CN107018891B - A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

Wheat breeding is at present still based on traditional breeding method, and there are breeding cycle length, the disadvantages such as heavy workload, investment is high, success rate of breeding is low for traditional breeding method.The present invention provides it is a kind of quickly, efficiently, the method for breeding wheat of low cost, comprising the following steps: preferred parent, excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits；Essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；F1 generation eliminates a small amount of combination；F2 is planted for microcommunity, fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, indoor species test；F2 is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling for seeding method, and drilling, which is surveyed, to be produced, and screening emphasis combination, program request field selects fine individual plant or Dan Sui；In excellent combined F2 generation, retains a variety of different types of single plants；F3 generation, which surveys, to be produced, simultaneous selection list fringe；In F4 generation, carries out primary variety comparative test and screens excellent strain, simultaneous selection list fringe；In F5 generation, participates in the test of provincial and/or national areas.F2 ~ F5 can cultivate simultaneously and/or alternately selection, identification with floods and droughts two places, or more than two areas carry out strange land and cultivate selection, identification, to investigate new lines adaptability.

Description

A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for breeding wheat, in particular to a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, Belong to agriculture field.

Background technique

Wheat is one of three big cereal, is that total output occupies the second cereal crops in the world.Wheat is that China is most important One of grain ration, Wheat Production are particularly significant to China's grain security, and industry development is directly related to national food security and society Stablize.The single rate and total output of wheat are continuously increased, and breed improvement is most important factor of science and technology.It is created by wheat breeding Newly, more high yields, stable yields, good wheat breed are cultivated and produce to national food security and are improved People's livelihood with important meaning Justice.However at first 20 years of 20th century, transgenic technology has also been only in the breeding and commercialization of wheat breed using upper Step section.Even starting to walk the cereal crops such as morning, the maximum corn and soybean of effect in genetically modified crops, main input characteristics It is only limitted to (the Bt gene of HT and insect resistace including herbicide tolerance) technological progress of pesticide efficiency improvement type, to crop yield Influence be mainly reflected in and reduce insect pest and weeds and influence loss, it is limited to the effect for improving yield.Such as United States Department of Agriculture's data, The corn of National is averaged per unit area yield 2004-2008 years and improves 28% than 1991-nineteen ninety-fives, and only 3%~4% is attributed to the fact that and turns Gene Bt characteristic, and 24%~25% is still attributed to the fact that traditional breeding method.

For wheat breeding at present still based on traditional breeding method, traditional breeding method has the disadvantage in that 1, breeding cycle is long.One product Kind incubation to promote, from assemble hybridization, to later every year plant offspring select, it is few then 7 or eight years, more then more than ten years.2, Heavy workload.Traditional breeding method needs to prepare a large amount of combinations and is hybridized, carries out the hybridization of big group, filial generation needs to plant Sufficient amount of plant or strain are compared screening.And the period of breeding is long, and the workload in each stage is bigger. 3, it puts into huge.Hybridization pollination is at present based on artificial, and time-consuming and laborious, filial generation needs field or chamber planting, needs big Soil, the agricultural facility of amount.4, success rate of breeding is low.It is bred as a kind to generally require to configure a large amount of combination, year after year Carry out select, big group's large area plants filial generation, but success breeding is few to the kind that can be promoted and applied.

Summary of the invention

Traditional breeding method is most fruitful breeding method in current wheat breeding, but there is period length, heavy workload, The disadvantages such as investment is big, success rate is low the shortcomings that in order to overcome existing traditional breeding technology, improve breeding efficiency, reduce investment at This, the present invention provides a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat.

The purpose of the present invention is shortening breeding cycle, human and material resources, the financial resources of breeding investment are reduced, breeding efficiency is improved.

