CN114916390A - Breeding method for improving wheat seedling stage adaptability - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving wheat seedling stage adaptability Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of crop breeding, in particular to a breeding method for improving the adaptability of wheat in a seedling stage, which comprises the following steps: combining a plurality of hybrid combinations by taking short-stalk wheat as a parent; planting each hybrid combination F under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation 2 ‑F 5 Generation materials, wherein seedling detection and seedling supplement are carried out from seedling emergence to overwintering stage in each generation; at F 2 ‑F 3 Carrying out adaptive combination selection in the seedling stage; at F 4 Selecting adaptive single plants in the seedling stage and marking the selected single plants in the seedling stage, selecting stress-resistant high-yield single plants in the grouting maturation stage, and harvesting seeds of each selected single plant; f 5 Planting seeds of selected single plants in the previous generation, planting seeds of each selected single plant into a plant line, firstly carrying out adaptive plant line selection in the seedling stage, then carrying out stress-resistant high-yield plant line selection on the selected plant lines in the grouting maturation stage, and breeding the plant lines. The invention can produce crude oil in fieldThe population character selection in the seedling stage under the condition of placing improves the universality of the bred variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop breeding, in particular to a breeding method for improving the adaptability of wheat in a seedling stage.
Background
With the popularization of large-scale agricultural machinery, the current wheat production and cultivation mode is changed from the fine cultivation tradition of stubble ploughing and field cleaning, deep cultivation and fine harrowing and soil moisture forming and sowing into the extensive cultivation and planting habit of straw returning, rotary cultivation and soil preparation and soil moisture digging and sowing. Therefore, how to improve the wide adaptability of the seedling stage of wheat and cultivate a new eurytopic wheat variety meeting the production requirements becomes one of the main aspects of wheat breeding in recent years.
At present, the planting conditions of wheat filial generation are still the traditional fine-tillage and fine-cropping, and have certain difference with the field production conditions. The fine test conditions often cause the problems of poor goodness fit between the selected agronomic characters and the agronomic characters required by production and poor production adaptability of bred varieties. But the extensive test conditions have the problems of poor test accuracy and low breeding success rate caused by seedling shortage and ridge breaking. Therefore, how to plant filial generation under field production conditions, reduce test environment errors and accurately evaluate the progeny material becomes the key to the success of wheat adaptive breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
How to improve the conventional wheat hybridization progeny planting and selecting method and improve the selection accuracy of the agronomic characters of the progeny materials and the production adaptability of the bred varieties is the technical problem to be solved by the invention.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a breeding method for improving the adaptability of wheat in the seedling stage, which comprises the following steps: combining a plurality of hybrid combinations by taking short-stalk wheat as a parent; planting each hybrid combination F under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation 2 -F 5 Generation materials, wherein seedling detection and seedling supplement are carried out in the stage from seedling emergence to overwintering in each generation; at F 2 -F 3 Carrying out adaptive combination selection at the seedling stage; at F 4 Selecting adaptive single plants in seedling stage and marking the selected single plants in seedling stage, and performing stress resistance and high yield on the marked single plants in grouting maturity stageSelecting, and harvesting seeds of each selected individual plant; f 5 Planting seeds of selected single plants in the previous generation, planting seeds of each selected single plant into a plant line, firstly carrying out adaptive plant line selection in the seedling stage and marking the selected plant lines in the seedling stage, and then carrying out stress-resistant high-yield plant line selection on the selected plant lines in the grouting and maturation stage to obtain the candidate cultivated variety.
In the above method, the combination is planted with 2000 plants (inclusive) per generation.
In the method, more than 300 plants (including) are planted in each line of the line.
In the method, under the conditions of returning straws to fields and carrying out rotary tillage soil preparation, in order to select the land blocks in which the previous corn can be ripened in the last ten days of September and the straws can be crushed and returned to fields, soil moisture and deep ploughing are not caused to occur before sowing, only rotary tillage soil preparation is carried out, and sowing is carried out from the bottom of September to the first of October.
In the above process, said F 2 -F 5 Replacing materials, performing soil moisture treatment and early sowing.
