CN115486367A - Selenium-rich wheat cultivation method - Google Patents

Selenium-rich wheat cultivation method Download PDF

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CN115486367A
CN115486367A CN202211176227.2A CN202211176227A CN115486367A CN 115486367 A CN115486367 A CN 115486367A CN 202211176227 A CN202211176227 A CN 202211176227A CN 115486367 A CN115486367 A CN 115486367A
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selenium
wheat
parts
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程魁
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Guangdong Academy Of Wheat Science And Technology
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Guangdong Academy Of Wheat Science And Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/10Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • A01H1/122Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich wheat breeding method.A Cheng Kui EF68 new strain variety bred by the method has the advantages of good quality, high flour yield, dry hot air resistance in the later period, half-winterness and medium gluten wheat; the flour is used for making steamed bread, noodles, dumpling wrappers, distilled liquor, food processing, high-quality flour and the like; the method has the advantages of upright seedlings, wide and large leaves, strong seedling vigor, strong tillering force, high earring rate, strong elasticity of stems, compact plant types, wide and straight flag scaring, thick spike layers, long awns, white shells, half-horny and full seeds, high thousand-grain weight and rectangular spikes, and can be used for selectively cultivating a new wheat variety with high yield, short stems, large spikes, lodging resistance, high quality and selenium enrichment by utilizing the wild combination.

Description

Selenium-rich wheat cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a selenium-rich wheat cultivation method.
Background
Although wheat is one of main human grains, although the technology of domestic wheat is mature, the wheat cultivated by various cultivation methods in the prior art can realize the effects of high yield, disease resistance and the like, but the wheat does not belong to high-quality wheat and is influenced by soil nutrition, climate and the like in a planting area, the yield and quality of the wheat cultivated in China at present are reduced, the wheat with better quality and high yield is needed, a good demonstration is laid for high-yield and high-quality wheat to meet the requirements of vast farmers, and a new high-quality, high-yield and disease-resistant wheat variety is researched and developed while a new variety is cultivated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich wheat cultivation method to solve the problem that the yield and quality of domestic wheat planted in the background technology are reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a selenium-rich wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: in wild wheat, screening a wheat line favorable for breeding characters;
step 2: selecting slightly acid or slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, ploughing and fertilizing the planting soil, planting wild wheat and Yumai No. 2 respectively, turning the sun of seeds for 2-3 d before sowing, soaking the seeds in calcium chloride solution for 24h, fishing out, washing with clear water, continuing soaking the seeds in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 15-16 h, fishing out, airing, sowing, hybridizing the seeds with the wild wheat screened in the step 1 as a female parent and the Yumai No. 2 as a male parent to obtain a first generation containing wild wheat genes, and breeding the first generation into S66 by a system for four generations;
and step 3: hybridizing by taking Anzaoyou 504 as a female parent and S66 in the step 2 as a male parent to obtain a second generation containing the Zaoyou 504 gene, and breeding the third generation by a system to obtain EF68 wheat;
and 4, step 4: hybridizing the S66 in the step 2 as a female parent and the EF68 wheat in the step 3 as a male parent to obtain three generations;
and 5: in the second year, after the variety of the third generation in the step 4 is determined, plant lines with high quality grains are selected as key plant lines, in the third year, seeds of the key plant lines are all sown, nutrient solution is used for spraying in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observation is carried out in the whole growth period, plant lines without separation basically are found, the plant height is moderate, the tillering force, the resistance, the yield and the like of the plant lines are superior to those of other plant lines, and the seeds of the plant lines are mixed and harvested; performing experiments in the fourth year, and comparing the seeds of the non-segregating strain with the seeds of the key strain in the third year to obtain Cheng Kui EF68;
the nutrient solution in the step 5 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of edible selenium powder, 10-12 parts of organic fermentation amino acid, 0.6-1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 10-15 parts of rice bran and 5-10 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-enriched malt powder, selenium-enriched edible fungus powder, selenium-enriched oyster mushroom powder and selenium-enriched hericium erinaceus powder.
