CN113348998A - Method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution - Google Patents
Method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution. The method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out seedling bed management by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution and carrying out field management by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution. The microalgae biological nutrient solution is applied in the rice seedling stage, so that rice seedling emergence can be accelerated, the seedling emergence rate can be improved, the seedling rotting rate can be reduced, the seedling body is hard and powerful, the seedling root system is robust, and the growth vigor of the root system and the overground part of the rice seedling can be effectively regulated and controlled; the microalgae biological nutrient solution is applied in the rice green turning and tillering stage, so that ineffective tillering is inhibited, effective tillering is promoted, rice stress resistance is improved, soil is improved, continuous cropping is resisted, acid and alkali are balanced, yield is increased, quality is improved, weight is reduced, and efficiency is increased. The method solves the problems that the soil is damaged, the environment and rice are polluted and the like due to the fact that the conventional rice planting method uses chemical fertilizers and large pesticide amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution.
Background
Rice is a cereal crop of the genus Oryza, and the representative species is rice (academic name: Oryza sativa L.). The rice is classified into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to the rice type. The conventional rice and hybrid rice are classified according to the seed reserving mode. The rice is obtained by removing glume from rice, weighing brown rice, and grinding rice bran layer to obtain the final product. Approximately half of the world population uses rice as staple food. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice hulls and rice straws can be used as livestock feed. The main production areas of Chinese rice are Yangtze river basin, Zhujiang river basin and northeast region. The rice belongs to direct economic crops, is staple food for Chinese residents, and is planted in a conventional area of 2.45 hundred million mu per mu at present.
A large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used in conventional rice planting, and the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides bring residue hazards, so that soil hardening and soil microbial system unbalance are caused. In addition, the frequent use of pesticides causes the diseases and insect pests to generate drug resistance, so that the drug use times and the drug use amount are increased, the pollution to the environment and the damage to the ecology are increased, the vicious circle of pesticide abuse is formed, and the vicious circle finally enters the human body through the gradual enrichment of a food chain to cause chronic poisoning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution.
According to the method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, the method utilizes the microalgae biological nutrient solution for seedling bed management, and the method utilizes the microalgae biological nutrient solution for field management.
The microalgae biological nutrient solution is formed by cultivating nitrogen-fixing blue algae and photosynthetic nutrient green algae, so that the microalgae biological nutrient solution has the specific activity of algae organisms. After the microalgae biological nutrient solution enters soil, cells contained in the microalgae biological nutrient solution can be subjected to fission and propagation, so that billions of cells are generated, and the cells can provide continuous nutrient substances for plants through metabolic activity due to the activity of the cells.
The rice is transplanted to a seedling bed from sowing, and the seedling bed is divided into a germination stage, a seedling stage and a seedling stage. And (3) germination period: the rice seeds can germinate under the conditions of proper moisture, temperature and oxygen. The initial sprouts appeared as cylindrical coleoptiles and the initial radicles appeared as seed roots (only one). When the coleoptiles are extended to be as long as the grain body and the seed roots are extended to be twice as long as the grain body, the sprouting period is determined. And (3) seedling stage: the seedling stage is from germination to full emergence of three leaves. In the three-leaf stage, the coleoptile and incomplete leaves are extended out successively, and the growth of the seedling is mainly based on the nutrients stored in the seed for the growth requirement, so the seedling stage is also called as the milk seedling stage. By the time of full emergence from the trifoliate, the nutrients stored in the seeds are exhausted, which is called the weaning period or weaning period. And (3) seedling stage: from the time when the fourth leaf begins to extend, the seedling is transferred to independent nutrition, namely, the seedling absorbs water and nutrients from soil by the root and carries out photosynthesis by the leaf to produce nutrient substances, and the seedling can grow up, and the period is called as the seedling stage. The northeast rice is generally transplanted when 3-4 leaves are planted.
The rice seedlings can be transplanted after growing in the seedbed for about 1 month, and the field during the period from transplanting until harvesting is called the rice field. Traditional field management includes base fertilizer application, striking root fertilizer application, tillering fertilizer application, spike fertilizer application and grain fertilizer application.
