CN107018891A - A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat - Google Patents
A kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN107018891A CN107018891A CN201710320401.9A CN201710320401A CN107018891A CN 107018891 A CN107018891 A CN 107018891A CN 201710320401 A CN201710320401 A CN 201710320401A CN 107018891 A CN107018891 A CN 107018891A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
Wheat breeding is at present still based on traditional breeding method, and traditional breeding method has big breeding cycle length, workload, input height, the low shortcoming of success rate of breeding.The invention provides a kind of quick, efficiently, inexpensive method for breeding wheat, comprise the following steps：It is preferred that parent, the excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits；Essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；F1 generation eliminates a small amount of combination；F2 is planted for microcommunity, fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, indoor species test；F2 is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling for seeding method, and production, screening emphasis combination, program request field selection fine individual plant or single fringe are surveyed in drilling；In the F2 generations of excellent combination, retain a variety of different types of individual plants；F3 generations, which survey, produces, simultaneous selection list fringe；In F4 generations, carry out primary variety comparative test screening excellent strain, simultaneous selection list fringe；In F5 generations, participate in the experiment of provincial and/or national areas.F2 ~ F5 can cultivate selection, identification simultaneously and/or alternately with floods and droughts two places, or two or more area carries out strange land and cultivates selection, identification, to investigate new lines adaptability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for breeding wheat, more particularly to a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat,
Belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Wheat is one of three big cereal, is that total output occupies the second cereal crops in the world.Wheat is that China is most important
One of grain ration, Wheat Production is particularly significant to China's grain security, and industry development is directly connected to national food security and society
It is stable.The single rate and total output of wheat are continuously increased, and breed improvement is topmost factor of science and technology.Created by wheat breeding
Newly, more high yields, stable yields, the wheat breed of high-quality are cultivated and produce to national food security and are improved People's livelihood with important meaning
Justice.But at first 20 years of 20th century, transgenic technology was also only in the seed selection and commercialization of wheat breed using upper
Step section.Even cereal crops, main input characteristics such as the maximum corn and soybeans of the early, effect that started to walk in genetically modified crops
(HT and the Bt genes of insect resistace that include herbicide tolerance) technological progress of agricultural chemicals efficiency improvement type is only limitted to, to crop yield
Influence be mainly reflected in reduction insect pest and weeds influence loss, to improve yield effect it is limited.Such as United States Department of Agriculture's data,
The average per unit area yield of the corn of National 2004-2008 years improves 28% than 1991-nineteen ninety-five, and only 3%~4% gives the credit to and turns
Gene Bt characteristics, and 24%~25% still gives the credit to traditional breeding method.
Wheat breeding is at present still based on traditional breeding method, and traditional breeding method has the following disadvantages：1st, breeding cycle is long.One product
The incubation planted, from hybridization is assembled, is selected, at least 7 or eight years, at most more than ten years to promoting to annual plantation offspring later.2、
Workload is big.Traditional breeding method is hybridized, it is necessary to prepare a large amount of combinations, carries out the hybridization of big colony, and filial generation needs plantation
Sufficient amount of plant or strain, are compared screening.And the cycle of breeding is long, the workload in each stage is than larger.
3rd, put into huge.Hybridization pollination based on artificial, is wasted time and energy at present, and filial generation needs field or chamber planting, it is necessary to big
Soil, the agricultural facility of amount.4th, success rate of breeding is low.It is bred as a kind to generally require to configure substantial amounts of combination, year after year
Progress select, big colony's large area plants filial generation, but success seed selection is to can be few with the kind of popularization and application.
The content of the invention
Traditional breeding method is most fruitful breeding method in current wheat breeding, but exist cycle length, workload it is big,
Input is big, the low shortcoming of success rate, in order to overcome the shortcoming of existing traditional breeding technology, improves breeding efficiency, and reduction is put into
This, the invention provides a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat.
The purpose of the present invention is to shorten breeding cycle, reduces human and material resources, the financial resources of breeding input, improves breeding efficiency.
