CN113661919A

CN113661919A - Method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat

Info

Publication number: CN113661919A
Application number: CN202110868816.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程魁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-07-30
Filing date: 2021-07-30
Publication date: 2021-11-19

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat, which is characterized in that according to the ecological conditions of Anhui province wheat and the growth and development characteristics of wheat, a new wheat variety with high yield, short stems, big ears, lodging resistance and high quality is selectively cultivated by utilizing a wild combination, and the bred Chengkui EF68 new variety has the advantages of better comprehensiveness, good lodging resistance, cold resistance, strong growth vigor, thick and strong stems, toughness, big ears, high yield, good quality, high flour yield, later-stage dry hot air resistance, half-winter property and medium gluten wheat; the flour is used for making steamed bread, noodles, dumpling wrappers, distilled liquor, food processing, high-quality flour and the like; the seedlings are upright, the leaves are wide and large, the seedling vigor is strong, the tillering force is strong, the scion forming rate is high in the genus of jointing, the stem elasticity is strong, the plant type is compact, the flag threatens to be wide and straight, the spike layer is thick, the awns are grown, the white shells, the seeds are half horny and full, the thousand-grain weight is high, the rectangular spikes are grown in a high fertility mode, and the average number of the formed spikes per mu is 28 ten thousand.

Description

Method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat.

Background

With the limitation of the cultivated land area, the population is continuously increased, and the demand of people on food is continuously increased, so that the improvement of the food yield and the guarantee of the food safety are important subjects faced by people. Wheat is the grain crop with the widest planting area and the most total yield in the world; 30-40% of the population in the world takes wheat as main grain, and under the condition of limited cultivated land area, increasing the yield per unit of wheat is one of the important ways for increasing the grain yield, so that the rapid cultivation of a new variety of high-yield and high-quality wheat is the most efficient and economic yield increase measure.

Wheat is one of main human grains, the demand for high-quality and high-yield wheat is high at present, the yield and quality of wheat planted at present are reduced, better, high-quality and high-yield wheat is needed, and in order to meet the demands of farmers, a good demonstration is laid for high-quality and high-yield wheat, and a new wheat variety with high quality, high yield and disease resistance is researched and developed while a new variety is cultivated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat, which aims to solve the problem that the yield and the quality of wheat planted in China are reduced in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat comprises the following steps:

step 1: in wild wheat, screening a wheat line favorable for breeding characters;

step 2: hybridizing the wild wheat screened in the step 1 serving as a female parent and Yumai No. 2 serving as a male parent to obtain a first generation containing the gene of the wild wheat, and breeding the first generation for four generations through a system to obtain S66;

and step 3: hybridizing the early-quality 504 serving as a female parent and the S66 serving as a male parent in the step 2 to obtain a second generation containing the early-quality 504 gene, and breeding the second generation into EF68 wheat through systematic breeding;

and 4, step 4: hybridizing the S66 in the step 2 as a female parent and the EF68 wheat in the step 3 as a male parent to obtain three generations;

and 5: in the second year, after the variety of the third generation in the step 4 is determined, plant lines with high quality grains are selected as key plant lines, in the third year, seeds of the key plant lines are all sown, nutrient solution is used for spraying in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observation is carried out in the whole growth period, plant lines without separation basically are found, the plant height is moderate, the tillering force, the resistance, the yield and the like of the plant lines are superior to those of other plant lines, and the seeds of the plant lines are mixed and harvested; performing experiments in the fourth year, and obtaining Chengkui EF68 by comparing the seeds of the non-segregation strain with the seeds of the key strain in the third year;

the nutrient solution in the step 5 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of edible selenium powder, 0.5-1 part of sodium selenite, 10-15 parts of sugarcane filter mud, 10-15 parts of rice bran and 5-10 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-rich malt powder, selenium-rich edible fungus powder, selenium-rich oyster mushroom powder and selenium-rich hericium erinaceus powder.

Preferably, the step 5 further comprises the steps of establishing a new super wheat variety demonstration base, and performing super wheat cultivation technical research and improved variety and improved good method matching research on the Chengkui EF68, so as to improve the super wheat variety production, popularization and matching cultivation technology.

Preferably, the Chenkui EF68 is suitable for the sowing time of 10 middle-old-month.