According to the method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, the microalgae biological nutrient solution is additionally applied on the basis of the fertilizer application of the seedling bed, wherein the step of applying the microalgae biological nutrient solution to the seedling bed comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying for the first time: spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the seedling bed in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, wherein 200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken, diluted and sprayed to 100m2The seedling bed of (1);
(2) and (3) spraying for the second time: spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the rice seedling field 3-5 days before rice seedling transplanting, wherein 200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken, diluted and sprayed to 100m2The rice seedling bed.
The dilution times of the microalgae biological nutrient solution are generally 10-500 times.
When the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the surface soil of a seedling bed by a spraying method, and after the fertilizer is sprayed, the fertilizer is washed by clear water to uniformly cover the surface soil as much as possible, so that strong seedlings are cultivated, and dead seedlings are reduced.
According to the method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution, the field management comprises the following steps:
(1) after the rice is subjected to closed weeding for the second time, 400-1500 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken in each mu of field, and the microalgae biological nutrient solution is diluted and applied;
(2) and (3) taking 400-1500 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution per mu of field when the rice enters the initial stage of jointing, and applying the diluted microalgae biological nutrient solution.
Wherein the microalgae biological nutrient solution is applied at 400mL, 500mL, 600mL, 700mL, 800mL, 900mL, 1000mL, 1100mL, 1200mL, 1300mL, 1400mL or 1500mL per mu.
According to the method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, before field preparation, a compound fertilizer is selected as a base fertilizer to be applied to the soil surface, the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 100-200 kg/hectare, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 14:15: 10.
According to the method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, before the step (1), urea is applied as a green turning and tillering fertilizer when the rice is transplanted in a field for 5-7 days, and the application rate of the urea is 45-55 kg/hectare.
And spraying diluted microalgae biological nutrient solution after the rice is subjected to closed weeding for the second time. The dilution multiple of the microalgae biological nutrient solution is 10-500 times, tillering of rice can be promoted, and the using amount of field tillering fertilizer (urea) can be reduced.
According to the method for planting the rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, the step of spraying the microalgae biological nutrient solution in the jointing stage is that the rice enters the jointing beginning stage, and the diluted microalgae biological nutrient solution is sprayed, wherein the dilution multiple of the microalgae biological nutrient solution is 10-500 times.
According to the method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, before the step (2), 55-60 days after transplanting, 2.5 leaves are poured, the base part of a main stem is stripped, the internode of the base part can be seen, and when 0.5cm white young ears are seen to be formed, potassium chloride is applied as an ear grain fertilizer, wherein the application concentration of the potassium chloride is 35-45 kg/hectare.
When the rice enters the tillering later stage and the root breeding quantity of the rice reaches more than ten roots per cave (average root breeding quantity), the rice enters the node-pulling initial stage, the node pulling of the rice can be promoted, the stout of the rice stem is promoted, a foundation is laid for lodging resistance of the rice, and sufficient nutrients are provided for large panicle heads of rice cultivation. Improving the resistance of the rice, increasing the plumpness of the seeds and reducing the blighted grain quantity.
The invention also provides a method for raising rice seedlings by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, which uses the microalgae biological nutrient solution for managing rice seedling beds.
According to the method for raising rice seedlings by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution, the steps of seedling bed management comprise:
(1) spraying for the first time: spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the seedling bed in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, wherein 200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken, diluted and sprayed to 100m2The seedling bed of (1);
and (3) spraying for the second time: spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the rice seedling field 3-5 days before rice seedling transplanting, wherein 200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken, diluted and sprayed to 100m2Seedling bed
Preferably, the microalgae biological nutrient solution in the method is blue algae and/or photosynthetic nutrient green algae.
Further preferably, the microalgae biological nutrient solution is blue algae and photosynthetic nutrient green algae, wherein the ratio of the blue algae to the photosynthetic nutrient green algae is 1: 0.5 to 2.