Technical scheme is as follows：
The present invention provides a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, comprises the following steps：
（1）It is preferred that parent, the excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits, other parents 8 ~ 12；The Center parent is selected from
(a) new lines being had outstanding performance in area's examination, or（b）The intermediate materials with excellent character that oneself is bred as,（c）That has just authorized is excellent
Good new varieties；
（2）Essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；
（3）F1 generation selects excellent combination according to field character or indoor species test result；
（4）In F2 generations, 200 ~ 600 plants of colony was planted in each combination；Fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, interior are examined
Kind；Seeding method is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling, and production is surveyed in drilling, and screening emphasis combination, program request field selection is excellent
Individual plant or single fringe；In the F2 generations of excellent combination, retain a variety of different types of individual plants；
（5）F3 generation plantations, survey production, the single fringe of selection；
（6）F4 generation plantations, carry out primary variety comparative test screening excellent strain, the single fringe of selection；
（7）In excellent strain F5 generations, participate in the experiment of provincial and/or national areas.
It is preferred that, step（1）Described in the examination of (a) area the new lines had outstanding performance include：984121、954（5）-4、
SN5843, mountain agriculture 2149 or good star 619；
Step（1）Described in（b）The intermediate materials with excellent character oneself being bred as include the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile；
Step（1）Described in（c）It is short by anti-58 that the improved Varieties just authorized include the careful kind of state.
Step（1）Described in the excellent Center parent of character from all kinds of areas try in strain of participating in the experiment, the kind had outstanding performance
Or the middle advanced clones in breeding nursery, new Parents are early selected, combination is early assembled.
It is preferred that, step（2）Described in assemble cross combination using single cross or three hand over Crossing systems.
It is preferred that, step（2）Described in assemble cross combination and hybridized using reciprocal cross.
It is preferred that, step（3）Middle F1 surveys production, competition combination.
It is preferred that, step（4）Middle F2 includes for fine field observation（a）Observation and the good individual plant of mark frost resistance, and/or
（b）Observation and the good individual plant of mark disease resistance,（c）Observation and the precocious individual plant of mark,（d）Meter ruler measurement individual plant is improved, is improved
Meter ruler than normal meter ruler shorten 10 centimetres.
It is preferred that, step（4）Middle different types of 5 ~ 20 individual plants of selection.
It is preferred that, the F2 ~ F5 cultivates selection, identification simultaneously and/or alternately in floods and droughts two places.
It is preferred that, the F2 ~ F5 carries out cultivation selection, identification in two or more area.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1st, breeding cycle is shortened.The method provided according to the present invention, fringe is selected in Ce Chan
Stable character, provincial region experiment, 3-4 more early than conventional method can be just participated in F5 generations.2nd, low input, low cost.It is conventional
Method uses hundreds of parents easily at present, configures hundreds of or even thousands of cross combinations, this method is every year using center parent
This 3 ~ 5, other parents 10 or so assemble cross combination 30 ~ 60, greatly reduce breeding input.It is using traditional
Spectrometry breeding, 2000 ~ 6000 plants of the plantation colony that its F2 generations each combine.This method F2 generations each combination plantation colony 200 ~
600 plants, differ 10 times or so.Progeny population plantation is small, also saves breeding cost.3rd, efficiency high, the success rate of improved variety
Greatly improve, work hybridized since 2005, wheat breeding is carried out using this method, 7 new variety of wheat and 10 have been bred as
Multiple new strain of wheat participated in the experiment.
The technical essential for the method for breeding wheat that the present invention is provided can be summarized as four words：It is i.e. " smart（It is excellent）, it is small, many, early ",
Or four word method of breedings.
One is essence（It is excellent）：Refer to preferred parent, essence with combination.
It is preferred that parent：Refer to selected parent it is fewer but better, it is excellent in select excellent, character is able to stand all tests and coordinate force is good.
The quantity that this method is elected to be Center parent every year is 3 ~ 5, and non-central parent can be slightly more, general 10 or so.Choosing
Making the material of Center parent generally has three classes：One is the new lines being had outstanding performance during area is tried；Two oneself are bred as with some
The intermediate materials of excellent character；Three be some improved Varieties just authorized.Such as female parent of No. 28 kinds of mountain agriculture is 984121
（The former numbering of Jimai 22）, participated in the experiment strain for the examination of wheat high fertile area of Shandong Province when the kind is used as parent, its yielding ability and disease-resistant
Property etc. all show very protrude.Male parent 6125 is the excellent intermediate materials of self-fertile, its prematureness, falls Huang etc. and shows very
It is good.By to the examining of above-mentioned Parent, further investigate after just pick out as parent's.The kinds such as mountain agriculture 32
Parental apolegamy is also such.