Technical scheme is as follows:

The present invention provides a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, comprising the following steps:

(1) preferred parent, excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits, other parents 8 ~ 12；The Center parent choosing The new lines having outstanding performance from the area (a) examination, or the intermediate materials with excellent character (b) oneself being bred as, (c) have just been authorized Improved Varieties；

(2) essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；

(3) F1 generation selects excellent combination according to field character or indoor species test result；

(4) F2 plants 200 ~ 600 plants of group for each combination；Fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, interior Species test；Seeding method is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling, and drilling, which is surveyed, to be produced, screening emphasis combination, and the selection of program request field is excellent Good single plant or Dan Sui；In excellent combined F2 generation, retains a variety of different types of single plants；

(5) F3 generation plantation, surveys and produces, and selects single fringe；

(6) F4 generation plantation carries out primary variety comparative test and screens excellent strain, selects single fringe；

(7) in excellent strain F5 generation, participates in the test of provincial and/or national areas.

Preferably, the new lines having outstanding performance in the examination of area (a) described in step (1) include: 984121,954(5) -4, SN5843, mountain agriculture 2149 or good star 619；

The intermediate materials with excellent character that (b) described in step (1) is bred as oneself include the intermediate materials of self-fertile 6125；

The improved Varieties that (c) has just been authorized described in step (1) include that the careful kind of state is short by anti-58.

Strain of participating in the experiment, the kind that the excellent Center parent of character described in step (1) is had outstanding performance in the examination of all kinds of areas Or the middle advanced clones in breeding nursery, new Parents are early selected, combination is early assembled.

Preferably, the Crossing system that cross combination is handed over using single cross or three is assembled described in step (2).

Preferably, cross combination is assembled described in step (2) to be hybridized using reciprocal cross.

Preferably, F1 surveys production, competition combination in step (3).

Preferably, F2 for fine field observation includes (a) observation and the good single plant of label frost resistance in step (4), and/or (b) single plant observed and mark disease resistance good, (c) observes and marks precocious single plant, (d) improves meter ruler and measures single plant, improves Meter ruler than normal meter ruler shorten 10 centimetres.

Preferably, different types of 5 ~ 20 single plants of selection in step (4).

Preferably, the F2 ~ F5 cultivates selection, identification in floods and droughts two places simultaneously and/or alternately.

Preferably, the F2 ~ F5 carries out cultivation selection, identification in more than two areas.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, shorten breeding cycle.According to the method provided by the invention, side Ce Chan Bian Xuansui Stable character can participate in provincial region in F5 generation and test, 3-4 more early than conventional method.2, low investment, low cost.It is conventional Method uses hundreds of parents easily at present, configures hundreds of or even thousands of a cross combinations, and this method uses center close every year This 3 ~ 5, other parents 10 or so, cross combination 30 ~ 60 are assembled, greatly reduces breeding investment.It is using traditional Spectrometry breeding, F2 is for each 2000 ~ 6000 plants combined of plantation group.This method F2 for each combination plantation group 200 ~ 600 plants, differ 10 times or so.Progeny population plantation is small, also saves breeding cost.3, high-efficient, the success rate of improved variety It greatly improves, makees to hybridize since 2005, wheat breeding is carried out using this method, has been bred as 7 new variety of wheat and 10 Multiple new strain of wheat participated in the experiment.

The technical essential of method for breeding wheat provided by the invention can be summarized as four words: i.e. and " smart (excellent), small, more, early ", Or four word method of breeding.

First is that smart (excellent): referring to preferred parent, essence with combination.

It is preferred that parent: refer to selected parent it is fewer but better, it is excellent in select excellent, character is able to stand all tests and coordinate force is good.

The quantity that this method is elected to be Center parent every year is 3 ~ 5, and non-central parent can be slightly more, general 10 or so.Choosing The material for making Center parent usually has three classes: first is that the new lines having outstanding performance in area's examination；Second is that having for oneself being bred as is certain The intermediate materials of excellent character；Third is that the certain improved Varieties just authorized.Such as the female parent of No. 28 kinds of mountain agriculture is 984121 (Jimai 22 former number) participates in the experiment strain when the kind is used as parent for the examination of Shandong Province's wheat high fertile area, yielding ability and disease-resistant Property etc. all show it is very prominent.Male parent 6125 is the excellent intermediate materials of self-fertile, and prematureness falls Huang etc. and shows very It is good.By to just picking out after the examining, further investigate of above-mentioned Parent as parent's.The kinds such as mountain agriculture 32 Parental apolegamy is also such.

