CN101032221A - Selecting method of conventional breeding of wheat - Google Patents
Selecting method of conventional breeding of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN101032221A CN101032221A CN 200610020440 CN200610020440A CN101032221A CN 101032221 A CN101032221 A CN 101032221A CN 200610020440 CN200610020440 CN 200610020440 CN 200610020440 A CN200610020440 A CN 200610020440A CN 101032221 A CN101032221 A CN 101032221A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to conventional 'plant spike' selecting wheat breeding process, and belongs to the field of flowering plant improving technology. The conventional plant spike selecting wheat breeding process developed on the basis of available bulk method, pedigree method and other breeding method includes mixed seeding of F2 and F3 generation seeds, and simultaneous target selecting and semi-random selecting to select 'plant spike'; mixed harvesting of the selected 'plant spike'; forming identifying subzone of F4 generation grouping, identifying the combined yield, etc and selecting single plant in the subzone simultaneously; evaluating and selecting grouping and selecting single plant; strain planting of the F5 generation, and selecting single plant and strain; and the subsequent homogeneous pedigree process. Compared with available breeding methods, the present invention has low cost, saving in time and high probability of obtaining excellent variety.
Description
(1), technical field the present invention relates to the phenotypic process of improvement of a kind of flowering plant, the particularly selection of gramineous crop-wheat conventional breeding.
(2), background technology
Breeding method plays crucial effect to the breeding effect.Conventional breeding is topmost method for breeding wheat always.Up to now, most improved seeds all are that the conventional breeding seed selection forms.Its basic skills has two kinds of pedigree method and mixing methods, also has in addition thus two kinds of several different methods that method derives from.Concise and to the point technical scheme and the characteristics of some main and representational methods are:
1, pedigree method: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: by combination thin planting, (according to target) menu strain → F in the combination
3: by the strain thin planting, menu strain → F in the strain
4: by the strain thin planting, menu strain → F in the strain
5: by the strain thin planting, menu strain in the strain; Roguing system → F
6: beginning strain (strain) output evaluation → F
7: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: in, early generation all carry out individual plant select, by the plantation of strain system, selectivity, high directivity, all there are system log (SYSLOG) in successive dynasties individual plant, strain system.Its shortcoming for take, time-consuming, take thing, under certain human and material resources condition, the variation type of acquisition is less.
2, mixing method: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: press combined grow, indiscriminate by combination results → F
3: press combined grow, indiscriminate by combination results → F
4: press combined grow, indiscriminate by combination results → F
5: by the combination thin planting, begin menu strain → F in the combination
6: by strain thin planting, menu strain in the strain, beginning roguing system → F
7: beginning strain (strain) output evaluation → F
8: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: main segregative generation all by the indiscriminate mixing results of combination, easy and simple to handle, be convenient to add generation, the variation type of reservation is more.Its shortcoming is: randomness, natural selection are too strong, and the objective trait genotype is on the low side relatively, and the seed selection time limit is longer relatively.
3, mixing and pedigree are selected short cut technique: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: by combination thin planting, (according to target) menu strain → F in the combination
3: by the strain thin planting, select fringe in the apparent evaluation elite plant strain, select fringe → F by each strain of combined hybrid
4: whenever be combined in various residential quarters on sand and the cohesive soil, observe record.The residential quarter only supplies evaluation reference on the sand, and overall assessment high combination results and meter in clay residential quarter produces, and all the other combinations are not received → F
5: two residential quarters are still broadcast in every combination, according to the performance of the previous generation and Ben Dai, and the overall merit individual plant → F that selects and remain
6: by strain thin planting, menu strain in the strain, beginning roguing (the strain) → F of system
7: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: the advantage that combines pedigree method and bulk method to a certain extent.Its shortcoming is: though easier a little than pedigree method, operation still bothers, and first segregative generation (F
2Generation) just carried out generation individual plant and selected, the variation type that can keep is limited.
4, simple grain (fringe) biography method: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: press combined grow, gather 1 (fringe) seed mixing → F each plant at random
3: press combined grow, gather 1 (fringe) seed mixing → F each plant at random
4: press combined grow, gather 1 (fringe) seed mixing → F each plant at random
5: by the combination thin planting, begin menu strain → F in the combination
6: menu strain in the strain, beginning roguing system → F
7: beginning strain (strain) output evaluation → F
8: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: main segregative generation press all that combination is indiscriminate receives 1 seed mixing, easy and simple to handle on each plant, and the variation type of reservation is more, be convenient to add generation.Its shortcoming is: randomness, natural selection are too strong, and the objective trait genotype is on the low side relatively; The seed selection time limit is longer relatively; Lose genotype easily; General only through the selection of generation individual plant, more individual plant and the strain system of certainly will selecting and remain, the strain of participating in the experiment is more, and later stage seed selection burden is heavier.
