CN114365688A - Breeding method for new wheat variety - Google Patents
Breeding method for new wheat variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN114365688A CN114365688A CN202210087191.4A CN202210087191A CN114365688A CN 114365688 A CN114365688 A CN 114365688A CN 202210087191 A CN202210087191 A CN 202210087191A CN 114365688 A CN114365688 A CN 114365688A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new wheat variety. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) selecting two different varieties of wheat for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds; (2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds; (3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds; (4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds; (5) and (5) repeating the method in the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and stabilizing the F8 generation wheat seeds through selfing. The method of the present invention can breed wheat variety with excellent characteristic fast and is superior to available technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new wheat variety.
Background
Wheat is a general name of a plant of the wheat genus, and a representative species of the wheat is common wheat (with a scientific name of triticum aestivum L.) which is a gramineous plant and is a cereal crop widely planted around the world, and the caryopsis of the wheat is one of staple foods of human beings, and can be made into foods such as bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and the like after being ground into flour, and can be made into beer, alcohol, white spirit (such as vodka) or biomass fuel after being fermented.
Wheat is one of the traditional crop planting varieties, people can not live in the wheat, crops can not be planted in the wheat, and the yield is an important factor for restricting the development of the wheat. The traditional wheat breeding process is natural hybridization or selfing until a new variety is cultivated, but the method has long breeding time and low efficiency, so that the breeding repetition rate is low, the breeding result is unstable, and the development of the wheat breeding process is limited, so that the selection of proper hybrid male parents, proper female parents and proper hybridization methods are particularly important for reducing the breeding work.
Therefore, the problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a simple method to effectively breed a new wheat variety with excellent traits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding new wheat varieties, which effectively breeds wheat varieties with excellent properties by gradually selecting single ears and single plants of wheat.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a breeding method of a new wheat variety, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting two different varieties of wheat for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: disease resistance, medium short stalk, medium precocity, thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance, short stalk, precocity, thousand grain weight not less than 36g and spike grain number not less than 36 grains;
(5) and (5) repeating the method in the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and stabilizing the F8 generation wheat seeds through selfing.
Preferably, the disease resistance in step (2) is at least one of stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
Preferably, the height of the medium short stalk in the step (2) is less than or equal to 80 cm.
Preferably, the medium precocity in the step (2) is that the full growth period is less than or equal to 200 days.
Preferably, the high disease resistance in the step (4) is stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
Preferably, the height of the dwarf straw in the step (4) is less than or equal to 75 cm.
Preferably, the precocity in the step (4) is less than or equal to 180 days in the whole growth period.
Preferably, the self-cross stabilization is performed in the step (5) through 2-4 generations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the present invention can breed wheat variety with excellent characteristic fast and has various characteristics superior to available technology.
2. The method for breeding the wheat has high efficiency and simple operation process, and is suitable for breeding the wheat in different regions.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of a new wheat variety, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting two different varieties of wheat for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: disease resistance, medium short stalk, medium precocity, thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance, short stalk, precocity, thousand grain weight not less than 36g and spike grain number not less than 36 grains;
(5) and (5) repeating the method in the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and stabilizing the F8 generation wheat seeds through selfing.
In the present invention, the disease resistance in step (2) is at least one of stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
In the invention, the height of the medium short stalk in the step (2) is less than or equal to 80 cm.
In the invention, the medium precocity in the step (2) is that the full growth period is less than or equal to 200 days.
In the invention, the high disease resistance in the step (4) is stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
In the invention, the short stalk in the step (4) has a plant height of less than or equal to 75 cm.
In the invention, the precocity in the step (4) is that the whole growth period is less than or equal to 180 days.
In the invention, the self-cross stabilization is carried out in the step (5) through 2-4 generations; preferably by 3 generations selfing.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for breeding a new wheat variety comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the Miao wheat 638 and the Sichuan wheat 126 to carry out hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: resisting diseases (at least one of stripe rust, powdery mildew and gibberellic disease), medium short stalk (plant height less than or equal to 80cm), medium precocity (full growth period less than or equal to 200 days), thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
75 single spikes are selected at this time, and the specific table is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance (stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance), short stalk (plant height is less than or equal to 75cm), precocity (full growth period is less than or equal to 180 days), thousand grain weight is more than or equal to 36g, and ear grain number is more than or equal to 36 grains;
the total 26 single spikes are selected at this time, and the specific table is shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
(5) And (5) repeating the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and performing 2 generation selfing stabilization on the F8 generation wheat seeds.
Example 2
A method for breeding a new wheat variety comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting No. 47 Chinese wheat and No. 8 Sichuan spoke for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: resisting diseases (at least one of stripe rust, powdery mildew and gibberellic disease), medium short stalk (plant height less than or equal to 80cm), medium precocity (full growth period less than or equal to 200 days), thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
the total selection of 96 single spikes is specifically shown in table 3;
TABLE 3
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance (stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance), short stalk (plant height is less than or equal to 75cm), precocity (full growth period is less than or equal to 180 days), thousand grain weight is more than or equal to 36g, and ear grain number is more than or equal to 36 grains;
the total 49 single spikes are selected at this time, and the specific table is shown in table 4;
TABLE 4
(5) And (5) repeating the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and performing 4 generation selfing stabilization on the F8 generation wheat seeds.