It now assembles combination to start within 2005 hybridization to count, 7 be bred as over 12 years new variety of wheat (mountain agriculture 27,28 Number, No. 31, No. 32 and the common people No. 6, No. 7, No. 8) used in parent's (regardless of Parent) for brief analysis it is as follows:

One of the parent of (1) 7 kind is 5 new lines having outstanding performance in area's examination.

5 new lines are respectively: 984121(Jimai 22 primary numbers), 954(5) -4(blueness wheat No. 1 primary number), SN5843 (mountain agriculture 22 primary numbers), the mountain mountain agriculture 2149(agriculture 17 primary numbers), the good star of good star 619(77 primary numbers).Above-mentioned 5 parents were equal later It is examined by saving careful or state.

One of the parent of (2) 4 kinds, is all from the intermediate materials of 1 self-fertile.

One of mountain agriculture No. 27, No. 28, No. 31 and No. 32 parents are the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile.

One of parent of (3) 1 kinds is that state examines kind.

One of parent that the common people is No. 7 is that the careful kind of state is short by anti-58.

Illustrated by above example, one will find and enable excellent new lines to make parent as early as possible；Two to provide quality goods or brilliant certainly it is different Germplasms, that is to say, that using oneself initiative excellent germplasm materials be parent；Third is that saving careful, state examines wheat The materials such as new varieties are also a kind of important parent management.

Essence is with combination: essence refers on the basis of preferred parent with combination, for the characteristic trait and needs of Center parent The character of transformation filters out another suitable parent, and the basic principle assembled according to hybridization, the especially principle of character complementation It carries out hybridization and assembles combination.So-called essence, which is matched, is meant that the combination assembled should not be more, it is important to which whether parental apolegamy is appropriate, such as Fruit parent selects well, group combined group is appropriately possible to improved variety, if Juvenile stage and combination unreasonable allocation, not just When even if selection is also impossible to improved variety for many years meticulously in hybrid generation, so can parental apolegamy improved variety Very the key link.This method that is well-designed, precisely assembling is moved with domestic and international currently used tactics of human sea method With hundreds of parents, the way for configuring hundreds of or even thousands of a cross combinations is very different.In the annual use of this method Heart parent 3 ~ 5, other parents 10 or so, assemble cross combination 30 ~ 60.

It is generally mostly used about Crossing system if the advantage and disadvantage of parents are complementary and meet the requirement of overall breeding objective Single cross mode.I presides over more than 10 a new variety of wheat being bred as and the new lines participated in the experiment nearly all is using such hybridization Mode.Certainly, if the advantage and disadvantage complementarity of parents is not able to satisfy the requirement of overall breeding objective, the sides such as three friendships can also be used Formula.

For certain especially excellent parents, Its Reciprocal Hybrids are all done has different harvests sometimes.Such as mountain agriculture 28 It is Jimai 22/6125, is Orthogonal Composite, and mountain agriculture 27 are then 6125/ Jimais 22, are combined for reciprocal cross, the former is high rich water product Kind, the latter is nonirrigated farmland kind.

Essence is built upon with combination parent is observed meticulously, is furtherd investigate after the method that uses, if the understanding to parent Depth, familiarity be not inadequate, and the combination assembled in this way there may be certain defects, therefore also carry out carefully to F-1 hybrids Observation, identification choose excellent combination so that the combination that minority is not met breeding objective requirement eliminates.Or to such Combination is transformed.

Though essence is few with combined quantity, emphasis is more prominent, is conducive to researcher and concentrates one's energy to close at a small number of groups It carries out going deep into observational study, is likely to accomplish " working with great care ", it is easier to produce result.