In the invention, the dilution factor of the microalgae biological nutrient solution is 10-500 times, specifically 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the microalgae biological nutrient solution is applied in the rice seedling stage, so that the rice seedling emergence can be accelerated, the seedling emergence rate can be improved, the seedling rotting rate can be reduced, the seedling body is hard and powerful, and the height of the seedling is remarkably higher than that of the seedling treated by contrast and is not overgrown; the seedling root system is robust, the root system has more branches and hairs, and the root volume, the main root length and the root number of the fungi are obviously higher than those of the contrast; the dry weight and fresh weight of each hundred plants are remarkably superior to those of a control, and the root-crown ratio of the rice seedlings reaches more than 0.7, so that the method can effectively regulate and control the growth vigor of the root system and overground part of the rice seedlings; the seedlings bred by the method are flat and thick, the stem width ratio is remarkably superior to that of the control treatment, the stem base width is increased by 0.51mm to 2.54mm compared with the control treatment, and early tillering is facilitated. The method of the invention also has a certain inhibiting effect on the diseases of the seedlings.
The microalgae rice obtained by the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield is obviously improved, the yield of the microalgae rice is lower than 8.5, the amylose percentage is lower than 17.25, and the polished rice rate, the brown rice rate and the taste score are higher than those of the microalgae rice obtained by conventional planting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) managing a seedling bed: additionally applying microalgae biological nutrient solution on the basis of fertilizing a seedling bed;
for the first time, in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, 200mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken and diluted by 10 times for 100m2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
second, using the microalgae biological nutrient solution 3 days before transplanting rice seedlings, diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution 200mL by 10 times, and adding the diluted microalgae biological nutrient solution to 100m2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
(2) the Honda management method comprises the following steps:
(2-1) before field soaking and soil preparation, selecting 100 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer (14:15:10) as a base fertilizer to be applied to the soil surface, then rotating the field, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil to ensure that no naked fertilizer exists on the surface;
(2-2) fertilizing the tillering fertilizer; applying 45kg of urea per hectare as striking-back tillering fertilizer in 5-7 days of transplanting rice in the field; diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) 3-4 days after the closed weeding for the second time, and spraying by using an unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude;
(2-3) applying spike grain fertilizer; after 55-60 days of transplanting, pouring 2.5 leaves, peeling off the base of the main stem, seeing the internode of the base and seeing the formation of 0.5cm white young ears, and applying 35 kg/hectare of potassium chloride as a grain fertilizer of the ears; after 4-5 days, microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) is added to the water inlet of the paddy field for irrigation.
The microalgae biological nutrient solution used in the embodiment is blue algae: the ratio of the photosynthetic nutrient green algae is 1: 0.5.
example 2
The rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) managing a seedling bed: additionally applying microalgae biological nutrient solution on the basis of fertilizing a seedling bed;
for the first time, in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, 300mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken and diluted by 200 times for 100m2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
the second time, the microalgae biological nutrient solution is diluted by 200 times to 100m for use 3 days before the rice seedlings are transplanted2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
(2) the Honda management method comprises the following steps:
(2-1) before field soaking and soil preparation, 150 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer (14:15:10) is selected and applied to the soil surface as base fertilizer, and then the soil is rotated to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil, so that no naked fertilizer exists on the surface of the soil;
(2-2) fertilizing the tillering fertilizer; applying 40 kg/hectare of urea as a striking root and tillering fertilizer in 5-7 days of transplanting rice in the field; diluting microalgae biological nutrient solution (1000 mL/mu) 3-4 days after the closed weeding for the second time, and spraying by using an unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude;
(2-3) applying spike grain fertilizer; after 55-60 days of transplanting, pouring 2.5 leaves, peeling off the base of the main stem, seeing the internode of the base and seeing the formation of 0.5cm white young ears, and applying 40 kg/hectare of potassium chloride as a grain fertilizer of the ears; after 4-5 days, microalgae biological nutrient solution (1000 mL/mu) is added to the water inlet of the paddy field for irrigation.
The microalgae biological nutrient solution used in the embodiment is blue algae: the ratio of the photosynthetic nutrient green algae is 1: 1.