In the method, the seedling searching and seedling supplementing are realized by supplementing and planting high-stalk wheat at the seedling-lacking ridge-breaking positions in two time periods of wheat seedling emergence and overwintering. Particularly, after wheat seedlings emerge, high-stalk wheat is replanted at the positions of seedling shortage and ridge breaking, and after overwintering, high-stalk wheat is replanted at the positions of seedling shortage and ridge breaking caused by drought, freezing damage and insect pest dead seedlings. Two replenishes (plants) provide relatively consistent test conditions to reduce test errors.
The high-stalk wheat is wheat with a plant height of more than 100cm (inclusive), and the variety used in one embodiment of the invention is mountain wheat.
In the method, the adaptive combination in the seedling stage is selected from the combinations of fast seedling emergence, high seedling emergence rate, large number of tillers before winter, few yellow flowers and small number of frozen dead seedlings in overwintering.
The selection of the adaptive combination in seedling stage is that the combination of emergence of seedlings in 6-7 days, the rate of emergence more than 90%, the total stem number before winter more than 14000/2000 strains, the yellow flower seedlings less than 20/2000 strains and the frozen and dead seedlings after wintering are less than 10/2000 strains is selected.
In the method, the single plant with seedling stage adaptability is selected to be a single plant with the characteristics of quick seedling emergence, more tillering, cold resistance and drought resistance.
The adaptive single plant in the seedling stage is selected from single plants which emerge in 7 days, have over 10 tillers before winter, are cold-resistant, have no yellowing leaves and are drought-resistant.
The cold resistance is 1-2 grade of cold resistance.
In the method, the single plant with stress resistance and high yield is selected from single plants with disease resistance, lodging resistance, medium plant height, more formed spikes and large spikes.
The stress-resistant high-yield single plant is selected from a single plant which is disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, has a plant height of 68-70cm, has 14-15 spikes and has a spike length of 12-13 cm.
The disease resistance is within grade 2 of powdery mildew (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2), the stripe rust is within grade 2 (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2), and the leaf rust is within grade 2 (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2).
The lodging resistance is lodging resistance level 1.
In the method, the seedling-stage adaptive strain is selected from strains with fast emergence, high emergence rate, large number of tillers before winter, few yellow flowers and small number of frozen dead seedlings during overwintering.
The selection of adaptive strains in the seedling stage is that strains are selected for emergence of seedlings in 6-7 days, the rate of emergence is more than 90%, the total stem number before overwintering is more than 3000/300, less than 3/300 of seedlings of daylily and 0/300 of frozen dead seedlings.
In the method, the stress-resistant high-yield strain is selected from the strains with disease resistance, lodging resistance, medium plant height, more formed spikes and large spikes.
The stress-resistant high-yield strain is selected from strains with disease resistance, lodging resistance, plant height of 68-70cm, spike number more than 4200 per 300 strains and spike length of 12-13 cm.
The disease resistance is within grade 2 of powdery mildew (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2), the stripe rust is within grade 2 (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2), and the leaf rust is within grade 2 (namely, both grade 1 and grade 2).
The lodging resistance is lodging resistance level 1.
The method also comprises F 1 Is planted in a field with fine soil preparation.
The fine soil preparation comprises the steps of soil moisture building before sowing, deep ploughing and plowing, rotary tillage, leveling and treading.
In the above method, the breeding method further comprises performing a variety ratio test on the candidate variety to determine a new variety to be bred.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the traditional wheat filial generation is still the planting condition of fine-tillage and fine-cropping, and has a great difference with the current field production condition. The agricultural character selected under the fine test condition has poor goodness of fit with the agricultural character required by production, and can not adapt to the production requirement. The invention provides a method for breeding filial generation under the condition of simulating field production extensive planting, the test condition is highly consistent with the production condition, and the error of the test environment is reduced when the seedlings are deficient, the ridges are broken, and the high-stalk wheat is replanted, so that the accuracy of the agronomic character selection meeting the production requirement is greatly improved.