The core of this main points, first is that being used it is preferred that going out good parent.Second is that the combination that configuration is appropriate, that is to say, that match The combination set and be easy material, go out kind.Third is that the number of combinations assembled wants fewer but better, rather than it is more and miscellaneous.This method is different from Traditional multiselect parent, the way for more doing combination extensive cultivation.In contrast, this side owned by France in intensive cultivation, accurate breeding Method.

Second is that small: referring to that the plantation group in F2 generation is small, breeding work amount is small.

It is introduced according to " plant genetics and breeding " of Cai Xu chief editor, granule cereal crop (wheat, rice) is using traditional Pedigree method breeding, F2 is for each 2000 ~ 6000 plants combined of plantation group.This method F2 for each combination plantation group 200 ~ 600 plants, 10 times or so are differed, is microcommunity method of breeding.Though the group in this method F2 generation is small, site preparation, fertilising, sowing and management Equal requirements are tighter, more standardize, more careful to the observation of field single plant, record and indoor species test.For example select frost resistance good from F2 generation Single plant, other than usually recording the frost resistance of some combination, this method will also (blade not be endured cold to the good single plant of frost resistance Evil is extremely light) separate marking, red paint is applied such as on the good single-strain blade of frost resistance or waddy label is inserted (in frost resistance table in side Before now most significantly getting over Winter Solstice period of seedling establishment), side is a very important selection criteria whether there is or not waddy when harvesting single plant, there is wood The expression frost resistance of rod is good；If selecting disease-resistant good single plant, other than general disease resistance is recorded, the good single plant of disease resistance is then wanted Listing mark.The precocious single plant of same choosing is also listing mark.The for another example selection of short bar single plant, the strain of general breeding nursery single plant 10 centimetres shorter than the kind of field planting of height or more.For example the plant height of improved variety is 75 centimetres, then in F2 in selective nursery 65 centimetres or single plant below are selected, because plant can become shorter under selective nursery lean conditions, once into field planting Afterwards, plant height will increase 10 centimetres or more.The meter ruler that we are used to measure plant height thus is also improved, and is shortened than normal meter ruler 10 centimetres, i.e. 10 centimeters are 0 centimetre, and 70 centimetres of reality of plant height are 60 centimetres.

Since the plantation group in F2 generation is small, so whole breeding work amounts have also been smaller.

This main points is:, this owned by France microcommunity method of breeding different from big group breeding, and F2 generation plantation group is small, but plants More specification, observation record are more careful, and workload is small.

Third is that more: referring to that F2 generation selects and remain that single plant type is more, the type of improved variety is abundant.

F2 generation is the generation that hybrid separation is maximum, separation type is most, and the generation of selection fine individual plant most critical. So wanting multiselect type in F2 generation, different types of elite seedling is disaggregatedly remained, it thus may be same Different types of excellent strain is selected in a combination, so that the new varieties of heterogeneous are bred as, to avoid other kinds of major clique It eliminates.

For example from 6125/ Jimai 22 combination we select long awns, multi-spike-type, middle high bar type single plant, be bred as drought Fertile ground wheat breed mountain agriculture 27.Simultaneous selection tip awn, in big fringe, in short bar type single plant, then be bred as high rich water wheat The agriculture of kind mountain 31.The type that combination F2 generation selects and remain single plant is more, amounts to 18 single plants, has been bred as 2 kinds.To separation phase The Jimai 22/6125 less to smaller, type combines, and F2 generation has only selected and remain 6 single plants, has been bred as No. 28 kinds of mountain agriculture.

This main points is: to combination big, more than type is separated, answering the different types of single plant of multiselect, is not restricted to one pattern and stays excellent material.One As separation biggish F2 generation combination, each combination selects and remain 15-20 single plant, separates relatively small combine and select and remain 10 single plant left sides It is right.This method and the typical pedigree method second generation of hybrid is each to be combined and selects and remain dozens of even several hundred a single plants and compare, the quantity of roguing And it is few, but the type selected and remain is more, and the probability for being bred as different rice varieties is big.

Fourth is that early: it is early that four can be summarized as.I.e. early apolegamy early surveys production, early upgrading, early participates in the experiment.

