%, the arid canopy is identified per mu yield 211.6kg, comparison is according to stone 4185 volume increase 9.6% and 11.45%, water treatment: per mu yield is respectively 507.14kg, 461.62kg, the drought resisting index is respectively 1.155 and 1.152, be the one-level drought-resistant variety, drought resistance is strong, increase yield significantly;
3, best in quality
The new varieties that present embodiment is cultivated not only have the outstanding feature of water saving, high yield, stable yields, and best in quality; Detect through Hebei province and national Quality Detection mechanism, protein 15.18%, wet gluten 30.2%, sedimentation value 32.2ml, water absorption rate 61.6%, formation time 4.0min, stabilization time 4.4min, extension area 58cm2, the maximum anti-resistance 240E.U that prolongs.Its index of quality meets muscle wheat standard in the country, and dumpling, noodles special use suit to do.
4, adaptability is strong
(1) strong to water and fertilizer condition adaptability
Different cultivars liquid manure response characteristic difference is apparent in view, and the kind that has is responsive to the liquid manure reaction, and what have is slow in reacting; It is better that general unresponsive kind resisting drought saving water is economized fertilizer; The new varieties that present embodiment is cultivated are by under high fertilizer and medium fertility condition, 0,1,2,3 water Different irrigation Processing Test, no significant difference between fertile processing, the water treatment per mu yield is 357.2-464.4kg, moisture difference from more to less is less, belongs to liquid manure type slow in reacting;
(2) strong to different weathers and working condition adaptability
The test of this kind 6 years 9 in the Yellow River and Huai He River winter wheat district province (city) and demonstration are widely promoted, and under different weather model years, the different working conditions, all can reach higher yield level;
(3) promoted extension is wide, and regional adaptability is strong, span is big
Wheat is regional very strong crop, the kind that the Yellow River and Huai He River the north is bred northern sheet (be that the Ji is Central-South, northwest in Shandong Province, the plantation of south, Jinzhong City be ripe later and not freeze proof; The Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet kind southern sheet plantation multilist show various diseases seriously, not resistant to lodging and high temperature, it is lower to be subjected to it to influence output, the kind of the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet is how not cold-resistant at northern sheet or northern plantation, the new varieties that present embodiment is cultivated have possessed comprehensive resistance and eurytopicity, the Ji of not only suitable the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet is Central-South, northwest in Shandong Province, south, Jinzhong City, all have outstanding high yield advantage under Xiangfan, Hubei of Henan, Wan Bei, northern Suzhou, Guanzhong and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River of the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet and the middle and high water and fertilizer condition in ground such as Tianjin of northern Mai Qu, realized transregional application.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (9)
1. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method mainly may further comprise the steps: the apolegamy of A, excellent complementary parent material and hybridization: filter out excellent complementary parent material and hybridize from resisting drought saving water high yield germplasm resource material; The new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high is selected in B, directive breeding; It is characterized in that: described step B carries out according to following operation:
B-1, morning are for F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, select yielding ability;
B-2, F
5In generation,, above height was got in duplicate for material, planted under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress respectively; F
5The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
6In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
6In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; F
6The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
7In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
7In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; Carry out alternately plantation of floods and droughts between the generation by that analogy, select the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high.
2. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step B-1, and F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, its various excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties are given full expression to, emphasis is selected yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance, keeps multiple variation type as far as possible.
3. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: among the step B-2, emphasis was selected morphological feature, resistance and the yield potentiality of material when high water and fertilizer condition was planted; Emphasis is selected the drought resisting yielding ability of material during the plantation of drought stress condition.
4. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described morphological feature mainly comprises the plant type and the fringe type of material, and described resistance mainly comprises the disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material.
5. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after step B selects the new lines that drought resistance is strong, output is high, successively it is carried out following evaluation and cultivates operation: C, strain approval test; D, variety test of lines; E, province and national region adaptability are identified; F, variety certification; G, kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration; H, apply.
6. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: among the step C, described strain approval test is to carry out the correspondence plantation to identify under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress, under high liquid manure dense planting condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material, under the drought stress condition, emphasis is heavy, disease-resistant to the drought resisting of material, heat-resisting, yielding ability, fecundity, grain, hot-dry wind tolerance is selected, and quality material is carried out attributional analysis.
7. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: among the step D, described variety test of lines is strain evaluation among the step C to be showed excellent material further carry out the evaluation of drought resistance and output, carries out the detection of Physiology of Drought Resistance index, disease resistance evaluation, cold resistance evaluation and Quality Detection simultaneously.
8. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the step e, described province and national region adaptability are identified and are comprised preliminary experiment, regional test and production test, yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of the main identification of species of described regional test, and yield stability and the adaptability of kind under different culture techniques and ecological condition under the evaluation different year, select comparison according to kind of volume increase 3～5% or more, the comprehensive good kind of proterties.
9. winter wheat resisting drought saving water kind directive breeding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: among the step G, described kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration mainly is that characteristics and the working condition at kind carries out the research of culture technique, carry out integrated to kind and culture technique, under the situation of producing,, provide scientific basis for applying in yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of planted in different ecological areas identification of species near the land for growing field crops.
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