2. In the traditional method for selecting wheat filial generations, population agronomic character selection is not generally carried out in the seedling stage, and only one-time selection is carried out in the late growth stage of wheat, so that the one-time selection often causes that superior plants selected in the current year are changed into inferior plants to be eliminated when the superior plants suffer from drought and freezing damage in the seedling stage in the next year, and the success rate of continuous selection of the superior plants and the generations is reduced. According to the invention, a series of group character indexes such as seedling stage, emergence rate, tillering number, yellow flower seedling number, dead seedling number and the like are selected in the seedling stage of wheat hybridization in F2-F5 generation, so that the seedling stage adaptability of the bred variety is improved, and the problems of drought yellow seedling, frozen dead seedling, seedling shortage and ridge breaking and the like caused by extensive production conditions such as straw returning to field, rotary tillage soil preparation, soil moisture robbing and sowing can be better solved. Second at F 4 -F 5 In generation, the adaptability selection is firstly carried out in the seedling stage, and then the selection of the later-stage yield and the agronomic characters is carried out on the basis of the seedling stage selection, so that the generation effective selection and the whole-process optimized selection of excellent agronomic characters of the progeny materials are realized. The success rate of breeding of the wide variety is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The test methods in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional methods, according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, the wheat varieties Handan 09-4108, shannong 2149, Handan 6172, Gao you 2018 and Kenong 199 are all known varieties, wherein Handan 09-4108 are shown in the wheat variety district test and display test scheme in the 2019-2020 annual country; shannon 2149 (shannon 17), examined and approved by the country in 2009, examined and approved by national institute wheat 2009015; handan 6172, examined and approved in 2003 by national institute, number national audit wheat 2003013; ligusticum you 2018, examined and approved in the north and river provinces in 2008, and examined and approved the serial number Ji examine the wheat 2008007 number; the Kenong 199, 2006, examined in the country, examined number Country 2006017.
In the following embodiments, the method for identifying the cold resistance level refers to the technical specification wheat for the regional test of NY/T1301-2007 crop varieties, and according to the freezing injury of the overground part, the winter wheat is recorded in two stages of overwintering and spring, the spring wheat is recorded in two stages of early stage and later stage, five stages are equally divided, and the specific division standard is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Cold resistance rating Scale
| Grade of cold resistance | Division standard |
| 1 | No freezing damage |
| 2 | Yellowing of frozen leaf apex |
| 3 | Half frozen dead leaf |
| 4 | Leaf withered |
| 5 | Freezing the plant or most tillers |
In the following examples, the identification method of the powdery mildew grade refers to technical specification wheat of regional test of NY/T1301-2007 crop varieties, and the specific disease grade division standard is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 powdery mildew Scale criteria
| Grade of disease | Division standard |
| 1 | The leaf has no visible symptom |
| 2 | Onset of basal lamina disease |
| 3 | The disease macula spreads to the middle leaf |
| 4 | The disease spots spread to the sword-like leaves |
| 5 | Diseased tendrilExtend to the ear and the awn |
In the following examples, the grade of stripe rust and leaf rust is identified by referring to wheat, technical specification of regional test of NY/T1301 and 2007 crop varieties, and the grading standard of stripe rust and leaf rust is shown in the grading standard of rust in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Rust Scale division Standard
In the following examples, the evaluation method of lodging resistance grade refers to technical specification wheat of regional test of NY/T1301-2007 crop varieties, and the specific disease classification standard is shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 lodging resistant rating scale
| Rank of | Division criteria |
| 1 | Not falling down |
| 2 | Slight lodging, plant inclination angle less than or equal to 30 ° |
| 3 | Medium lodging, inclination angle 30-45 degree (including 45 degree) |
| 4 | Relatively heavy lodging and an inclination angle of 45-60 degrees (including 60 degrees) |
| 5 | Serious lodging and inclination angle of more than 60 degrees |
Example 1
Beginning in 2009, in Handan Handan mountain area, Nanbao Xiangzhougu-Aphan-village Handan, the method of the present invention was used for breeding for one time, and the specific steps were as follows:
1. preparing a hybridization combination: in 5 months in 2009, dwarf wheat Handan 09-4108 is taken as a female parent, dwarf wheat shannong 2149, Handan 6172, ligusticum wallichii 2018 and Kenong 199 are respectively taken as male parents for hybridization, and 4 combinations are configured:
using Handan 09-4108 as female parent and shannong 2149 as male parent, and making hybridization to obtain F 1 Generation seed, combination No. 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/shannong 2149.
Using Handan 09-4108 as female parent and Handan 6172 as male parent to hybridize, preparing to obtain F 1 Generation seed, combination No. 2009(174) Handan 09-4108/Handan 6172.
Using Handan 09-4108 as female parent and using ligusticum wonderful 2018 as male parent to make hybridization to obtain F 1 Generation seed, combination number 2009(175) Handan 09-4108/ligusticum fruit 2018.