Example 3
A method for breeding a new wheat variety comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting Sichuan wheat 92 and Sichuan wheat 81 for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: resisting diseases (at least one of stripe rust, powdery mildew and gibberellic disease), medium short stalk (plant height less than or equal to 80cm), medium precocity (full growth period less than or equal to 200 days), thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
selecting 76 single spikes at the time, and concretely referring to table 5;
TABLE 5
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance (stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance), short stalk (plant height is less than or equal to 75cm), precocity (full growth period is less than or equal to 180 days), thousand grain weight is more than or equal to 36g, and ear grain number is more than or equal to 36 grains;
52 individual plants are selected in the whole time, and the specific results are shown in table 6;
TABLE 6
(5) And (5) repeating the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and performing 3 generation selfing stabilization on the F8 generation wheat seeds.
Example 4
The wheat varieties obtained in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to a plot planting test, and the wheat variety xinnong 511 in the prior art was used as a control group. Each test group is provided with 15 ten thousand per mu of basic seedlings, and the planting and management methods are the same except that the planted varieties are different.
During the test, the lines of each test group were examined for agronomic traits and comprehensive disease resistance (see NY/T1301-2007). The results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 investigation results
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Control group | |
| Growth period | 180d | 179d | 176d | 209d |
| Average plant height | 74.8cm | 74.6cm | 72.1cm | 88.6cm |
| Plant type | Compact plant type | Compact plant type | Compact plant type | Plant type is loose |
| Lodging resistance | Good lodging resistance | Good lodging resistance | Good lodging resistance | Poor lodging resistance |
| Average ear number per mu | 31.2 ten thousand | 32.6 ten thousand | 33.4 ten thousand | 29.4 ten thousand |
| Average number of grains per ear | 37.5 granules | 37.2 granules | 39.4 granules | 33.6 granules |
| Average thousand grain weight | 36.1g | 38.6g | 43.8g | 35.2g |
| Protein content | 13.2％ | 12.9％ | 14.2％ | 11.3％ |
| Stripe rust disease | Gao Kang | Resistance to | Gao Kang | Resistance to |
| Powdery mildew | Resistance to | Gao Kang | Gao Kang | Resistance to |
| Head blight of fruit | Gao Kang | Gao Kang | Gao Kang | Feeling in |
As is clear from the contents shown in table 7, the wheat variety obtained by the breeding in example 3 has excellent disease resistance and lodging resistance, compact plant type, and significantly higher average ear per mu and average ear per grain than the control group. Therefore, the method of the invention can rapidly breed the wheat variety with excellent characters.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding a new wheat variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting two different varieties of wheat for hybridization, and harvesting to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;
(2) sowing the F1 generation wheat seeds, selecting single spike of wheat during harvesting, wherein the selected single spike of wheat is the F2 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single ear of the small wheat in the step (2) is as follows: wheat single ears were selected in all plants with at least 2 of the following 5 trait numbers: disease resistance, medium short stalk, medium precocity, thousand grain weight more than or equal to 35g and spike grain number more than or equal to 34 grains;
(3) F2-F5 generations are repeated by the method in the step (2) to obtain F6 generations of wheat seeds;
(4) sowing the F6 generation wheat seeds, selecting single wheat plants, and selecting the single wheat plant seeds as F7 generation wheat seeds;
the selection standard of the single wheat plant in the step (4) is as follows: selecting wheat individuals having at least 3 of the following 5 trait numbers among all individuals: high disease resistance, short stalk, precocity, thousand grain weight not less than 36g and spike grain number not less than 36 grains;
(5) and (5) repeating the method in the step (4) in the F7 generation to obtain F8 generation wheat seeds, and stabilizing the F8 generation wheat seeds through selfing.
2. The method for breeding a new wheat variety according to claim 1, wherein the disease resistance in step (2) is at least one of stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
3. The breeding method of a new wheat variety according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the medium short stalk in step (2) is less than or equal to 80 cm.
4. The method for breeding a new wheat variety according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium precocity of step (2) is 200 days or less in the whole growth period.
5. The method for breeding a new wheat variety according to claim 1, wherein the high disease resistance in step (4) is stripe rust resistance, powdery mildew resistance and gibberellic disease resistance.
6. The breeding method of a new wheat variety according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the dwarf in step (4) has a plant height of less than or equal to 75 cm.
7. The method for breeding a new wheat variety according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the precocity of step (4) is 180 days or less in the whole growth period.
8. The method for breeding a new wheat variety according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) is stabilized by 2-4 generations of selfing.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104351042A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of weak gluten wheat |
| CN106258934A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | The selection of disease-resistant blue seed Semen Tritici aestivi |
| CN107018891A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat |
| WO2021003879A1 (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-14 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Inferior elimination and superior selection breeding method for improving both wheat yield and quality |
| CN113728913A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽华成种业股份有限公司 | Breeding method of wheat variety with resistance to gibberellic disease |
-
2022
- 2022-01-25 CN CN202210087191.4A patent/CN114365688A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104351042A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of weak gluten wheat |
| CN106258934A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | The selection of disease-resistant blue seed Semen Tritici aestivi |
| CN107018891A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-08 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat |
| WO2021003879A1 (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-14 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Inferior elimination and superior selection breeding method for improving both wheat yield and quality |
| CN113728913A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-03 | 安徽华成种业股份有限公司 | Breeding method of wheat variety with resistance to gibberellic disease |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 陈素生等: "冬、春小麦杂种F1及春小麦品系间杂种F1代主要农艺性状的研究", 《种子》 * |
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