5, pedigree method of testing: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: by combination thin planting, (according to target) menu strain → F in the combination
3: by strain is thin planting, apparent competition elite plant strain, only menu strain in elite plant strain.After dividing each individual plant of receipts, each plant mixes and receives in the elite plant strain.→ F
4: the selected individual plant of the previous generation is planted into strain system respectively, and mixing the strain of receiving is that the seed kind becomes the sub-district.The evaluations such as output, quality are carried out in the residential quarter, as the reference of estimating this system's strain.Select major clique, menu strain in the major clique divides and receives individual plant and mixed strain (the same F that receives
3) → F
5: same F
4→ F
6: same F
4, F
5→ F
7: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: the early selection in generation is stricter, and yield and quality is had the estimation of quantity, can reduce the requirement to breeder's experience and skill, and can shorten breeding cycle.Its shortcoming is: operate comparatively numerous and complicated; The variation type that keeps is also less; May there be bigger deviation in the output estimation that residue colony (sub-district) to selecting excellent strain is.
6, mix at random and selection mixed and alternate method: parent * parent → F
1: press combined grow → F
2: press combined grow, the results random population mixes or results are selected individual mixing → F
3: press combined grow, results are selected individual the mixing or results random population mixing → F
4: press combined grow, the results random population mixes or results are selected individual mixing → F
5: by combination thin planting, menu strain → F
6: by strain thin planting, menu strain in the strain, beginning roguing (the strain) → F of system
7: beginning strain (strain) output evaluation → F
8: beginning strain variety comparative test or multiple spot test.The characteristics of this method are: it selects to mix or mixing is comparatively flexible at random, also helps the genetic variation direction of morning for hybrid population.But the seed selection time limit is relatively longer.
(3), summary of the invention:
1, goal of the invention: the objective of the invention is to deficiency, invent that a grow wheat conventional breeding is simple and easy, efficient, the selection of saving of labor, province's thing at above various technical schemes.
2, technical scheme: exploration, the Improvement and perfection of inventor by for many years, worked out the new method that can reach above goal of the invention-strain fringe back-and-forth method, technical scheme is: parent * parent → F
1Press combined grow, do not eliminate combination → F
2Broadcast by the combination simple grain, identify, select and eliminate combination, strong selectivity ground mark " strain fringe ", meet than neat and consistent, disease-resistant, solid normally, not early ageing, remarkable superelevation and do not have on " primary condition " basis of other serious physiological defect and do not select other proterties, semirandom, a large amount of mark " strain fringe ", the strain fringe not deck, do not record proterties, receive all " strain fringes " and carry out indoor mechanical screening seed and Quality Identification → F by combination is mixed
3Operate whole same F
2→ F
4By controlled test requirements document, every combination kind becomes 1 residential quarter, and contrast is set up in the individual plant dense planting, by carrying out the relatively test such as output than method, and carries out individual plant and select in the combination residential quarter, gathers in the crops earlier individual plant when ripe, and rear results residential quarter and meter produce.According to output and comprehensive appraisal, to estimate outstanding combination, generally make up and eliminate combination, individual plant is stayed in outstanding combination more, and general combined few stays individual plant, superseded combination not to stay individual plant or only stay the individual plant with outstanding excellent proterties to put into resource garden → F
5By strain individual plant thin planting, menu strain in the strain, and beginning roguing system → F
6By the strain plantation, menu strain in the strain, beginning strain (strain) output evaluation → F
7By strain plantation, menu strain and begin the strain variety comparative test or the multiple spot test in the strain.