Hybridizing Handan 09-4108 as female parent and Kenong 199 as male parent to obtain F 1 Generation seed, combination No. 2009(176) (Handan 09) 09-4108/konong 199.
2、F 1 Planting in field with fine soil preparation, and selecting 1-2 ears for threshing when mature.
The combination used in the embodiment is the 2009(173) Handan-4108/shannong 2149, 2009(174) Handan-4108/Handan 6172, 2009(175) Handan-4108/ligusticum 2018, 2009(176) Handan-4108/konong 199 total 4 hybrid combinations, single seed dibbling hybrid seeds are combined, and the hybrid F is formed by planting 1 Instead of the original order of the Chinese characters,since there are fewer hybrid seeds, to ensure the number of seedlings, F 1 Planting in land with fine land preparation, selecting 1-2 ears for threshing when mature, and harvesting at least 50 ears and 2000 seeds for each combination, i.e. each combination F 1 And (4) harvesting seeds.
The fields for finely preparing the land are as follows: soil moisture is formed before sowing, and the soil moisture content is sufficient; deeply ploughing and plowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, and the rotary ploughing rake is flat, bumpy and bumpy, and has a virtual upper part and a real lower part.
3. Planting each hybrid combination F under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation 2 -F 5 Generation materials, wherein seedling detection and seedling supplement are carried out in the stage from seedling emergence to overwintering in each generation; at F 2 -F 3 Carrying out adaptive combination selection in the seedling stage; at F 4 Selecting adaptive single plants in the seedling stage and marking the selected single plants in the seedling stage, selecting stress-resistant high-yield single plants in the grouting maturation stage, and harvesting seeds of each selected single plant; f 5 Planting seeds of selected single plants in the previous generation, planting seeds of each selected single plant into a plant line, firstly carrying out adaptive plant line selection in the seedling stage, and then carrying out stress-resistant high-yield plant line selection on the selected plant lines in the grouting maturation stage to obtain candidate cultivated varieties.
Under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation, the method specifically comprises the following steps: in order to select the land parcels with the previous corn stubble capable of ploughing stubbles and smashing straws to return to the field in late September (28 days in 9 months in the embodiment), the land parcels with certain bottom soil moisture condition are not feathered before sowing, soil moisture is not caused to flow and deep ploughing is not caused, only rotary tillage is carried out for soil preparation, and sowing is carried out from the bottom of September to the beginning of October (1 day in 10 months in the embodiment).
Said planting hybrid F 2 -F 5 Replacing materials, performing soil moisture digging and early sowing.
The seedling checking and supplementing refers to supplementing high-stalk wheat at the positions of seedling lacking and ridge breaking after wheat seedlings emerge, and supplementing high-stalk wheat at the positions of seedling lacking and ridge breaking caused by drought, freezing damage and insect pest dead seedlings after overwintering. Two replenishes (plants) provide relatively consistent test conditions to reduce test errors. The high-stalk wheat is the wheat with the plant height of more than 100cm (inclusive), the variety used in the embodiment is the mountain wheat, and the plant height is 100 cm.
Specific formula F 2 -F 5 The detailed process of generation breeding is as follows:
land selection: the previous corn stubble can be selected to be boiled in about 9 months and 28 days, and the straws are crushed and returned to the field, so that the land parcel has certain soil moisture conditions. Subsequent F 2 -F 5 And (4) planting the filial generation material and the production-calculating test line in the selected land.
Land preparation: the corn is watered with the corn grouting water in 8 months and 25-30 days of the previous corn, the corn is harvested in 9 months and 28 days, and the straws are smashed and returned to the field. No more soil moisture and deep tillage are performed before wheat of each generation is sown, only rotary tillage is performed for soil preparation, and soil moisture is preempted and sowing is performed after 10 months and 1 day.