Now started hybridization with 2005 and assemble combination to count, 7 be bred as over 12 years new variety of wheat（Mountain agriculture 27,28
Number, No. 31, No. 32 and the common people No. 6, No. 7, No. 8）Brief analysis is as follows exemplified by parent's (regardless of Parent) used：
（1）One of parent of 7 kinds, is 5 new lines being had outstanding performance during area is tried.
5 new lines are respectively：984121（Primary number of Jimai 22）、954（5）-4（Blue or green wheat No. 1 primary number）、SN5843
（Primary number of mountain agriculture 22）, mountain agriculture 2149（Primary number of mountain agriculture 17）, good star 619（Good primary number of star 77）.Above-mentioned 5 parents were equal later
Examined by saving careful or state.
（2）One of parent of 4 kinds, is all from the intermediate materials of 1 self-fertile.
One of parent that mountain agriculture is No. 27, No. 28, No. 31 and No. 32, is the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile.
（3）One of parent of a kind is that state examines kind.
One of parent that the common people is No. 7 is that the careful kind of state is short by anti-58.
Example more than illustrates that one will as early as possible find and enable excellent new lines to make parent；Two to provide quality goods or brilliant certainly it is different
Germplasms, that is to say, that using oneself initiative excellent germplasm materials be parent；Three be that province examines, state examines wheat
The materials such as new varieties are also a kind of important parent management.
Essence is with combination：Essence refers on the basis of preferred parent with combination, for the characteristic trait and needs of Center parent
The character of transformation, filters out another suitable parent, and the complementary principle of the basic principle assembled according to hybridization, particularly character
Carry out hybridization and assemble combination.So-called essence, which is matched somebody with somebody, is meant that the combination assembled should not be more, it is important to which whether parental apolegamy is appropriate, such as
Fruit parent select must well, assembles and is appropriately possible to improved variety, if Juvenile stage and combination unreasonable allocation, not proper
When selection is also impossible to improved variety for many years meticulously in hybrid generation, so can parental apolegamy improved variety
Unusual the key link.This well-designed, method that precisely assembles, with the tactics of human sea method used at present both at home and abroad, that is, is moved
Hundreds of parents are used, the way of hundreds of or even thousands of cross combinations of configuration is very different.In the annual use of this method
Heart parent 3 ~ 5, other parents 10 or so, assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60.
It is general to use if the advantage and disadvantage of parents are complementary and meet the requirement of overall breeding objective on Crossing system more
Single cross mode.It is nearly all to use such a hybridization that I, which presides over more than 10 new variety of wheat being bred as and the new lines participated in the experiment,
Mode.Certainly, if the advantage and disadvantage complementarity of parents fails to meet the requirement of overall breeding objective, the sides such as three friendships can also be used
Formula.
For some especially excellent parents, Its Reciprocal Hybrids are all done has different harvests sometimes.Such as mountain agriculture 28
It is Jimai 22/6125, is Orthogonal Composite, and mountain agriculture 27 is then 6125/ Jimai 22, is reciprocal cross combination, the former is high rich water product
Kind, the latter is nonirrigated farmland kind.
Essence is built upon the method used after observation meticulous to parent, further investigation with combination, if the understanding to parent
Not enough, the combination so assembled not there may exist some defects to deep, familiarity, therefore also F-1 hybrids be carried out carefully
Observation, identification, so as to which a small number of combinations for not meeting breeding objective requirement are eliminated, choose excellent combination.Or to such
Combination is transformed.
Though quantity of the essence with combination is few, emphasis is more protruded, and is conducive to researcher to concentrate one's energy in minority combination
Observational study is goed deep into progress, is only possible to accomplish " working with great care ", it is easier to produce result.
The core of this main points, one is that the parent preferably gone out is used.Two be the appropriate combination of configuration, that is to say, that is matched somebody with somebody
Put and easily go out material, go out the combination of kind.Three be that the number of combinations assembled is fewer but better rather than many and miscellaneous.This method is different from
Traditional multiselect parent, the way for doing combination extensive cultivation more.By contrast, this side owned by France in intensive cultivation, accurate breeding
Method.
Two be small:Refer to that the plantation colony in F2 generations is small, breeding work amount is small.
