CN113740329B - Winter wheat water-saving property identification method - Google Patents
Winter wheat water-saving property identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying water conservation performance of winter wheat, which is used for identifying the water conservation performance of winter wheat based on a water conservation index of unit area root system activity; the energy and water saving index of the root system in unit area is calculated by the following formula: rawsi=ras.t 2 ·RAS.W ‑1 ·RACK.W·(RACK.T 2 ) ‑1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein RAWSI is root activity water-saving index of unit area, RAS.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the material to be detected, RAS.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the material to be detected, RACK.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the control variety, and RACK.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the control variety. The invention utilizes the root activity water-saving index of unit area to screen, not only can ensure the screening accuracy, but also can reduce the screening time, and provides a new method for identifying the water-saving property of winter wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-saving property identification of wheat, in particular to a method for identifying water-saving property of winter wheat.
Background
Drought and little rain are natural characteristics of Huang-Huai (North) wheat regions, and weather drought and water resource shortage become main factors for limiting wheat production, and the following solving approaches are available for solving the drought problem: (1) popularizing a water-saving variety; (2) applying a water saving technique; (3) Water regulation engineering, sewage recycling and the like, wherein the popularization of the water-saving wheat variety is the most economical and effective method. The wheat variety with high water utilization efficiency is used as a guide, and the water saving cultivation technology is combined with the matched water saving cultivation technology, so that the water saving of wheat production is realized, and the method has important significance for relieving the current situation of water resource shortage in the north. Thus, the water conservation research of wheat has become a hot spot of the current research.
The root system is an important organ of vital activity of the wheat, mainly plays a role in absorbing nutrient and moisture, participating in synthesis and conversion of substances in the body and the like, has close relationship with water conservation and growth of plants and formation of yield, and plays an important role in the growth and development, physiological functions and substance metabolism of the wheat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying the water conservation performance of winter wheat, which realizes the rapid and accurate identification of the water conservation performance of winter wheat based on the water conservation index of unit area root system activity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for identifying water conservation performance of winter wheat realizes the identification of water conservation performance of winter wheat based on a water conservation index of root activity per unit area.
Further, the water saving index of the root activity of the unit area is calculated by the following formula:
RAWSI=RAS.T 2 ·RAS.W -1 ·RACK.W·(RACK.T 2 ) -1 wherein RAWSI is root activity water-saving index of unit area, RAS.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the material to be detected, RAS.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the material to be detected, RACK.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the control variety, and RACK.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the control variety.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, under the condition that a root system observation room simulates a field environment, a water treatment group and a water saving treatment group are respectively arranged, wherein the water treatment group is used for carrying out spring irrigation 2 water, and the water is respectively used for carrying out jointing, heading, flower lifting and irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is 60 percent 3 Per mu; the water-saving treatment group is used for filling 1 water in spring in the jointing period, and the water filling quantity is 60 3 Per mu;
s2, measuring the average surface area and the average root activity of 0-120cm of the water treatment group and the water-saving treatment group respectively in the heading and flowering period, calculating the root activity per unit area, and calculating the water-saving index RAWSI of the root activity per unit area according to the following formula: rawsi=ras.t 2 ·RAS.W -1 ·RACK.W·(RACK.T 2 ) -1 Wherein RAWSI is root activity water saving index of unit area, RAS.T is material section to be measuredThe root system activity of the water treatment unit area, RAS.W is the root system activity of the water treatment unit area of the material to be detected, RACK.W is the root system activity of the water treatment unit area of the control variety, and RACK.T is the root system activity of the water-saving treatment unit area of the control variety.