Preferably, the Cheng Kui EF68 is suitable for the middle 10 th month of sowing.
Preferably, the experiment in the step 5 comprises an agronomic trait, a leaf wax test, a drought resistance physiological index test, a grain yield test and a drought stress resistance measurement index.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in the step 5 is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of turf, 16 parts of edible selenium powder, 11 parts of organic fermentation amino acid, 0.8 part of potassium chloride, 0.15 part of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate, 13 parts of rice bran and 7 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-rich malt powder, selenium-rich edible fungus powder, selenium-rich oyster mushroom powder and selenium-rich hericium erinaceus powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the Cheng Kui EF68 new strain variety bred by the method is good in quality, high in flour yield, and resistant to dry hot air, semi-winter and medium gluten wheat in the later period; used for making steamed bread, noodles, dumpling wrapper, distilled liquor, food processing, high-quality flour, etc.; the method has the advantages of upright seedlings, wide and large leaves, strong seedling vigor, strong tillering force, high earring rate, strong elasticity of stems, compact plant types, wide and straight flag scaring, thick spike layers, long awns, white shells, half-horny and full seeds, high thousand-grain weight and rectangular spikes, and can be used for selectively cultivating a new wheat variety with high yield, short stems, large spikes, lodging resistance, high quality and selenium enrichment by utilizing the wild combination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a spectrogram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a selenium-rich wheat cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: in wild wheat, screening a wheat line favorable for breeding characters;
step 2: selecting slightly acid or slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, ploughing and fertilizing the planting soil, planting wild wheat and Yumai No. 2 respectively, turning the sun of seeds for 2-3 d before sowing, soaking the seeds in calcium chloride solution for 24h, fishing out, washing with clear water, continuing soaking the seeds in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 15-16 h, fishing out, airing, sowing, hybridizing the seeds with the wild wheat screened in the step 1 as a female parent and the Yumai No. 2 as a male parent to obtain a first generation containing wild wheat genes, and breeding the first generation into S66 by a system for four generations;
and step 3: hybridizing the Anzaoyou 504 serving as a female parent and the S66 serving as a male parent in the step 2 to obtain a second generation containing the Zaoyou 504 gene, and breeding the second generation into EF68 wheat through systematic breeding;
and 4, step 4: hybridizing the S66 in the step 2 as a female parent and the EF68 wheat in the step 3 as a male parent to obtain three generations;
and 5: in the second year, after the variety of the third generation in the step 4 is determined, plant lines with high quality grains are selected as key plant lines, in the third year, seeds of the key plant lines are all sown, nutrient solution is used for spraying in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observation is carried out in the whole growth period, plant lines without separation basically are found, the plant height is moderate, the tillering force, the resistance, the yield and the like of the plant lines are superior to those of other plant lines, and the seeds of the plant lines are mixed and harvested; performing experiments in the fourth year, and comparing the seeds of the non-segregating strain with the seeds of the key strain in the third year to obtain Cheng Kui EF68;
in 2008, wild wheat in the Hunan mountain is taken as a female parent and Yumai No. 2 is taken as a male parent to carry out hybridization, 90 hybrid seeds are harvested, 200 hybrid seeds are harvested in summer in the same year, and the hybrid seeds are bred for 4 generations through a system and bred into S66 in 2012.
Hybridization is carried out in 2013 in the Changyang county of Anhui province by taking the Zaoyou 504 as a female parent and the S66 as a male parent, and EF68 wheat is bred in 2016 after systematic breeding for 3 generations.
