CN111436368A - Drought-resistant wheat breeding method - Google Patents
Drought-resistant wheat breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436368A CN111436368A CN202010253114.2A CN202010253114A CN111436368A CN 111436368 A CN111436368 A CN 111436368A CN 202010253114 A CN202010253114 A CN 202010253114A CN 111436368 A CN111436368 A CN 111436368A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, and discloses a drought-resistant wheat breeding method, wherein drought-resistant wheat parent materials are selected for hybridization to obtain F0-generation wheat, the F0-generation wheat is subjected to continuous three-generation selfing and excellent single plant selection to obtain an F3-generation excellent single plant, the F3-generation excellent single plant is subjected to threshing to obtain F4-generation wheat seeds, and the F4-generation wheat seeds are utilized for breeding. The invention provides the concept of grain weight drought resistance index from the perspective of grain weight comprehensive screening and judging under two treatment environments, and can be directly applied to the breeding of wheat varieties; the screening indexes of the method are concise and clear, the single key factor is grasped to assist in breeding the drought-resistant wheat variety, the usable single-factor index is provided for analyzing the stability of the wheat variety adapting to the drought environment, the reference index is provided for correctly evaluating the drought-resistant characteristic and the drought-resistant category of the wheat variety, and the screened wheat variety material has good grain weight stability and super-contrast characteristic in two processing environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a drought-resistant wheat breeding method.
Background
Chinese wheat planting is developing towards scale, but at present, high cost and low benefit become the most prominent obstacle problem for the sustainable development of wheat production in China. China is a water-deficient country, along with the increasing population, economic development and global climate change, drought and water shortage become more and more serious, water resources are precious, and a groundwater funnel formed by groundwater overstrain seriously threatens the living environment, so that water conservation is urgent. In various water resource utilization ways, agricultural irrigation accounts for about 62% of the total amount, and northern wheat irrigation accounts for about 50% of agricultural water, so that the wheat water conservation is particularly key.
The wheat variety with good drought resistance and water conservation can reduce the large-scale planting cost in the aspects of water, fertilizer, land, industry and the like, and the wheat water conservation not only reduces the cost and improves the benefit, but also can improve the quality of the wheat variety. At present, multiple studies show that grain reselection has the characteristic of high efficiency in the next generation selection, and the inventor develops a drought-resistant wheat breeding method by utilizing the advantage of grain reselection.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a drought-resistant wheat breeding method, provides a concept of grain weight drought-resistant index from the perspective of comprehensive screening and judgment of grain weight under two environments of a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, can be directly applied to breeding of drought-resistant wheat varieties, has concise and clear indexes, grasps a single key factor to assist in breeding of wheat drought-resistant varieties, and provides reference indexes for correctly evaluating the drought-resistant characteristics and the drought-resistant categories of the varieties.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a drought-resistant wheat breeding method, drought-resistant wheat parent materials are selected for hybridization to obtain F0-generation wheat, F0-generation wheat is subjected to continuous three-generation selfing and excellent single plant selection to obtain F3-generation wheat excellent single plants, F3-generation wheat excellent single plants are threshed to obtain F4-generation wheat seeds, and the F4-generation wheat seeds are utilized for the following breeding stages:
S1: planting
Sowing F4 generation wheat seeds in a dibbling mode, wherein the dibbling plant spacing is 3.3cm, the row spacing is 25cm, a control material serving as a selection reference is planted at every 5-10 planting points at intervals, and the control material is a drought-resistant wheat variety material; under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of wheat materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the water filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S2: performing stability and consistency screening on F4 generation wheat strain materials with stable field performance in a grouting period, selecting the strain materials with obvious characteristic difference among the single plants and with the single plant proportion less than 3% as harvest strains, and simultaneously selecting 5-10 single plants as reserved single plants;
S3: when harvesting, harvesting the reserved individuals in the step S2 and numbering the reserved individuals, then removing the individuals with obvious character difference from the harvested strains in the step S2, performing mixed harvesting, and harvesting a control material;
S4: threshing the strains harvested in the step S3, testing grain weight drought resistance indexes of the seeds after threshing, selecting wheat seeds with the grain weight drought resistance indexes reaching the standard, testing yield, and continuously repeating the steps S1-S4 for the dominant progeny breeding process of the single wheat plants with the grain weight drought resistance indexes reaching the standard;
S5: determination of the yield
S5.1: planting the wheat seed materials with the grain weight and the drought resistance index reaching the standard in the step S4, planting a contrast material as a selection reference substance at every 5-10 planting points, wherein the contrast material is a drought-resistant wheat variety material, the planting standard is 25 ten thousand plants/mu, and the planting area of each batch of materials is 10m 2Under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of yield measuring materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S5.2: and comprehensively evaluating the agronomic performance, disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant material in the step S5.1 in the field, simultaneously carrying out harvest yield measurement and grain weight drought resistance index measurement, screening out gardens of the wheat materials with the yield exceeding that of the reference material group and the grain weight drought resistance index reaching the standard, and naming the gardens to participate in all levels of yield tests or area tests to obtain the wheat material.