3, characteristics: propose " strain fringe " notion 1., for the first time; A proterties that single fringe showed can be represented the proterties of its place individual plant fully, and so single fringe is called " strain fringe "." strain fringe " is single fringe in form, be individual plant in essence, is the individual plant that has dwindled.Therefore, " strain fringe " has essential difference with common " single fringe ".It does not isolate, and it is closely related with the place individual plant, and itself performance can not instrument be complied with in its evaluation, must be according to the general performance of place individual plant, otherwise, estimate or the merit of selected single fringe just may be distortion.Therefore, " strain fringe " is at single fringe of selected " individual plant " internal labeling, but not single fringe of choosing in the general notion " plant ".2., main segregating generation is to select with " strain fringe ", receive to make up to mix entirely, and carries out simultaneously target and partly at random two kinds of selections; 3., F4 had not only made up output for The same group and identifies, but also carries out individual plant and select.The overall technological scheme of these local techniques schemes and " strain fringe back-and-forth method " all is different from the technical scheme of existing other various systems of selection.Combine the advantage of the several different methods such as mixing method and pedigree method, really realized easy, saving, efficient.
3, beneficial effect
1, propose " strain fringe " notion, strict press " strain fringe " selected, and selects than general single ear selection, improved accuracy and target that proterties is selected greatly, is difficult for the lose objects character gene.
2, because " strain fringe " is the individual plant that has dwindled, so in identical colony, be convenient to keep or plant variation types than most times of pedigree methods; Though again because strong target selection is arranged, a large amount of selecting relatively at random arranged more, so can not cause weakening of hereditary variation degree, the chance that obtains the Yield Genes type that difficult range estimation is identified, genetic force is extremely low is also more.
3, main segregating generation is all by the mixed receipts of combination, mixed seeding selected " strain fringe " seed, rather than receive, sow sub as the unit take individual plant or single fringe, receive, broadcast all minimizings of ten times of element number, program does not have complicated the variation, has omitted many records and record, compares with the several different methods such as pedigree method, no matter be field selection, results, threshing, species test, written sowing plan, field sowing, all very easy can be economized significantly ground, be saved money, and the saving of labor of several times, saves time.
4, F
4Identify for combination output, can identify that can do sth. in advance two generations obtains the yield traits information of seed selection object than the strain output of traditional pedigree method, so that determine emphasis and accept or reject as early as possible.
5, F
4In generation, makes up output and identifies, at this moment selects through two generations " strain fringe ", got rid of most influence and interference that the genotype of distinct disadvantage is arranged combination population yield proterties, therefore has preferably with reference to property.Simultaneously also through two generations to the selection of combination with eliminate, number of combinations significantly reduces, operation is also accomplished accurately and reliably easily easily.
6, variation type is many, quantity is many, F for " the strain fringe " that keeps because of this method
4The individual plant of the only generation that generation carries out is selected, the individual plant that must select in a large number, F
5The strain number in generation is too many, and work load is heavy.F
4In generation, made up evaluation, eliminates accordingly this generation part individual plant, greatly alleviated the burden of follow-up work.
7, F
4Carry out in same colony for individual plant selection and small plot experiment, not only help economization scientific research land used, more help that do not lose, whole utilizations and select material.
(4) description of drawings: Figure of description is the flow chart of the inventive method.
(5), embodiment:
Press breeding objective and the assembly of parent's assembly principle combination (parent * parent).
F
1: press combined grow, do not eliminate combination.
F
2: 1., broadcast by the combination simple grain, than thin planting (density comparatively greater than pedigree method).2., identify, select and eliminate combination.3., press breeding objective (objective trait) strong selectivity ground in the comparatively individual plant internal labeling of neat and consistent " strain fringe ", every strain one fringe thinks that outstanding individual plant can mark the 2-3 fringe.4., meet than neat and consistent, disease-resistant, solid normally, not early ageing, remarkable superelevation and do not have on " primary condition " basis of other serious physiological defect non-preference shape, semirandom, a large amount of mark " strain fringe "; 5., institute's roguing fringe do not overlap board, do not write down proterties, mix by combination when ripe and receive all " strain fringes "; Select to divide three times: the one, at grouting initial stage primary election, every combination 100 fringes-200 fringes (changeable); The 2nd, in grouting middle and later periods final election, extraction does not meet the fringe that selects of " primary condition "; The 3rd, sift out grain with mechanical means during indoor species test and heavily be significantly less than the seed of purpose index, and can carry out quality and identify, the combination of screening high-quality.