S3, screening of water-saving varieties is achieved based on a water-saving index RAWSI of unit area root system activity and the following standards: the plant line with the root activity water-saving index of more than or equal to 1.300 in unit area is a new variety with extremely strong water-saving property (HR); the plant line with the root activity water saving index of 1.100-1.299 in unit area is a new variety with strong water saving property (R); the plant line with the root activity water saving index of 0.9-1.099 in unit area is a new variety with medium water saving property (MR); the plant line with the root activity water saving index of 0.700-0.899 in unit area is a new variety with weak water saving property (S); the plant line with the root activity water saving index of less than or equal to 0.699 in unit area is a new variety with extremely weak water saving (HS).
In the scheme, the screening is performed by using the root activity water-saving index in unit area, so that the screening accuracy can be ensured, the screening time can be reduced, and a novel method is provided for identifying the water conservation property of winter wheat.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Experimental materials:
scale 9966, scale 11-6021, scale S29, scale 4399, jimai 22 (CK).
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
the experiment adopts T 2 scan (Delta UK) 2 A graphic analysis software of the T Devices Ltd) to study root systems, and can rapidly and accurately obtain surface area parameters of root systems to be detected; the root activity is measured by a method for measuring the concentration change of the a-naphthylamine.
(1) Preparing a root system observation room for planting wheat; 60 PVC pipes 2.4m long and 0.11m in diameter; a pool for flushing the root system of the wheat and farmland plowing soil for sieving and removing grass roots and impurities;
(2) The soil weight in the pipe is calculated according to the soil volume weight, the length of the water injection pipe is calculated to be 2.4m according to the field water holding capacity and the soil water content, and the water injection pipe is calculated to be 2.3 g/cm according to the soil volume weight (1.3 g/cm 3 ) Calculating the weight of soil in the pipe: 3.14X 5.252X 2.36X 1.3=26.6 kg the amount of water to be filled is calculated from the field water holding capacity (28%) and the water content of the soil at that time: 26.6× (28% -20.8%) = 1.9152 kg
And (3) filling the farmland plowing soil which is screened to remove grass roots and impurities into the PVC pipe based on the calculation result, and filling water in a small amount for many times while filling the soil so as to facilitate water penetration, wherein the bottom of the pipe is borne by a flowerpot so as to prevent soil from flowing away.
(3) The test adopts sequential arrangement, 3 plants are planted in each pipe, the soil weight in the pipe is calculated according to the soil volume weight, the water injection amount is calculated according to the field water holding amount and the soil water content, compaction sowing is carried out, the wheat variety Jimai 22 is used as a comparison variety, and under the condition that the root system observation room simulates the field environment, the comparison treatment, namely two water treatments (spring irrigation 2 water, irrigation in the jointing period and the heading period respectively, and the irrigation amount is 60 are respectively carried out) 3 Per mu) and stress treatment, namely water-saving treatment (spring irrigation of 1 water on the basis of full seedling emergence, namely water irrigation in the jointing period, the irrigation quantity is 60 percent 3 Per mu) of two water treatments.
(4) The root surface area and the root activity (40 cm in each section) of 0-120cm are measured in three sections in the heading and flowering period, the average root surface area and the average root activity are calculated, the root activity under unit area is calculated, and the water-saving index RAWSI of the root activity under unit area is calculated through a formula (1):
RAWSI=RAS.T 2 ·RAS.W -1 ·RACK.W·(RACK.T 2 ) -1
wherein RAWSI is root activity water-saving index of unit area, RAS.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the material to be detected, RAS.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the material to be detected, RACK.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the control variety, and RACK.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the control variety.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. cutting off overground parts of a PVC pipe to be tested, taking 0-120cm PVC pipe to be written with cards in three sections (40 cm each section), respectively filling the PVC pipe into yarn bags, and soaking the PVC pipe in water for 2 hours to enable soil to be soft and convenient to clean.
2. Excess soil is washed by a water pipe, the wheat root system is picked up by forceps, and the wheat root system is dyed by methyl blue for standby.
3. Placing the dyed root system on a transparent glass plate, scanning the root system into a Tif format picture by a scanner, and using T in the United kingdom 2 The pictures are analyzed by scan to obtain the surface area data of the root system of the wheat, and the average surface area of the soil layer of 0cm to 120cm of the wheat is calculated.