example 3
The rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) managing a seedling bed: additionally applying microalgae biological nutrient solution on the basis of fertilizing a seedling bed;
firstly, in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, 400mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken, diluted by 500 times and sprayed on a 100m2 seedling bed,
secondly, the microalgae biological nutrient solution is diluted by 500 times to 400mL for use 3 days before the rice seedlings are transplanted, and is sprayed to a rice field of 100m2,
(2) the Honda management method comprises the following steps:
(2-1) before field soaking and soil preparation, selecting 200 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer (14:15:10) as a base fertilizer to be applied to the soil surface, then rotating the field, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil to ensure that no naked fertilizer exists on the surface;
(2-2) fertilizing the tillering fertilizer; applying 55 kg/hectare of urea as a striking root and tillering fertilizer in 5-7 days of transplanting rice in the field; diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution (1500 mL/mu) 3-4 days after the closed weeding for the second time, and spraying by using an unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude;
(2-3) applying spike grain fertilizer; after 55-60 days of transplanting, pouring 2.5 leaves, peeling off the base of the main stem, seeing the internode of the base and seeing the formation of 0.5cm white young ears, and applying 45 kg/hectare of potassium chloride as a grain fertilizer of the ears; 4-5 days later, microalgae biological nutrient solution (1500 mL/acre) is added to the water inlet of the paddy field for irrigation.
The microalgae biological nutrient solution used in the embodiment is blue algae: the ratio of the photosynthetic nutrient green algae is 1: 1.
example 4
(1) Managing a seedling bed: additionally applying microalgae biological nutrient solution on the basis of fertilizing a seedling bed;
for the first time, in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, 400mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken and diluted by 500 times for 100m2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
second, using the microalgae biological nutrient solution 3 days before transplanting rice seedlings, diluting 400mL of the microalgae biological nutrient solution by 500 times for 100m2Spraying the fertilizer on the seedling bed,
(2) the Honda management method comprises the following steps:
(2-1) before field soaking and soil preparation, 150 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer (14:15:10) is selected and applied to the soil surface as base fertilizer, and then the soil is rotated to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil, so that no naked fertilizer exists on the surface of the soil;
(2-2) fertilizing the tillering fertilizer; applying 40 kg/hectare of urea as a striking root and tillering fertilizer in 5-7 days of transplanting rice in the field; diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) 3-4 days after the closed weeding for the second time, and spraying by using an unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude;
(2-3) applying spike grain fertilizer; after 55-60 days of transplanting, pouring 2.5 leaves, peeling off the base of the main stem, seeing the internode of the base and seeing the formation of 0.5cm white young ears, and applying 40 kg/hectare of potassium chloride as a grain fertilizer of the ears; after 4-5 days, microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) is added to the water inlet of the paddy field for irrigation.
The microalgae biological nutrient solution used in the embodiment is blue algae: the ratio of the photosynthetic nutrient green algae is 1: 1.
example 5
5.1 investigation of the effects on Rice seedlings
Through field tests, the plant height, stem base width, root-crown ratio, appearance and seedling stage diseases of seedlings applied with the microalgae biological nutrient solution and conventionally treated seedlings are relatively researched, and the application effect of the invention is clear.
The method is carried out in Wuchang city of Heilongjiang province in 2020, the soil is meadow paddy soil, and the rice seeds are rice seeds with the fragrance of No. 2 rice flowers. Summary of the test: organic matter content is 1.88%, quick-acting nitrogen is 56.8mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus is 18.8mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium is 205mg/kg/pH value is 7.62. Each treatment was sown at day 16 of 4 months and emerged at day 23 of 4 months. The experiment was performed in a randomized block format, set to 5 treatments, and repeated 3 times. Each treatment area is 30m2. Except different test factors, other farming operations are carried out according to the conventional cultivation technical rules.
Treatment 1: blue algae 200mL/100m2(ii) a Managing a seedling bed, and diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution by 500 times (respectively applying the microalgae biological nutrient solution in two periods of after secondary sealing and in an elongation stage);
and (3) treatment 2: photosynthetic nutrient green algae 200mL/100m2(ii) a Seedling bed management, microalgae biological nutrient solution is diluted by 500 times (respectively after secondary sealing and in jointing stage)Two phase administration);
and (3) treatment: blue algae 100mL + photosynthetic nutrient green algae 100mL/100m2(ii) a Managing a seedling bed, and diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution by 500 times (respectively applying the microalgae biological nutrient solution in two periods of after secondary sealing and in an elongation stage);
and (4) treatment: blue algae 200mL/100m2+ 200mL/100m photosynthetic nutritious green alga2(ii) a Managing a seedling bed, and diluting the microalgae biological nutrient solution by 500 times (respectively applying the microalgae biological nutrient solution in two periods of after secondary sealing and in an elongation stage);
and (4) treatment 5: CK clear water 200mL/100m2(ii) a And (4) managing the rice seedling field, and applying the same amount of clear water (respectively after secondary sealing and in the jointing stage).