F
3: operate whole same F
2
F
4, 1., by controlled test requirements document, every combination kind becomes 1 residential quarter, residential quarter area 10-20 square metre, every interval 6-8 combination kind of 1 a residential quarter check variety, 1-2 repetition; The individual plant dense planting, density requires not only significantly to require (in order to can substantially carry out individual plant is selected but also basic adequacy test requirement) greater than general individual plant selection material less than general variety comparative test, but wide-narrow row planting, 10 centimetres of narrow row line-spacings, wide every trade is apart from 16 centimetres, 8 centimetres of spacing in the rows, high fertile cultivation is by carry out the relatively test such as output than method.2., carrying out individual plant in combination (sub-district) selects.Carry out more detailed observation record.Gather in the crops earlier individual plant when ripe, rear results residential quarter and meter produce, and selected single-strain grain weight counts cell production.According to output and comprehensive evaluation situation, estimate outstanding combination, generally make up and eliminate combination.Individual plant is stayed in outstanding combination more, and general combined few stays individual plant, superseded combination not to stay individual plant or only stay the individual plant with outstanding excellent proterties to put into the resource garden.
F
5(the same pedigree method of later program): 1., by strain individual plant thin planting, menu strain in the strain, 2., beginning roguing system.
F
6: 1., by strain individual plant thin planting, menu strain in the strain; 2., beginning strain (strain) output is identified.F
7: 1., by strain individual plant thin planting, menu strain in the strain; 2., beginning variety comparative test or multiple spot test.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of selecting method of conventional breeding of wheat comprises that the parent selects, hybridization, and the offspring identifies selection, variety comparative tests etc. is characterized in that, its F
1In generation, pressed combined grow, do not eliminate combination; F
2Generation and F
3In generation, broadcast by the combination simple grain, strong selectivity ground mark " strain fringe ", and meet than neat and consistent, disease-resistant, solid normally, not early ageing, remarkable superelevation and do not have on " primary condition " basis of other serious physiological defect and do not select other proterties, semirandom, a large amount of mark " strain fringe ", the strain fringe not deck, do not record proterties, receive all " strain fringes " and carry out indoor mechanical screening seed and Quality Identification by combination is mixed, identify, select and eliminate combination; F
4In generation, is by controlled test requirements document, every combination kind becomes 1 residential quarter, and contrast is set up in the individual plant dense planting, by carrying out the relatively test such as output than method, and in the combination residential quarter, carry out individual plant and select, gathering in the crops earlier individual plant when ripe, rear results residential quarter and meter produce, according to output and comprehensive appraisal, evaluate outstanding combination, generally make up and eliminate combination, individual plant is stayed in outstanding combination more, and general combined few stays individual plant, superseded combination not to stay individual plant or only stay the individual plant with outstanding excellent proterties to put into the resource garden; F
5In generation, pressed strain individual plant thin planting, menu strain in the strain, and beginning roguing system; F
6Menu strain in the strain began strain output and identified by the strain plantation generation; F
7Generation is by strain plantation, menu strain and begin the strain variety comparative test or the multiple spot test in the strain.
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| CN 200610020440 CN101032221B (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2006-03-06 | Selecting method of conventional breeding of wheat |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610020440 CN101032221B (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2006-03-06 | Selecting method of conventional breeding of wheat |
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| CN101032221B CN101032221B (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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| CN102197784A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2011-09-28 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat |
| CN102939898A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN104351042A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of weak gluten wheat |
| CN104365470A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司 | Rapid selection breeding method of early-maturing high-yielding wheat variety |
| CN107018891A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat |
| CN110089421A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-06 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | The method of wheat hybridizing offspring choice breeding |
| CN113875582A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-04 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Cross breeding method for keeping genetic diversity of wheat |
| CN116762689A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | 阜阳安禾农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating new variety of wheat based on whole-course digital means |
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Cited By (14)
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| CN102197784A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2011-09-28 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat |
| CN102197784B (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2013-01-30 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat |
| CN102187808A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2011-09-21 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for breeding ultrahigh-yield eurytopic wheat |
| CN102187808B (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2013-05-08 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for breeding ultrahigh-yield eurytopic wheat |
| CN102939898A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN102939898B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-07-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for catalpa bungei clonal seed selection |
| CN104351042A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of weak gluten wheat |
| CN104365470A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司 | Rapid selection breeding method of early-maturing high-yielding wheat variety |
| CN107018891A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat |
| CN107018891B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2019-04-09 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat |
| CN110089421A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-06 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | The method of wheat hybridizing offspring choice breeding |
| CN110089421B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-02-18 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for selecting and breeding wheat filial generation |
| CN113875582A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-04 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Cross breeding method for keeping genetic diversity of wheat |
| CN116762689A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-19 | 阜阳安禾农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating new variety of wheat based on whole-course digital means |
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