Further, the grain weight drought resistance index determination formula in step S4 and step S5.2 is as follows:
DIK＝Ka 2·Km -1·KM·(KA 2)-1
Wherein DI KThe index of grain weight drought resistance, DI is the index of drought resistance, K aTreating thousand kernel weight/g, K of grains for the material to be tested mComparing the grain weight/g, K of the processed grain with the material to be detected MGrain thousand kernel weight/g, K for contrast variety treatment AThousand kernel weight/g of grains treated for stress of the control variety.
Further, the standard of grain weight drought resistance index in step S4 and step S5.2 is as follows: the grain weight drought resistance index is more than or equal to 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the water treatment group and the drought-resistant treatment group are respectively arranged in the breeding of advanced wheat, the two treatment modes are adopted for comparative planting and screening, the concept of grain weight drought-resistant index is provided from the perspective of grain weight comprehensive screening and judgment under the two treatment environments, and the method can be directly applied to the breeding of wheat varieties; the screening indexes of the method are concise and clear, the single key factor is grasped to assist in breeding the drought-resistant wheat variety, the usable single-factor index is provided for analyzing the stability of the wheat variety adapting to the drought environment, the reference index is provided for correctly evaluating the drought-resistant characteristic and the drought-resistant category of the wheat variety, and the screened wheat variety material has good grain weight stability and super-contrast characteristic in two processing environments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b):
A drought-resistant wheat breeding method comprises the steps of selecting drought-resistant wheat parent materials for hybridization to obtain F0-generation wheat, carrying out continuous three-generation selfing on F0-generation wheat, carrying out excellent single plant selection to obtain F3-generation wheat excellent single plants, threshing the F3-generation wheat excellent single plants to obtain F4-generation wheat seeds, and carrying out the following breeding stages by utilizing the F4-generation wheat seeds:
S1: planting
Sowing F4 generation wheat seeds in a dibbling mode, wherein the dibbling plant spacing is 3.3cm, the row spacing is 25cm, a control material serving as a selection reference is planted at every 5-10 planting points at intervals, and the control material is a drought-resistant wheat variety material; under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of wheat materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the water filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S2: performing stability and consistency screening on F4 generation wheat strain materials with stable field performance in a grouting period, selecting the strain materials with obvious characteristic difference among the single plants and with the single plant proportion less than 3% as harvest strains, and simultaneously selecting 5-10 single plants as reserved single plants;
S3: when harvesting, harvesting the reserved individuals in the step S2 and numbering the reserved individuals, then removing the individuals with obvious character difference from the harvested strains in the step S2, performing mixed harvesting, and harvesting a control material;
S4: and (4) threshing the strains harvested in the step (S3) to test seeds, and after threshing, measuring grain weight drought resistance indexes of the seeds, wherein the grain weight drought resistance index measurement formula is as follows:
DIK＝Ka 2·Km -1·KM·(KA 2)-1
Wherein DI KThe index of grain weight drought resistance, DI is the index of drought resistance, K aTreating thousand grain weight/g, K of grains for stress drought-resistant treatment group of material to be detected mFor the material to be detected, the thousand kernel weight/g and K of grains are processed by contrasting with the water treatment group MThe grain weight per gram (K) of grains is compared with the weight of grains treated by a water treatment group for comparison varieties ATreating thousand kernel weight/g of grains for the stress drought-resistant treatment group of the control variety;
Selecting wheat seeds with the grain weight drought resistance index reaching the standard for measuring the yield, and continuously repeating the dominant progeny breeding process from the step S1 to the step S4 on the single wheat plants with the grain weight drought resistance index reaching the standard, wherein the grain weight drought resistance index reaching the standard is as follows: the grain weight drought resistance index is more than or equal to 1;
S5: determination of the yield
S5.1: planting the wheat seed materials with the grain weight and the drought resistance index reaching the standard in the step S4, planting a contrast material as a selection reference substance at every 5-10 planting points, wherein the contrast material is a drought-resistant wheat variety material, the planting standard is 25 ten thousand plants/mu, and the planting area of each batch of materials is 10m 2Under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of yield measuring materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S5.2: and comprehensively evaluating the agronomic performance, disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant material in the step S5.1 in the field, simultaneously carrying out harvest yield measurement and grain weight drought resistance index measurement, screening out gardens of the wheat material with the yield exceeding that of the reference material group and the grain weight drought resistance index being more than or equal to 1, and naming the wheat material to participate in all levels of yield tests or regional tests to obtain the wheat drought resistance-related fertilizer.