Preferably, the experiment in the step 5 comprises an agronomic trait, a leaf wax test, a drought resistance physiological index test, a grain yield test and a drought stress resistance measurement index.

Preferably, in the step 2, hybrid is obtained in one generation, hybrid 85-95 grains are simultaneously harvested, and hybrid 190-210 grains are harvested in summer in the same year.

Preferably, in the step 4, the third generation of 100 spikes of the main stem is preferred, and 50 spikes are reserved after threshing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the Chengkui EF68 new strain variety bred by the method has the advantages of better comprehensiveness, falling resistance, cold resistance, strong growth vigor, thick and strong stems, toughness, large ears, good high yield, good quality, high flour yield, dry hot wind resistance in the later period, half-winter property and medium gluten wheat; the flour is used for making steamed bread, noodles, dumpling wrappers, distilled liquor, food processing, high-quality flour and the like; the seedlings are upright, the leaves are wide and large, the seedling vigor is strong, the tillering force is strong, the scion forming rate is high in the genus of jointing, the stem elasticity is strong, the plant type is compact, the flag threatens to be wide and straight, the spike layer is thick, the awns are grown, the white shells, the seeds are half horny and full, the thousand-grain weight is high, the rectangular spikes are grown in a high fertility mode, and the average number of the formed spikes per mu is 28 ten thousand.

2) According to the ecological conditions of Anhui province wheat and the characteristics of wheat growth and development, the novel wheat variety with high yield, short stems, large ears, lodging resistance, high quality and selenium enrichment is selectively cultivated by utilizing the wild combination, the field observation is easy, the backcross is simple, the breeding efficiency is high, the time and the labor are saved, the comprehensive productivity of the wheat is further improved, and the important significance is realized on ensuring the grain safety.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a spectrogram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example (b):

referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for cultivating high-yield selenium-rich wheat includes hybridizing wild Hunan wild wheat as female parent and Yumai No. 2 as male parent in 2008, harvesting 90 hybrids, harvesting 200 hybrids in summer, breeding 4 generations in systematic mode, and cultivating S66 in 2012.

In 2013, early-quality wheat 504 is used as a female parent and S66 is used as a male parent in the Changyang county of Anhui province, and EF68 wheat is bred in 2016 after systematic breeding for 3 generations.

In 2017, S66 is used as a female parent, EF68 wheat is used as a male parent, 100 spikes of a main stem are preferably selected, and 50 spikes are reserved after threshing; continuously selecting from 2017 to 2018, performing best performance by strains 5, 8, 11, 20, 38, 39 and the like, selecting 10 individual strains, determining that 8 strains have high quality by variety determination, and classifying as key strains; sowing 8 seeds in 2018-2019, spraying nutrient solution in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observing in the whole growth period, and finding that the 5 th plant line has no separation basically, has moderate plant height and better tillering force, resistance, high yield and the like than other plant lines, and mixing the seeds for harvest; the experiment is carried out in 2019-2020, 8 samples are compared with the control, the selection line is named as: new strain of Chenkui EF 68.

The selenium content of the wheat is detected to be about 0.26 plus or minus 0.01mg/kg by using a 2, 3-aminonaphthalene fluorescence detection method, and the standard of less than or equal to 0.3mg/kg specified by the state is met.

2, 3-aminonaphthalene fluorometric test method, which is based on the principle that a sample is digested with mixed acid to oxidize selenium compounds into inorganic Se4, Se4 is reacted with 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene (2, 3-Di-aminoaphtylene, abbreviated as DAN) under acidic conditions to produce 4, 5-benzokohlrabi selenol (4, 5-benzokohlrabi piasenol), and then extracted with cyclohexane. And measuring the fluorescence intensity under the conditions that the wavelength of the exciting light is 376nm and the wavelength of the emitting light is 520nm, thereby calculating the content of the selenium in the sample.

The nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of turf, 15 parts of edible selenium powder, 0.7 part of sodium selenite, 12 parts of sugarcane filtered mud, 13 parts of rice bran and 8 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-rich malt powder, selenium-rich edible fungus powder, selenium-rich oyster mushroom powder and selenium-rich hericium erinaceus powder.