Edited according to Cai Xu《Plant genetics and breeding》Introduce, granule cereal crop（Wheat, paddy rice）Using traditional
Pedigree method breeding, 2000 ~ 6000 plants of the plantation colony that its F2 generations each combine.This method F2 generations each combination plantation colony 200 ~
600 plants, 10 times or so are differed, is microcommunity method of breeding.Though the colony in this method F2 generations is small, site preparation, fertilising, sowing and management
Deng requirement tighter, more specification, the observation, record and indoor species test to field individual plant are more careful.For example select frost resistance good from F2 generations
Individual plant, except generally to record some combination frost resistance in addition to, the individual plant that this method will also be good to frost resistance（Blade is not endured cold
Evil is extremely light）Separate marking, applies red paint such as on the good single-strain blade of frost resistance or waddy mark is inserted on side（In frost resistance table
Now most significantly get over before Winter Solstice period of seedling establishment）, it is a very important selection standard that side, which whether there is waddy, during harvest individual plant, there is wood
The expression frost resistance of rod is good；If selecting disease-resistant good individual plant, in addition to general disease resistance is recorded, the good individual plant of disease resistance then will
Listing mark.The precocious individual plant of same choosing is also listing mark.The and for example selection of short bar individual plant, the strain of general breeding nursery individual plant
Height is shorter than the kind of field planting more than 10 centimetres.For example the plant height of improved variety is 75 centimetres, then in F2 in selective nursery
65 centimetres or less of individual plant of selection, because plant can become shorter under selective nursery lean conditions, once into field planting
Afterwards, plant height can increase by more than 10 centimetres.For this, we are also improved for measuring the meter ruler of plant height, are shortened than normal meter ruler
10 centimetres, i.e. 10 centimeters are 0 centimetre, and 70 centimetres of reality of plant height are 60 centimetres.
Because the plantation colony in F2 generations is small, so whole breeding work amounts have also been smaller.
This main points is：Different from big group breeding, this microcommunity method of breeding owned by France, F2 generation plantations colony is small, but plantation
More specification, observation record are more careful, and workload is small.
Three be many:Referring to F2, individual plant type is more for selecting and remain, and the type of improved variety is enriched.
F2 generations are the generations that hybrid separation is maximum, separation type is most, are also the generation for selecting fine individual plant most critical.Institute
To want multiselect type in F2 generations, different types of elite seedling is disaggregatedly remained, thus may be same
Different types of excellent strain is selected in combination, so that the new varieties of heterogeneous are bred as, to avoid other kinds of major clique from washing in a pan
Eliminate.
For example from 6125/ Jimai 22 combination we select long awns, multi-spike-type, middle high bar type individual plant, be bred as drought
Fertile ground wheat breed mountain agriculture 27.Simultaneous selection tip awn, in big fringe, in short bar type individual plant, then be bred as high rich water wheat
Kind mountain agriculture 31.The type that combination F2 generations select and remain individual plant is more, and 18 individual plants, have been bred as 2 kinds altogether.To separation phase
The Jimai 22/6125 less to smaller, type is combined, and F2 generations have only selected and remain 6 individual plants, have been bred as kind of mountain agriculture No. 28.
This main points is：To the combination more than the big, type of separation, the different types of individual plant of multiselect is answered, is not restricted to one pattern and stays excellent material.One
As separate larger F2 generations combination, 15-20 individual plant is selected and remain in each combination, and 10 individual plant left sides are selected and remain in the relatively small combination of separation
It is right.This method each combined with the typical pedigree method second generation of hybrid select and remain dozens of even hundreds of individual plants compare, the quantity of roguing
And it is few, but the type selected and remain is more, and the probability for being bred as different rice varieties is big.
Four be early:Four can be summarized as early.Early match, early survey production, early upgrade, early participate in the experiment.
Early apolegamy is early to select parent, earlier mating combination, and strain of participating in the experiment, the product having outstanding performance are found in for example being tried in all kinds of areas
Middle advanced clones in kind or breeding nursery, it is optional as parent, and combination is assembled as early as possible.As mountain agriculture 27, No. 28, No. 31,
No. 32, the common people No. 6, No. 7, No. 8 and mountain agriculture 8355, No. 14,10 kinds such as No. 15, one of its Parent are in the examination of provincial area
In the new lines had outstanding performance, or the material such as excellent kind makees parent's.