Other management modes of the wheat field in the drought-resistant wheat breeding process are the same as the conventional field management mode of the wheat.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A drought-resistant wheat breeding method is characterized in that drought-resistant wheat parent materials are selected for hybridization to obtain F0-generation wheat, F0-generation wheat is subjected to continuous three-generation selfing and excellent single plant selection to obtain F3-generation wheat excellent single plants, F3-generation wheat excellent single plants are threshed to obtain F4-generation wheat seeds, and the F4-generation wheat seeds are utilized for the following breeding stages:
S1: planting
Sowing F4 generation wheat seeds in a dibbling mode, wherein the dibbling plant spacing is 3.3cm, the row spacing is 25cm, a control material serving as a selection reference is planted at every 5-10 planting points at intervals, and the control material is a drought-resistant wheat variety material; under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of wheat materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the water filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S2: performing stability and consistency screening on F4 generation wheat strain materials with stable field performance in a grouting period, selecting the strain materials with obvious characteristic difference among the single plants and with the single plant proportion less than 3% as harvest strains, and simultaneously selecting 5-10 single plants as reserved single plants;
S3: when harvesting, harvesting the reserved individuals in the step S2 and numbering the reserved individuals, then removing the individuals with obvious character difference from the harvested strains in the step S2, performing mixed harvesting, and harvesting a control material;
S4: threshing the strains harvested in the step S3, testing grain weight drought resistance indexes of the seeds after threshing, selecting wheat seeds with the grain weight drought resistance indexes reaching the standard, testing yield, and continuously repeating the steps S1-S4 for the dominant progeny breeding process of the single wheat plants with the grain weight drought resistance indexes reaching the standard;
S5: determination of the yield
S5.1: planting the wheat seed materials with the grain weight and the drought resistance index reaching the standard in the step S4, planting a contrast material as a selection reference substance at every 5-10 planting points, wherein the contrast material is a drought resistance wheat variety material, and the planting standard is 25 ten thousand plants Per mu, the planting area of each batch of materials is 10m 2Under the natural drought environment of the field, the same batch of yield measuring materials are divided into a water treatment group and a drought-resistant treatment group, the water treatment group is filled with 2 water in the whole growth period on the basis of the emergence of seedlings in soil moisture, and the filling amount is 100-120m 3Per mu, the drought-resistant treatment group does not irrigate water in the whole growth period on the basis of sufficient soil moisture emergence;
S5.2: and comprehensively evaluating the agronomic performance, disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant material in the step S5.1 in the field, simultaneously carrying out harvest yield measurement and grain weight drought resistance index measurement, screening out gardens of the wheat materials with the yield exceeding that of the reference material group and the grain weight drought resistance index reaching the standard, and naming the gardens to participate in all levels of yield tests or area tests to obtain the wheat material.
2. The method for breeding drought-resistant wheat according to claim 1, wherein the grain weight drought-resistant index determination formula in step S4 and step S5.2 is as follows:
DIK＝Ka 2·Km -1·KM·(KA 2)-1
Wherein DI KThe index of grain weight drought resistance, DI is the index of drought resistance, K aTreating thousand kernel weight/g, K of grains for the material to be tested mComparing the grain weight/g, K of the processed grain with the material to be detected MGrain thousand kernel weight/g, K for contrast variety treatment AThousand kernel weight/g of grains treated for stress of the control variety.
3. The method for breeding drought-resistant wheat of claim 1, wherein the grain weight drought-resistant index standard of step S4 and step S5.2 is as follows: the grain weight drought resistance index is more than or equal to 1.
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| CN113740329A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Winter wheat water conservation identification method |
| CN115152624A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Rapid breeding method for new stress-resistant high-yield winter wheat variety |
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| CN112616587A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for selecting heat-resistant wheat variety by using grain weight heat-resistant index |
| CN113740329A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Winter wheat water conservation identification method |
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| CN115152624A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Rapid breeding method for new stress-resistant high-yield winter wheat variety |
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