After 20 days of sowing, seedlings in an area of 10cm multiplied by 10cm are taken, and the height and the root length of the seedlings are measured by a ruler; measuring the width of the stem base by using a vernier caliper; measuring the fresh weight of the overground part, the fresh weight of the roots, the dry weight of the underground part and the fresh weight of the underground part by using a ten-thousandth balance; calculating the root-crown ratio; and (5) detecting the occurrence condition of diseases in the seedling stage.
TABLE 1 influence of microalgae biological nutrient solution on rice emergence rate and emergence speed
Regarding the rate of emergence, as shown in table 1, the microalgae biological nutrient solution has a promoting effect on the rate of emergence of rice, and the rate of emergence can be improved by applying the cyanobacteria and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae alone compared with the blank group, but the rate of emergence of the invention reaches 98.4% after applying the cyanobacteria and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae in a mixed manner (treatment 4), and can be obviously improved compared with applying the cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic nutrient green algae and the blank group alone.
Regarding the seed rot rate, as shown in table 1, the microalgae biological nutrient solution can reduce the seed rot rate of rice seedlings, wherein the seed rot rate of bacteria is reduced compared with that of the blank group by applying the cyanobacteria and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae alone, while the seed rot rate of the invention is reduced to 1.58% after applying the cyanobacteria and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae in a mixed manner (treatment 4), and the seed rot rate can be significantly reduced compared with that of the cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic nutrient green algae and the blank group (9.72%) by applying the cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic nutrient green algae alone.
Regarding the rice seedling emergence speed, as shown in table 1, the seedling emergence rate is greatly improved after the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae are mixed and applied (treatment 4) in the invention, the seedling emergence rate in 3 days is 35.71%, the seedling emergence rate in 5 days is 73.42%, and the seedling emergence rate in 7 days is 92.65%, which is remarkably faster than that in a blank group, and is also remarkably faster than that in the case of singly applying the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae, so that the synergistic effect is generated.
TABLE 2 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on plant height of rice seedlings
As shown in Table 2, the plant height of the rice seedlings is greatly increased after the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae are mixed and applied (treatment 4), the average plant height of the rice seedlings reaches 11.10cm, is 2.48cm higher than that of a blank group, is remarkably higher than that of the blank group and is also remarkably higher than that of other treatment groups, and therefore, the synergistic effect is generated.
TABLE 3 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on the width of the stem base of rice seedlings
The stem base width can reflect the robustness of the seedling, the thicker and wider the base of the stem, the greener the color and luster, and the stronger the seedling, which is an important index of the stress resistance of the plant. As shown in Table 3, after the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae are mixed and applied (treatment 4), the stem base width of the rice seedlings is increased by 0.51mm compared with the blank group and reaches 2.54mm, the stem base width is remarkably superior to that of the blank group and is also remarkably superior to that of other treatment groups, so that the synergistic effect is generated, and the survival rate of rice seedlings can be effectively improved.
TABLE 4 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on the dry matter accumulation and root-crown ratio of rice seedlings
The higher the ratio of the root to the cap, the more vigorous the root system growth, and can create good growth conditions for rice seedlings. As shown in Table 4, the root-crown ratio of the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae after mixed application (treatment 4) reaches 0.76, which is greatly superior to that of the blank group and other treatment groups, thereby generating a synergistic effect and obviously promoting the root-crown ratio of rice seedlings.
TABLE 5 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on rice seedling and root
| Treatment of | Root volume (cm)3) | Root length (cm) | Root number (strip) |
| 1 | 0.85bB | 8.06aA | 9.23aA |
| 2 | 0.92bB | 7.68bB | 8.30bB |
| 3 | 1.15abB | 8.06abAB | 8.42bB |
| 4 | 1.28aA | 8.56aA | 9.45aA |
| 5(CK) | 0.68cC | 7.0lcC | 7.50cC |
The rice seedling root system plays an important role in obtaining resources such as underground water, nutrients and the like, and is an important channel for obtaining underground resources. As shown in Table 5, the volume of the rice root after the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae are mixed and applied (treatment 4) is the maximum and reaches 1.28cm3The synergistic effect is greatly superior to that of a blank group and is also superior to that of other treatment groups, so that the synergistic effect is generated, and the root system development of rice seedlings is obviously promoted.