The Chengkui EF68 belongs to a semi-winter variety, the growth period is 223 days, seedlings are upright, the tillering force is strong, the seedling is compact, the earring rate is high, the growth is robust, the plant height is 76 cm, flowers after the maturity are yellow, the flower sequences are in a multi-tassel shape, the leaf color is dark green, the fertilizer resistance and the lodging resistance are good, the ears are large and rectangular, the awns, white shells and red grains are grown, the grain quality is strong, the grain type oval is round and full, the black embryo rate is low, and the yield per mu is 700 kg. Strong cold resistance, good uniformity, good cutin and commodity property, and good cooking.

After 2 years of multiple asexual propagation (cutting propagation), the dominance of the plant population is stable in consistent character, and EF68 wheat is high in yield, stability and adaptability and good in adaptability. The yield per mu in the test from 2013 to 2014 is 760.6 kilograms, and the yield is increased by 35 percent compared with Yumai No. 2. The yield per mu of the test is 785.5 kg in 2015-2016 year, and is increased by 36.6 percent compared with the yield of the control Xiaozhi 54 year, and the yield is increased remarkably in two years. The composite straw has the advantages of better comprehensiveness, lodging resistance, cold resistance, strong growth vigor, thick and strong stems, toughness, large ears, good yield, better powdery mildew resistance in comparison with the standard ratio, good appearance quality, high flour yield and later-stage dry hot air resistance.

The suitable seeding time is in the middle ten days of 10 months, and the suitable seeding is as follows: in Anhui, Hebei, Henan and Shandong areas, farmyard manure is required to be applied as a base fertilizer according to different soil fertility, reasonable close planting is carried out, and the using amount is about 10 kilograms. Scientific management, adequate base fertilizer, attention to the matching of field ditches and lines, prevention of light waterlogging and dark stain, application of about 15 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, wherein 70 percent of the pure nitrogen is used as a base seedling fertilizer, 30 percent of the pure nitrogen is used as a jointing and booting fertilizer, and the application of a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is matched, so that diseases, insect pests and weeds can be prevented and treated in time, harvesting is carried out in time, and high yield and harvest are ensured. The cultivation of the EF68 wheat variety greatly improves the yield per unit of wheat and increases the total yield, the high-yield wheat is used as the national wheat planting area, the demand is high, the total yield is high, and the cultivation and large-area planting of the EF68 wheat has important significance for further improving the comprehensive productivity of the wheat and ensuring the grain safety.

In the middle stage of grouting, Chengkui EF68 and Yumai No. 2 are respectively taken to test the content of the wax in the flag leaf.

Cutting wheat leaves into small leaf segments of 5 cm, placing the small leaf segments in 30ml of chloroform, and soaking for 30 s; then, the solution was filtered through filter paper into evaporation dishes of known weight (W1), placed in a fume hood and weighed again after the chloroform was completely volatilized (W2); the difference between the two weights is the weight of wax; each treatment was repeated 5 times. The waxy content was calculated as fresh leaf weight (W3). The average content of the Chenkui EF68 flag leaf wax is 16.42mg/g, and is 69.4% higher than that of Yumai No. 2 variety.

The table above shows the agronomic trait test data of the invention and similar varieties

While there have been shown and described the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and advantages thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

and step 3: hybridizing the Anzaoyou 504 serving as a female parent and the S66 serving as a male parent in the step 2 to obtain a second generation containing the Zaoyou 504 gene, and breeding the second generation into EF68 wheat through systematic breeding;

2. The cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the step 5 also comprises the steps of establishing a new super wheat variety demonstration base, and carrying out super wheat cultivation technical research and improved variety improved method matching research on the Chengkui EF68, so as to improve the super wheat variety production, popularization and matching cultivation technology.

3. The cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the Chengkui EF68 is suitable for the middle ten days of 10 months.

4. The cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the experiment in the step 5 comprises an agronomic character test, a leaf wax test and a grain yield test.

5. The cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, hybrid 85-95 grains are obtained from hybrid one generation at the same time, and hybrid 190-210 grains are obtained in summer in the same year.

6. The cultivation method of high-yield selenium-rich wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, 100 spikes of the third generation main stem spike are preferably selected, and 50 spikes are reserved after threshing.