Early apolegamy is i.e. early to select parent, earlier mating combination, for example discovery performance strain outstanding of participating in the experiment, product in the examination of all kinds of areas Middle advanced clones in kind or breeding nursery, it is optional to be used as parent, and combination is assembled as early as possible.As mountain agriculture 27, No. 28, No. 31, No. 32,10 kinds, one of the Parent such as the common people No. 6, No. 7, No. 8 and mountain agriculture 8355, No. 14, No. 15 be to be tried in provincial area In the materials such as the new lines had outstanding performance or excellent kind make parent's.

It is F2, F3 generation to begin to survey production that early survey, which produces,.Usually the F2 seed combined for emphasis is divided into two, a part Strip sowing planting, which is mainly used for surveying, to be produced, and a part of program request plantation is then used for roguing.It is comprehensive to F2 generation combination progress according to the result produced is surveyed Evaluation is closed, emphasis combination is chosen, then emphasis is treated.To F3 for strain survey produce be determine the strain going or staying it is important according to According to difference is not significant compared with the control for strain yield by F3, usually just eliminates, and the effect for continuing selection is also unobvious, early to eliminate The workload in later period can be mitigated.Sometimes survey production is also carried out to the part combination of F1 generation, mainly competition combination.To F1, F2 and The combination in F3 generation or strain early survey the unique distinction of production and this method.

Early upgrading can be promoted more than one grade at a time to especially excellent strain is showed, and rise up into primary product ratio as the strain in F3 generation can bypass the immediate leadership Test garden；Such as No. 28 kinds of mountain agriculture, F3 withholds the variety comparative test garden progress yield assessment that the seed obtained enters next year, although F3 The character in generation is also unstable, irregular, but the yield between different strains can separate height.While surveying production, it is necessary to right Elected strain carries out that fringe is selected to reserve seed for planting, and continues to isolate and purify, breeding seed.It, can be than going out in F5 generation by 2 years variety comparative tests Yield height, major clique are scalable to provincial region test.

The strain especially excellent to performance of early participating in the experiment is due to just having carried out variety comparative test, yield assessment, institute in F3, F4 generation It is can apply participating in provincial test in F5, i.e., early to participate in the experiment.Such as the kinds such as mountain agriculture 28, common people No. 7, No. 8 are in the just Shen F5 It please participate in province's regional testing.If at least taking late 3 ~ 4 years according to conventional way, and the strain of like combinations breeding was in 3 ~ 4 years Test is just participated in afterwards, and competition can be fiercer, or even is just eliminated in midway of participating in the experiment.

This main points is: it is early to select parent, earlier mating combination, early survey production, early upgrading, early participate in the experiment, it not only can be shortened breeding process, and it is early Out kind, go out kind fastly, and it is early survey to produce can early eliminate performance poor combination, strain and strain, early cast off a burden and mitigate work Amount, the investment to use manpower and material resources sparingly with fund of scientific research are achieved many things at one stroke.

It is attached: other improvements method

1. changing --- change F2 for the traditional method that should not add generation under the conditions of different season (greenhouse)；

2. changing --- change the method that F2 is program request and drilling while plantation for simple grain program request method;

3. changing --- reelecting strain is to select fringe, i.e., selects fringe up to being bred as new lines since F3；

4. changing --- with changing into water or the seed choosing method of nonirrigated farmland cultivation is either simultaneously or alternately to cultivate selection, mirror in floods and droughts two places Fixed method；

5. changing --- it changes into ground cultivation and is accredited as the method for mostly cultivating identification.

Wheat breeding is carried out using this method, Juvenile stage and hybridization is done since 2005, it is new to be bred as 7 wheats Kind and more than 10 new strain of wheat participated in the experiment.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat.

Specific embodiment

Further detailed description is done to the present invention below with reference to embodiment:

The Breeding Process and method of example No. 28 new variety of wheat of 1. mountain agriculture

It is female parent that mountain agriculture 28, which are in May, 2005 with 984121 (Jimais 22 primary numbers), and the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile are Male parent carries out sexual hybridization and assembles combination, and cultivates hybrid generation selection for years using the method for the present invention, surveys to produce and identify, It was bred as, is authorized by Shandong Province in 2010 within 2015.Specific Breeding Process is as described below.