Early survey production is F2, F3 generation to begin to survey production.Usually the F2 seeds combined for emphasis are divided into two, a part
Strip sowing planting is mainly used in surveying production, and a part of program request plantation is then used for roguing.Result according to production is surveyed carries out comprehensive to F2 generation combinations
Close and evaluate, choose emphasis combination, then emphasis is treated.To F3 for strain survey production be determine the strain going or staying it is important according to
According to difference is not notable compared with the control for strain yield by F3, generally just eliminates, and the effect for continuing selection is not also obvious, early to eliminate
The workload in later stage can be mitigated.Sometimes the part combination to F1 generation also carries out survey production, mainly competition combination.To F1, F2 and
The combination in F3 generations or strain early survey production, are also the unique distinction of this method.
Early upgrading can be promoted more than one grade at a time to showing especially excellent strain, and the strain in such as F3 generations, which can bypass the immediate leadership, rises up into primary product ratio
Test garden；Such as No. 28 kinds of mountain agriculture, F3 withholds the variety comparative test garden progress yield test and appraisal that the seed obtained is put into next year, although F3
The character in generation is also unstable, irregular, but the yield between different strains can separate height.While production is surveyed, it is necessary to right
Elected strain carries out selecting fringe to reserve seed for planting, and continues to isolate and purify, breeding seed., just can be than going out in F5 generations by the variety comparative test of 2 years
Yield height, major clique is scalable to provincial region experiment.
Early participate in the experiment to showing especially excellent strain due to just having carried out variety comparative test, yield test and appraisal, institute in F3, F4 generation
It is can apply participating in provincial experiment in F5, i.e., early to participate in the experiment.The kind such as mountain agriculture 28, the common people No. 7, No. 8 is in F5 just Shens
It please participate in province's regional testing.If at least taking 3 ~ 4 years evenings according to conventional way, and the strain of like combinations seed selection was in 3 ~ 4 years
Experiment is just participated in afterwards, it is competed can be fiercer, or even be just eliminated in midway of participating in the experiment.
This main points is：Parent, earlier mating combination are early selected, production, early upgrading is early surveyed, early participates in the experiment, breeding process can not only be shortened, it is early
Go out kind, go out kind soon, and early survey production just can early eliminate combination, strain and the strain of performance difference, mitigation work of early casting off a burden
Amount, the input used manpower and material resources sparingly with fund of scientific research is achieved many things at one stroke.
It is attached：Other improved methods
1. change --- changing F2 generations should not be in different season（Greenhouse）Under the conditions of plus generation traditional method；
2. change --- change F2 for the method that simple grain program request method is program request and drilling plantation simultaneously;
3. change --- reelect strain to select fringe, i.e., fringe is selected since F3 up to being bred as new lines；
4. change --- with changing into water or the seed choosing method cultivated of nonirrigated farmland is that selection is either simultaneously or alternately cultivated in floods and droughts two places, is identified
Method；
5. change --- change into a ground and cultivate the method for being accredited as and cultivating identification more.
Wheat breeding is carried out using this method, Juvenile stage and hybridization is done since 2005, has been bred as 7 wheats new
Kind and more than 10 new strain of wheat participated in the experiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat.
Embodiment
Further detailed description is done to the present invention with reference to embodiment：
The Breeding Process and method of example No. 28 new variety of wheat of 1. mountain agriculture
It is maternal in May, 2005 with 984121 (primary number of Jimais 22) that mountain agriculture 28, which is, and the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile are male parent
Carry out sexual hybridization and assemble combination, and selection is cultivated hybrid generation using the inventive method for years, production identification is surveyed, in
It is bred as within 2010, is authorized by Shandong Province within 2015.Specific Breeding Process is as described below.
（1）In May, 2005, seminar is female parent with 984121, and the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile assemble group for paternal hybrid
Close, obtain hybrid seed.The combination belongs to preferred parent, essence with the early apolegamy combination of combination, excellent strain.
984121 try new lines of participating in the experiment when being elected to be parent as provinces and regions, have outstanding performance, the 6125 of self-fertile has outstanding performance,
Coordinate force is good.Elect as then the germ plasm resource of Center parent totally 5, i.e. Linmai No.2,984121,9411, self-fertile 6125, it is safe
Mountain 008.Cross combination 56 is assembled altogether.The parent of selection and cross combination are far less than conventional traditional breeding method.Conventional biography
System breeding is general when assembling cross combination to make great efforts to do cross combination more, to measure victory, the basis of selection after expanding.