4. Taking a sample of the root system to be measured of a soil layer with the thickness of 0-120cm by using the same method, and measuring the activity of the root system by using a method for measuring the concentration change of the alpha-naphthylamine. The measurement steps are as follows:
4.1 principle: by utilizing the principle that a-naphthylamine is easy to oxidize, a root system is soaked in a-naphthylamine solution for a certain time, and the activity of the root system is measured by measuring the concentration change of the a-naphthylamine before and after oxidization.
4.2, extracting: the roots which had been dried by blotting with blotting paper were mixed uniformly, 1g was weighed (or 1g of the mixed sample was cut out along the root base) and placed in a 50ml plastic bottle, and 40ml of an equivalent mixture of 0.05g/L a-naphthylamine solution and pH 7.0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer was added. Gently shake and rest for 10 minutes, at which time root adsorption is completed. The oxidation amount of a-naphthylamine increases rapidly and is regarded as zero at this time. To determine the concentration value at this time, 1ml of the solution was accurately sucked from this equilibrium solution immediately after immersing the root system in a-naphthylamine for 10 minutes, and placed in a 25mL volumetric flask, i.e., the first sampling. Immediately after the stopper is plugged, the mixture is placed on an oscillator and oscillated at 25 ℃ for 2 hours, 1ml of the mixture is accurately sucked from the balance solution again, and the mixture is placed into another 25ml volumetric flask to obtain a second sampling, and the second sampling is filtered if turbidity of the solution is found. Since a-naphthylamine is automatically oxidized when it oscillates in air, a blank test is required.
4.3 measurement: the two samples are placed into a 100ml triangular flask, each reagent is added according to the following table, the mixture is fully sown for 5 minutes to make the mixture develop, and then swallow distilled water is added and shaken uniformly. Colorimetric with a 1cm cuvette at 510 nm wavelength over 10-40 minutes. The extinction value for 2 hours should not be lower than half the extinction value for 10 minutes, otherwise the volume of the a-naphthylamine should be increased or the sample amount should be reduced; conversely, if the two are in close proximity, the a-naphthylamine volume should be reduced, otherwise the assay is inaccurate. In one measurement, the solution used is preferably not changed and is ready for use. It is recommended that the standard solution should be added for each oscillation, at least the minimum and maximum standard should be added, since a-naphthylamine will have a concentration change upon prolonged storage.
4.4 drawing of a Standard Curve
4.5 calculation: root vigor uga-naphthylamine/g/hr=concentration difference (X 0 -X 2 -ck 0 +ck 2 ，ug/ml)*(40-1)ml/1ml/2hr/g
4.6 preparation of reagents
4.6.1 1000ppm a-naphthylamine stock solution: accurately weighing 1g of analytically pure a-naphthylamine (a-naphthylamine), dissolving with a small amount of alcohol, adding water, if turbidity appears, adding a small amount of alcohol until the alcohol content is clear, adding water to 1L, mixing, and storing in a low-temperature dark place;
4.6.2 0.05 g/La-naphthylamine standard solution, namely, sucking 50ml of 1000 ppma-naphthylamine stock solution, diluting to 1000ml, storing in a brown bottle, and storing in a dark place at low temperature;
4.6.3 0.5% p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid solution: 2.5g of sulfanilic acid was weighed into 500ml of 15% acetic acid (205 ml of 36% acetic acid +295ml of water or 75ml of glacial acetic acid +425ml of water) solution;
4.6.4 0.05% nitrous acid in solution: 0.05g of sodium nitrite is weighed and dissolved in 100ml of distilled water;
4.6.5 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.0: disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer system, 0.2M NaH is taken 2 PO 4 (390ml)+0.2M Na 2 HPO 4 (610 ml) 1000ml of water was added. (6.0844 g NaH) 2 PO 4 。2H 2 O(MW=156.01)+21.8478g Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O (MW-358.16) constant volume 1L.