In May, (1) 2005, seminar are female parent with 984121, and the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile are paternal hybrid group combo It closes, obtains hybrid seed.The combination belongs to preferred parent, essence with the early apolegamy combination of combination, excellent strain.

984121 have been used as provinces and regions to try new lines of participating in the experiment when being elected to be parent, have outstanding performance, and the 6125 of self-fertile are had outstanding performance, Coordinate force is good.Current year is selected as germ plasm resource totally 5 of Center parent, i.e. Linmai No.2,984121,9411, the 6125 of self-fertile, Thailand Mountain 008.Cross combination 56 are assembled altogether.The parent of selection and cross combination are far less than conventional traditional breeding method.Conventional biography System breeding generally makes great efforts to do cross combination when assembling cross combination more, to measure victory, expands the basis selected later.

(2) hybrid seed of the combination is carried out autumn sowing by 2005-2006 year, October in the same year, harvests F1 generation seed.

F1 generation is according to field trait expression superiority and inferiority, and F1 generation combination field eliminates 3 when current year wheat harvest, and mortality is lower, About 1/15th.According to data introduction, foreign countries assemble that cross combination is thousands of, and mortality accounts for one third or so.Selected group Credit union reduces mortality, and F1 generation is eliminated, and can reduce the workload of F2.

(3) 2006-2007 year, the sub- program request of the hybrid which is harvested, 565 plants of group of F2 generation plantation select through field Strain and indoor species test, it is middle to select F2 for 6 plants of fine individual plant.

The planting patterns in F2 generation is: a part of seed of the combination is subjected to drilling with compareing, 2 rows of general each plantation, and purpose It is to carry out yield assessment, selects excellent combination；Another part seed is convenient for roguing by the way of program request.In combination F2 generation, is single Strain separation type is few, therefore roguing is less, and totally 6 plants.

(4) 2007-2008 year, by the plantation adjacent with control Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall of the seed of selected in last year 6 fine individual plants, often A single plant (containing control) 2 rows of plantation carry out strain and survey to produce identification, after indoor species test in select F3 for elite plant strain 1 (number is 073295-96), menu fringe 10 continue to isolate and purify.

In 6 single plants of F2 Dai Zhongxuan, the strain (offspring of single plant claims strain at this time) that number is 073295-96, which is surveyed, produces knot Fruit protrudes than control volume increase, is cited as emphasis strain.10 single fringes are first picked when harvest from the strain, then by more than its Son is mixed to have kind in one's care, rises up into primary variety comparative test kind for bypassing the immediate leadership next year.Further, since the drilling since F3 generation, planting density connect Nearly production is not easy to roguing, therefore is just become selecting fringe from roguing from F3 generation.

(5) in 2008-2009 year, F4 generation, have a competition especially excellent 073295-96 strain leapfrog participation primary product is showed It tests, the survey for carrying out larger area produces identification.Fringe system mirror is carried out to 10 selected from 073295-96 strain single fringes at the same time Determine and isolate and purify, and is screened out from it Super-high-yielding major clique 084300.

Traditional pedigree method just selects major clique to carry out ore grade indexes generally when F5 or F6 is relatively stable and neat for character And variety comparative test.The present invention improves typical pedigree method, this method focuses on early stage survey and produces, because yield traits exist Early generation and the correlation in high generation are very close, F3 for high yield strain to F5 or F6 for general high yield, survey and produce on early stage side While isolating and purifying, the breeding time limit can be shortened, improved variety promotes and applies in production ahead of time.

(6) 2009-2010 year variety comparative test is participated in the seed upgrading of 084300 strain, and remaining seed is dilute Thin breeding seed, in case participating on probation kind of provinces and regions.Test result shows 084300 strain, and not only yield is high, than compareing Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall Increase yield significantly, and Comprehensive Traits are good, disease-resistant, anti-fall, mid-early maturity, fall Huang Xinghao, therefore provinces and regions examination preparation examination is participated in application ahead of time It tests.