F 2 Generation: f of four combinations of 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/shannong 2149, 2009(174) Handan 09-4108/Handan 6172, 2009(175) Handan 09-4108/ligusticum 2018, 2009(176) Handan 09-4108/konnong 199 in step 1 in 2010 1 Seeds harvested by generations (planted to yield F) 2 Plant generation) respectively dibbling and planting them on the above-mentioned selected land, every combination dibble-planting 2000 individual plants to form 4F plants 2 And (5) generation groups. And (3) during the stage from seedling emergence to overwintering, replanting and replanting the mountain wheat with high stalks in the absence of seedlings or in broken ridge rows. Performing adaptive combination selection in the seedling stage at the seedling stage, investigating the emergence stage, the emergence rate, the tillering number, the yellow flower seedling number, the number of dead seedlings and the like of each combination, and selecting the combination according to the group indexes that the emergence of seedlings in 6-7 days, the emergence rate is more than 90%, the total stem number before winter is more than 14000/2000 strains, the yellow flower seedlings are less than 20/2000 strains, and the frozen overwintering dead seedlings are less than 10/2000 strains. Through screening comparison, the 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/Shannong 2149 and 2009(174) Handan 09-4108/Handan 6172 are determined to be combined into a combination with good seedling stage adaptability, 1 ear of grain is selected according to each combination, and mixed harvest is carried out to obtain two combined F 2 And (5) harvesting seeds. The combination of 2009(175) Handan 09 (09-4108)/Gao you 2018, 2009(176) Handan 09 (09-4108)/Kongnong 199 during seedling stage, more drought yellow seedlings, more freeze-damaged dead seedlings and poor adaptability is eliminated.
F 3 Generation: f combined by 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/Shannong 2149, 2009(174) Handan 09-4108/Handan 6172 in 2011 2 Seed harvested by generation (planted to yield F) 3 Plant generation) on the selected plot, and dibbling 2000 individual plants for each combination to form 2F plants 3 Generation and generation group, generation and generationAfter the seedlings live through the winter, replanting seeds in the seedling-lacking or ridge-breaking rows, and replanting mountain wheat with high stalks. The seedling stage surveys the indexes of each combined population, such as emergence period, emergence rate, tiller number, daylily seedling number, dead seedling and tiller number, and selects the combination which meets the emergence period of 6-7 days, the emergence rate is 90%, the total stem number before winter is 14000/2000 strains, daylily seedling is less than 20/2000 strains, and overwintering frozen dead seedling is less than 10/2000 strains. Determining 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/Shannong 2149 combination as a combination with good adaptability in seedling stage, selecting 1 ear of plant for mixed harvest to obtain the combination F 3 And (4) harvesting seeds. 2009(174) Handan 09-4108/Handan 6172 combination with good adaptability in the first year and poor adaptability in the second year in the seedling elimination period.
F 4 Generation: f combined with 2009(173) Handan 09-4108/shannong 2149 in 2012 3 Seed harvested by generation (planting acquisition F) 4 Plant generation) on the selected land, dibbling 2000 individual plants to form F 4 And (4) generation groups. Marking seedling emergence for 7 days in 2013, tillering 10 single plants before winter, drought-resistant single plants with cold resistance of 1-2 grade and no yellowing leaves 210, selecting single plants with disease resistance (within 2 grade of powdery mildew, within 2 grade of stripe rust and within 2 grade of leaf rust) and lodging resistance (within 1 grade of lodging resistance), plant height of 68-70cm, single plant spike number of 14-15 and spike length of 12-13cm from the single plants marked in seedling stage in the filling stage, selecting 30 single plants, harvesting according to plant, and threshing by plant to obtain F 4 And (5) harvesting seeds.
F 5 Generation: seeds of 30 individuals selected in the last generation on day 1/10 in 2013 (obtained by planting F) 5 Generation plants) are separately planted on the selected land blocks in a dibbling manner, 300 plants are planted on each single plant in a dibbling manner to form 30F plants 5 Generation line, line number 5314-. The seedling stage of 2014 investigates the group indexes of each line, such as emergence stage, emergence rate, number of tillers before winter, number of yellow croaker seedlings, number of frozen dead seedlings during overwintering and the like, and marks lines according with the group character indexes of emergence in 6-7 days, emergence rate more than 90%, total stem number before overwintering more than 3000/300, yellow croaker seedlings less than 3/300 and frozen dead seedlings 0/300. In the filling stage, in the marked strain line in the seedling stage, the strain lines with the resistance to diseases (within 2 grades of powdery mildew, within 2 grades of stripe rust and within 2 grades of leaf rust), lodging resistance (within 1 grade of lodging resistance), the plant height of 68-70cm and the spike number more than 4200 are selected, and the number of spikes is more than 4200The strains 5325, 5337 and 5340 with the length of 12-13cm are outplanted and separately harvested and threshed according to the strains. Codes Handan 145325, Handan 145337, Handan 145340.