（2）In 2005-2006 years, October in the same year the hybrid seed of the combination is subjected to autumn sowing, harvests F1 generation seed.
F1 generation is good and bad according to field trait expression, and F1 generation combination field eliminates 3 during current year wheat harvest, and mortality is relatively low,
About 1/15th.According to data introduction, foreign countries assemble that cross combination is thousands of, and mortality accounts for 1/3rd or so.Selected group
Credit union reduces mortality, and F1 generation is eliminated, and can reduce F2 workload.
（3）2006-2007 years, the sub- program request of hybrid that the combination is harvested, 565 plants of colony of F2 generation plantations selects through field
Strain and indoor species test, it is middle to select F2 for 6 plants of fine individual plant.
The planting patterns in F2 generations is：A part of seed of the combination is subjected to drilling with compareing, 2 rows of general each plantation, purpose
It is to carry out yield test and appraisal, selects excellent combination；Another part seed is easy to roguing by the way of program request.In combination F2 generations, are single
Strain separation type is few, therefore roguing is less, totally 6 plants.
（4）2007-2008 year, by the seed of selected in last year 6 fine individual plants with control Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall it is adjacent plant, often
Individual individual plant（Containing control）Plant 2 rows, carry out strain and survey production identification, after indoor species test in select F3 for elite plant strain 1（Numbering is
073295-96）, menu fringe 10 continues to isolate and purify.
In 6 individual plants that F2 is selected in generation, the strain that numbering is 073295-96（Now the offspring of individual plant claims strain）Survey production knot
Fruit protrudes than control volume increase, is cited as emphasis strain.10 single fringes are first picked during harvest from the strain, then remaining are planted
Son is mixed to have kind in one's care, and primary variety comparative test kind is risen up into for bypassing the immediate leadership next year.Further, since the drilling since F3 generations, planting density connects
Nearly production is not easy to roguing, therefore is just changed into selecting fringe from roguing from F3 generations.
（5）2008-2009 years, F4 generations participation primary product of bypassing the immediate leadership performance especially excellent 073295-96 strains is had a competition
Test, carry out the survey production identification of larger area.At the same time fringe system mirror is carried out to 10 selected from 073295-96 strains single fringes
Determine and isolate and purify, and therefrom filter out Super-high-yielding major clique 084300.
Traditional pedigree method, typically when F5 or F6 is relatively stable and neat for character, just selects major clique to carry out ore grade indexes
And variety comparative test.The present invention is improved to typical pedigree method, and this method focuses on early stage survey production, because yield traits exists
Early generation and the correlation in high generation are very close, F3 for high yield strain to F5 or F6 for general high yield, early stage side survey production
While isolating and purifying, the breeding time limit can be shortened, the popularization and application in production of improved variety ahead of time.
（6）In 2009-2010 years, variety comparative test is participated in the seed upgrading of 084300 strain, and remaining seed is dilute
Thin breeding seed, in case participating on probation kind of provinces and regions.Result of the test shows that not only yield is high for 084300 strain, than control Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall
Increase yield significantly, and Comprehensive Traits are good, disease-resistant, anti-fall, mid-early maturity, fall Huang Xinghao, therefore provinces and regions examination preparation examination is participated in application ahead of time
Test.
Mountain agriculture 28 belongs to early and selects parent, earlier mating combination, early survey production, early upgrading, the early breeding example participated in the experiment.The product
Kind proceed by strain from F3 generations and survey production, F4 generations and rise up into primary variety comparative test, F5 generations and rise up into variety comparative test, F5 generations just complete three
In the yield test and appraisal in year, F6 generations, participate in provincial area's examination pilot study ahead of time.And traditional pedigree method has now just proceeded by yield survey
Comment, this method shortens breeding process 2 ~ 3 years.
（7）In 2010-2011 years, be SH4300 by 084300 numbering, declares participation Shandong Province's wheat high fertile group preparation examination
Test.Result of the test SH4300 ranks Shandong Province's wheat high fertile B groups pilot study the 1st.
（8）2011-2012 years, the strain rises up into the examination of wheat high fertile group area of Shandong Province, Result of the plot trial folding per mu yield 580.71
Kg, than control Jimai 22 volume increase 5.30%, occupies the 1st.