Mountain agriculture 28 belong to a breeding example for early selecting parent, earlier mating combination, early survey to produce, early upgrade, early participate in the experiment.The product Kind carried out since F3 generation strain survey produce, in F4 generation, rises up into primary variety comparative test, F5 generation rises up into variety comparative test, in F5 generation, just completes three In the yield assessment in year, F6 generation, participate in provincial area's examination preliminary experiment ahead of time.And traditional pedigree method just starts to carry out yield survey at this time It comments, this method shortens breeding process 2 ~ 3 years.

(7) 2010-2011 year 084300 number as SH4300, declare and participate in the group preparation of Shandong Province's wheat high fertile and try It tests.Test result SH4300 ranks Shandong Province's wheat high fertile B group preliminary experiment the 1st.

(8) 2011-2012 year, the strain rise up into the examination of wheat high fertile group area, Shandong Province, and Result of the plot trial rolls over per mu yield 580.71 Kg occupies the 1st than control Jimai 22 volume increase 5.30%.

(9) 2012-2013 year, second year Result of the plot trial roll over 574.72 kg of per mu yield, increase production than control Jimai 22 6.99%, occupy the 1st.

(10) 2013-2014 year, SH4300 rise up into Shandong Province's wheat high fertile group pilot production, 618.45 kg of per mu yield, Than control Jimai 22 volume increase 6.45%, the 1st is occupied.It is authorized by Shandong Province.

(11) 2014-2016 is recommended and participates in the examination of the Yellow River and Huai He River north area, piece country, has passed through country's authorization.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, comprising the following steps:

(1) preferred parent, excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits, other parents 8 ~ 12；The Center parent is selected from (a) new lines having outstanding performance in area's examination, or the intermediate materials with excellent character (b) oneself being bred as, that (c) has just authorized is excellent Good new varieties；

(2) essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；

(3) F1 generation selects excellent combination according to field character or indoor species test result；

(4) F2 plants 200 ~ 600 plants of group for each combination；Fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, interior are examined Kind；Seeding method is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling, and drilling, which is surveyed, to be produced, screening emphasis combination, and the selection of program request field is excellent Single plant or Dan Sui；In excellent combined F2 generation, retains a variety of different types of single plants；

(5) F3 generation plantation, surveys and produces, and selects single fringe；

(6) F4 generation plantation carries out primary variety comparative test and screens excellent strain, selects single fringe；

(7) in excellent strain F5 generation, participates in the test of provincial and/or national areas.

2. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:

The new lines having outstanding performance in the examination of area (a) described in step (1) include: 984121, green wheat No. 1, SN5843, mountain agriculture 2149 Or good star 619；

The intermediate materials with excellent character that (b) described in step (1) is bred as oneself include the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile；

The improved Varieties that (c) has just been authorized described in step (1) include that the careful kind of state is short by anti-58.

3. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (1) Described in middle height in the excellent Center parent of character strain of participating in the experiment, kind or the breeding nursery had outstanding performance in the examination of all kinds of areas For material, new Parents are early selected, early assemble combination.

4. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) Described in assemble cross combination using single cross or three hand over Crossing system.

5. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2) Described in assemble cross combination and hybridized using reciprocal cross.

6. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) Middle F1, which is surveyed, to be produced, competition combination.

7. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) Middle F2 includes (a) the single plant observed and mark frost resistance good for fine field observation, and/or (b) observes and mark disease resistance good Single plant, (c) observe and mark precocious single plant, (d) improve meter ruler and measure single plant, improved meter ruler shortens 10 than normal meter ruler Centimetre.

8. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) Middle different types of 5 ~ 20 single plants of selection.

9. described in any item a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterised in that: F2 ~ the F5 cultivates selection, identification in floods and droughts two places simultaneously and/or alternately.

10. a kind of described in any item rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, feature exist according to claim 1 ~ 8 In: the F2 ~ F5 carries out cultivation selection, identification in more than two areas.