(5) The screening of water-saving varieties is realized based on the unit area root system activity water-saving index and the grading standard of the table 1, and the results are shown in the tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 RAWSI classification criteria for root activity and water conservation index per unit area of wheat
TABLE 2 root Activity trait Table per unit area for wheat heading stage
TABLE 3 Water saving results during wheat heading stage
Experimental results: the water saving results of the scion period of the scale 9966, the scale H11-6021, the scale S29 and the scale 4399 are respectively strong, extremely strong, strong and strong, and are consistent with the field water saving results of various varieties.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (1)
1. A method for identifying water conservation performance of winter wheat is characterized in that: the method for identifying the water conservation performance of the winter wheat based on the water conservation index of the root system activity in unit area comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing 60 PVC pipes with the length of 2.4m and the diameter of 0.11m, and pouring the farmland soil which is screened to remove weeding roots and impurities into PIn the VC pipe, irrigation is carried out while irrigation is carried out, and a small amount of irrigation is carried out for many times; the test adopts sequential arrangement, 3 plants are planted in each pipe, the soil weight in the pipe is calculated according to the soil volume weight, the water injection quantity is calculated according to the field water holding capacity and the soil water content, compaction and sowing are carried out, and under the condition that a root system observation room simulates the field environment, the water treatment group and the water saving treatment group are respectively arranged for comparison treatment, wherein the water treatment group is used for carrying out spring irrigation on two water, and the water injection quantity is 60m respectively in the jointing period and the heading and flowering period 3 Per mu; the water-saving treatment group is used for filling 1 water in spring in the jointing period, and the water filling quantity is 60m 3 Per mu;
s2, measuring the average surface area and the average root activity of 0-120cm of the water treatment group and the water-saving treatment group respectively in the heading and flowering period, calculating the root activity per unit area, and calculating the water-saving index RAWSI of the root activity per unit area according to the following formula:
RAWSI=RAS.T 2 ·RAS.W -1 ·RACK.W·(RACK.T 2 ) -1
wherein RAWSI is root activity water-saving index of unit area, RAS.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the material to be detected, RAS.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the material to be detected, RACK.W is root activity of unit area of water treatment of the control variety, and RACK.T is root activity of unit area of water-saving treatment of the control variety; specifically, the overground part of the PVC pipe to be detected is cut off, the 0-120cm PVC pipe is divided into three sections, each section is 40cm, cards are written, the sections are respectively put into yarn bags, and the yarn bags are soaked in water for 2 hours, so that the soil is soft and convenient to clean; washing off excessive soil by using a water pipe, picking the root system of the wheat clean by using tweezers, and dyeing the wheat root system for standby by using methyl blue; placing the dyed root system on a transparent glass disc, scanning the root system into Tif format pictures by using a scanner, analyzing the pictures to obtain surface area data of the root system of the wheat, and calculating the average surface area of a soil layer of 0-120cm of the wheat; taking a sample of the root system to be measured of a soil layer with the thickness of 0-120cm by using the same method, and measuring the activity of the root system by using a method for measuring the concentration change of alpha-naphthylamine;
s3, screening of water-saving varieties is achieved based on a water-saving index RAWSI of unit area root system activity and the following standards:
the plant line with the root activity water-saving index of more than or equal to 1.300 in unit area is a new variety with extremely strong water-saving property;
the plant line with the root activity water saving index of 1.100-1.299 in unit area is a new variety with strong water saving property;
the plant line with the unit area root activity water saving index of 0.9-1.099 is a new variety with medium water saving property;
the plant line with the unit area root activity water saving index of 0.700-0.899 is a new variety with weak water saving property;
the plant line with the root activity water saving index of less than or equal to 0.699 in unit area is a new variety with extremely weak water saving property.
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