In 2017, S66 is used as a female parent, EF68 wheat is used as a male parent, 100 spikes of a main stem and spike are preferably selected, and 50 spikes are reserved after threshing; continuously selecting from 2017 to 2018, performing best performance by strains 5, 8, 11, 20, 38, 39 and the like, selecting 10 individual strains, determining that 8 strains have high quality by variety determination, and classifying as key strains; sowing 8 seeds in 2018-2019, spraying nutrient solution in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observing in the whole growth period, and finding that the 5 th plant line has no separation basically, has moderate plant height and better tillering force, resistance, high yield and the like than other plant lines, and mixing the seeds for harvest; the experiment is carried out in 2019-2020, 8 samples are compared with the control, the selection line is named as: cheng Kui EF68 new strain.
The 2,3-aminonaphthalene fluorescence detection method is used for detecting that the selenium content of the wheat is about 0.26 plus or minus 0.01mg/kg, and meets the national standard of less than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg.
2,3-aminonaphthalene fluorescence assay was carried out by digesting the sample with mixed acid to oxidize selenium compounds to inorganic Se4, reacting Se4 with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (2,3-Di-aminoapphalene, abbreviated as DAN) under acidic conditions to produce 4,5-benzokohlrabi selenol (4,5-Benzo piaseoelenol), and extracting with cyclohexane. And measuring the fluorescence intensity under the conditions that the wavelength of the exciting light is 376nm and the wavelength of the emitting light is 520nm, thereby calculating the content of the selenium in the sample.
The nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of edible selenium powder, 10-12 parts of organic fermentation amino acid, 0.6-1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 10-15 parts of rice bran and 5-10 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-enriched malt powder, selenium-enriched edible fungus powder, selenium-enriched oyster mushroom powder and selenium-enriched hericium erinaceus powder.
Cheng Kui EF68 belongs to a semi-winter variety, the growth period is 223 days, seedlings are upright, the tillering force is strong, the seedling is compact, the ear forming rate is high, the growth is strong, the plant height is 76 cm, flowers after the flowers are ripe are yellow, the flower heads are in a double-ear shape, the leaf color is dark green, the fertilizer resistance and the lodging resistance are good, the ears are large and square, awns, white shells and red grains are grown, the grain quality is strong, the grain type oval is full, the black embryo rate is low, and the yield per mu is 600-700 kg. Strong cold resistance, good uniformity, good cutin and commodity, and good ripeness.
After 2 years of multiple asexual propagation (cutting propagation), the plant population has stable consistent characters in the main performance, and EF68 wheat has high yield, stability, adaptability and better adaptability. The yield per mu in the experiments from 2013 to 2014 is 760.6 kg, and the yield is increased by 35 percent compared with Yumai No. 2. The yield per mu of 785.5 kilograms in a one-2016 year product comparison test in 2015 is increased by 36.6 percent compared with that of a control Xiaozhi 54, and the yield increase reaches extremely remarkable two years. The composite straw has the advantages of better comprehensiveness, lodging resistance, cold resistance, strong growth vigor, thick and strong stems, toughness, large ears, good yield, better powdery mildew resistance in comparison with the standard ratio, good appearance quality, high flour yield and later-stage dry hot air resistance.
The suitable seeding time is in the middle ten days of 10 months, and the suitable seeding is as follows: in Anhui, hebei, henan and Shandong areas, farmyard manure is required to be additionally applied as a base fertilizer according to different soil fertility, reasonable close planting is carried out, and the using amount is about 10 kilograms. Scientific management, adequate base fertilizer, attention to the matching of field ditches and lines, prevention of light waterlogging and dark stain, application of about 15 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, wherein 70 percent of the pure nitrogen is used as a basic seedling fertilizer, 30 percent of the pure nitrogen is used as a jointing and booting fertilizer, and the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is matched, so that the diseases, the pests and the weeds can be prevented and controlled in time, the crops can be harvested in time, and the high yield and the high harvest can be ensured. The cultivation of EF68 wheat varieties greatly improves the yield per unit of wheat and increases the total yield, high-yield wheat has large demand and high total yield as the national wheat planting area, and the cultivation and large-area cultivation of EF68 wheat has important significance for further improving the comprehensive productivity of wheat and ensuring the grain safety.