（9）2012-2013 years, Second Year Result of the plot trial rolls over the kg of per mu yield 574.72, increases production than control Jimai 22
6.99%, occupy the 1st.
（10）2013-2014 years, SH4300 rises up into Shandong Province's wheat high fertile group pilot production, the kg of per mu yield 618.45,
Than control Jimai 22 volume increase 6.45%, the 1st is occupied.Authorized by Shandong Province.
（11）2014-2016, is recommended and participates in the national area's examination of the northern piece of the Yellow River and Huai He River, pass through country's authorization.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat, comprises the following steps：
（1）It is preferred that parent, the excellent Center parent 3 ~ 5 of selection traits, other parents 8 ~ 12；The Center parent is selected from
(a) new lines being had outstanding performance in area's examination, or（b）The intermediate materials with excellent character that oneself is bred as,（c）That has just authorized is excellent
Good new varieties；
（2）Essence assembles cross combination 30 ~ 60 with combination；
（3）F1 generation selects excellent combination according to field character or indoor species test result；
（4）In F2 generations, 200 ~ 600 plants of colony was planted in each combination；Fine site preparation, sowing, field management, field observation, interior are examined
Kind；Seeding method is divided into two kinds of seeding methods of program request and drilling, and production is surveyed in drilling, and screening emphasis combination, program request field selection is excellent
Individual plant or single fringe；In the F2 generations of excellent combination, retain a variety of different types of individual plants；
（5）F3 generation plantations, survey production, the single fringe of selection；
（6）F4 generation plantations, carry out primary variety comparative test screening excellent strain, the single fringe of selection；
（7）In excellent strain F5 generations, participate in the experiment of provincial and/or national areas.
2. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Step（1）Described in the examination of (a) area the new lines had outstanding performance include：984121、954（5）- 4, SN5843, mountain agriculture
2149 or good stars 619；
Step（1）Described in（b）The intermediate materials with excellent character oneself being bred as include the intermediate materials 6125 of self-fertile；
Step（1）Described in（c）It is short by anti-58 that the improved Varieties just authorized include the careful kind of state.
3. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）
Described in the excellent Center parent of character from all kinds of areas try in middle height in strain of participating in the experiment, kind or the breeding nursery had outstanding performance
For material, new Parents are early selected, combination is early assembled.
4. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（2）
Described in assemble cross combination using single cross or three hand over Crossing systems.
5. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（2）
Described in assemble cross combination and hybridized using reciprocal cross.
6. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（3）
Middle F1 surveys production, competition combination.
7. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（4）
Middle F2 includes for fine field observation（a）Observation and the good individual plant of mark frost resistance, and/or（b）Observation and mark disease resistance are good
Individual plant,（c）Observation and the precocious individual plant of mark,（d）Meter ruler measurement individual plant is improved, improved meter ruler shortens 10 than normal meter ruler
Centimetre.
8. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（4）
Middle different types of 5 ~ 20 individual plants of selection.
9. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterised in that：The F2
~ F5 cultivates selection, identification simultaneously and/or alternately in floods and droughts two places.
10. a kind of rapidly and efficiently inexpensive method for breeding wheat according to claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterised in that：It is described
F2 ~ F5 carries out cultivation selection, identification in two or more area.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108849484A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-23 | 山东农业大学 | One kind using combine-head progeny row is the wheat breeding selection method of unit |
| CN110100719A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of soybean stress tolerance pyramiding breeding |
| CN110810239A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-21 | 周口市农业科学院 | Breeding method for high-yield and stable-yield progeny of wheat |
| CN114365688A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-19 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method for new wheat variety |
| CN114916390A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-19 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Breeding method for improving wheat seedling stage adaptability |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108849484A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-23 | 山东农业大学 | One kind using combine-head progeny row is the wheat breeding selection method of unit |
| CN108849484B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-06-30 | 山东农业大学 | Wheat breeding selection method taking combination-ear row as unit |
| CN110100719A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method of soybean stress tolerance pyramiding breeding |
| CN110810239A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-21 | 周口市农业科学院 | Breeding method for high-yield and stable-yield progeny of wheat |
| CN114365688A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-19 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding method for new wheat variety |
| CN114916390A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-19 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Breeding method for improving wheat seedling stage adaptability |
| CN114916390B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2024-03-08 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | Breeding method for improving adaptability of wheat in seedling stage |
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