And (3) yield test: harvested 3 lines (Handan 145325, Handan 145337, Handan 145340) were planted in the selected plots and densely planted in drill rows to form plots. Observing the seedling emergence speed, the seedling strength, the tillering quantity and the cold resistance and drought resistance of each planted strain in the seedling stage, investigating the properties of disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like in the filling stage, measuring the spike number per mu, the spike number and the thousand-grain weight yield in the maturation stage, harvesting and counting the yield, and selecting Handan 145337 excellent strains with good adaptability and high yield.
District testing and approval: handan 145337 participates in the district test of the water and land group of the Huang-Huai-Bei tablet in China, completes the test procedure, and passes the national approval and the approval of the name: handan and wheat 25.
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent land preparation, water and fertilizer, and planting conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is possible within the scope of the claims attached below.
Claims (10)
1. A wheat breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: combining a plurality of hybrid combinations by taking short-stalk wheat as a parent; planting each hybrid combination F under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation 2 -F 5 Generation materials, wherein seedling detection and seedling supplement are carried out from seedling emergence to overwintering stage in each generation; at F 2 -F 3 Carrying out adaptive combination selection at the seedling stage; at F 4 Selecting adaptive single plants in seedling stage and marking the selected single plants, selecting stress-resistant high-yield single plants in grouting maturation stage, selecting each single plant in selected single plantsSeparately harvesting seeds; f 5 Planting seeds of selected single plants in the previous generation, planting seeds of each selected single plant into a plant line, firstly carrying out adaptive plant line selection in the seedling stage and marking the selected plant lines in the seedling stage, and then carrying out stress-resistant high-yield plant line selection on the selected plant lines in the grouting and maturation stage to obtain candidate varieties.
2. A breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that under the conditions of straw returning and rotary tillage soil preparation, for selecting the land where the previous corn can be boiled and the straw can be crushed and returned to the field in late September, before sowing, soil moisture and deep ploughing are not caused, only rotary tillage soil preparation is performed, and sowing is performed from the bottom of September to the beginning of October.
3. A breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seedling check and seedling supplement is implemented by replanting high-stalk wheat at the seedling-lacking ridge and ridge-breaking positions after wheat seedling emergence and winter-crossing.
4. A breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adaptive combination at seedling stage is selected from the group consisting of fast emergence, high emergence rate, high number of pre-winter tillers, low number of yellow flowers and low number of frozen overwintering seedlings.
5. A breeding method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the selection of combinations of the adaptation combinations during the seedling stage is such that the combination of emergence of seedlings over 6-7 days, the rate of emergence more than 90%, the number of total stems before winter more than 14000 more than 2000 strains, less than 20/2000 strains of yellow suckers and less than 10/2000 strains of overwintering frozen and killed seedlings is selected.
6. A breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the said adaptive individual plants at seedling stage are selected to be those with fast emergence of seedlings, high tillering, cold and drought resistance; the stress-resistant high-yield single plant is selected from single plants with disease resistance, lodging resistance, medium plant height, more formed spikes and large spikes.
7. A breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the selection of adaptive individual plants at seedling stage is to select drought resistant individual plants which emerge in 7 days, have 10 or more tillers before winter, are cold resistant and have no etiolated leaves; the stress-resistant high-yield single plant is selected from a single plant which is disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, has a plant height of 68-70cm, has 14-15 spikes and has a spike length of 12-13 cm.
8. A breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the seedling-stage adapted lines are selected to be lines with a fast emergence, a high emergence rate, a high number of pre-winter tillers, a low number of yellow flowers and a low number of overwintering frozen dead seedlings; the stress-resistant high-yield strain is selected from the strains with disease resistance, lodging resistance, medium plant height, more formed spikes and large spikes.
9. A breeding method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the selection of adaptive lines during seedling stage is that lines are selected from lines with emergence of seedlings for 6-7 days, the rate of emergence more than 90%, the number of total stems before overwintering more than 3000/300, less than 3/300 lines of yellow suckers, 0/300 lines of frozen dead seedlings; the stress-resistant high-yield strain is selected from strains with disease resistance, lodging resistance, plant height of 68-70cm, spike number more than 4200/300 strains and spike length of 12-13 cm.
10. The method of claims 1-9, further comprising F 1 Planting in field with fine soil preparation.
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