In the middle stage of grouting, cheng Kui EF68 and Yumai No. 2 are respectively taken to test the content of the flag leaf wax.
Cutting wheat leaves into small leaf segments of 5 cm, placing the small leaf segments in 30ml of chloroform, and soaking for 30s; then, the solution was filtered through filter paper into an evaporation dish of known weight (W1), placed in a fume hood, and weighed again after the chloroform was completely volatilized (W2); the difference between the two weights is the weight of wax; each treatment was repeated 5 times. The wax content was calculated as fresh leaf weight (W3) units. Cheng Kui EF68 flag leaf wax content is 16.42mg/g on average, and is 69.4% higher than Yumai No. 2 variety on average.
Figure BDA0003864539460000061
Figure BDA0003864539460000071
The table above shows the agronomic trait test data of the invention and similar varieties
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the basic principles and essential features of the invention and advantages thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but is capable of other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A selenium-rich wheat cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: in wild wheat, screening a wheat line favorable for breeding characters;
step 2: selecting slightly acid or slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, ploughing and fertilizing the planting soil, planting wild wheat and Yumai No. 2 respectively, turning the sun of seeds for 2-3 d before sowing, soaking the seeds in calcium chloride solution for 24h, fishing out, washing with clear water, continuing soaking the seeds in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 15-16 h, fishing out, airing, sowing, hybridizing the seeds with the wild wheat screened in the step 1 as a female parent and the Yumai No. 2 as a male parent to obtain a first generation containing wild wheat genes, and breeding the first generation into S66 by a system for four generations;
and 3, step 3: hybridizing the Anzaoyou 504 serving as a female parent and the S66 serving as a male parent in the step 2 to obtain a second generation containing the Zaoyou 504 gene, and breeding the second generation into EF68 wheat through systematic breeding;
and 4, step 4: hybridizing the S66 in the step 2 as a female parent and the EF68 wheat in the step 3 as a male parent to obtain three generations;
and 5: in the second year, after the variety of the third generation in the step 4 is determined, plant lines with high quality grains are selected as key plant lines, in the third year, seeds of the key plant lines are all sown, nutrient solution is used for spraying in the jointing stage, the early grouting stage and the middle grouting stage of wheat, observation is carried out in the whole growth period, plant lines without separation basically are found, the plant height is moderate, the tillering force, the resistance, the yield and the like of the plant lines are superior to those of other plant lines, and the seeds of the plant lines are mixed and harvested; performing experiments in the fourth year, and comparing the seeds of the non-segregating strain with the seeds of the key strain in the third year to obtain Cheng Kui EF68;
the nutrient solution in the step 5 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of edible selenium powder, 10-12 parts of organic fermentation amino acid, 0.6-1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 10-15 parts of rice bran and 5-10 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-enriched malt powder, selenium-enriched edible fungus powder, selenium-enriched oyster mushroom powder and selenium-enriched hericium erinaceus powder.
2. The cultivation method of selenium-enriched wheat according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the Cheng Kui EF68 is suitable for the middle 10 th month of sowing.
3. The cultivation method of selenium-enriched wheat according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the experiment in the step 5 comprises an agronomic character test, a leaf wax test and a grain yield test.
4. The cultivation method of selenium-enriched wheat according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the nutrient solution in the step 5 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of turf, 16 parts of edible selenium powder, 11 parts of organic fermentation amino acid, 0.8 part of potassium chloride, 0.15 part of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of ferrous sulfate, 13 parts of rice bran and 7 parts of free amino acid, wherein the edible selenium powder comprises selenium-rich malt powder, selenium-rich edible fungus powder, selenium-rich oyster mushroom powder and selenium-rich hericium erinaceus powder.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117281037A (en) * 2023-09-11 2023-12-26 地宝集团有限公司 Selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate
CN117281037B (en) * 2023-09-11 2024-03-19 地宝集团有限公司 Selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate

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Application publication date: 20221220

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