TABLE 6 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on rice seedling diseases
As shown in Table 6, after the blue algae and the photosynthetic nutrient green algae are mixed and applied (treatment 4), the incidence rate of the bacterial wilt is reduced to 0.45%, the incidence rate of the bacterial wilt is reduced to 0.5%, the bacterial wilt is remarkably superior to that of a blank group and is also remarkably superior to that of other treatment groups, so that a synergistic effect is generated, and a certain inhibition effect is achieved on diseases in a rice seedling stage.
5.2 investigating the influence on the growth and yield of the rice field
The rice seedlings of the treatment groups 1 to 5 cultivated in example 5.1 were transplanted into the field, and the names of treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 5 were used correspondingly.
Treatment groups 1-4: before field preparation in a field soaking way, 150 kg/hectare of compound fertilizer (14:15:10) is selected and used as base fertilizer to be applied to the soil surface, and then the soil is revolved to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil, so that no naked fertilizer exists on the surface of the soil;
applying 50 kg/hectare of urea as a striking root and tillering fertilizer in 5-7 days of transplanting rice in the field; diluting microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) 3-4 days after the second sealing, and spraying by using an unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude;
and after 55-60 days of transplanting, pouring 2.5 leaves, stripping off the base of the main stem, seeing that the internode of the base part can be seen, and seeing that 0.5cm white young ears are formed, applying 40 kg/hectare of potassium chloride as ear grain fertilizer, and applying microalgae biological nutrient solution (400 mL/mu) to a water inlet of a paddy field for irrigating after 4-5 days.
Treatment group 5: and replacing the microalgae biological nutrient solution used in the treatment groups 1-4 with the same amount of water.
TABLE 7 post harvest soil assay results
The test result shows that the method has an improvement effect on the soil, particularly improves the content of organic matters and nitrogen in the soil and the pH value of the soil, wherein the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil treated by the method 4 is the highest and is improved by 30 percent compared with that treated by the method 5.
TABLE 8 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on rice tillering
The test result shows that the method of the invention uses the active microalgae to promote the tillering of the rice, and particularly has obvious effect on improving the effective tillering of the rice, wherein the effective tillering number of the treated 4 is the highest and is improved by 12.2 percent compared with the treated 5.
TABLE 9 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on the SPAD value in the growth period
According to the result of chlorophyll investigation in the growth period, the SPAD value of microalgae treated 4 has two peaks, namely 28 days in 6 months and 22 days in 7 months, the SPAD value is at a high level and lasts for a long time during the rice booting period, the nutrient accumulation in the booting period is facilitated, the SPAD value of conventional CK has one peak, the SPAD value occurs in 12 days in 7 months, and the conventional SPAD value is always kept in a high state during the booting period.
TABLE 10 influence of Rice yield and yield-constituting factors in the maturation stage
As shown in the table above, after the microalgae biological nutrient solution is applied, the seedling quality of dry-raised thin-planted rice is improved, the green turning rate is high, the ear forming rate of the rice is improved, tillering degradation can be reduced to different degrees, tillering and ear forming are promoted, the effective ear number is increased, the seed setting rate is improved to a certain degree, the thousand kernel weight also tends to be increased, and the yield is improved, wherein the yield of the rice treated by the method 4 is increased by 7.3 percent compared with that of the rice treated by the method 5.
TABLE 11 influence of microalgae bionutrient solution on Rice quality
As shown in the table above, the indexes of the brown rice rate and the polished rice rate of the rice which is prepared by applying the microalgae by the method are slightly higher than those of the conventional rice, but the indexes are not very different, the appearance quality (comprising the length-width ratio, the oncosine degree and the oncosine rate) is changed, particularly the oncosine rate is reduced by 30.8 percent, and the difference is obvious. Amylose and protein are considered as main factors influencing the taste, the amylose content of the microalgae rice is reduced by 4.96%, the protein content is improved by 4.05%, and the taste score is 2 points higher than that of the conventional rice.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution is characterized in that the method uses the microalgae biological nutrient solution for seedling bed management, and the method uses the microalgae biological nutrient solution for field management.
2. The method for planting rice using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of seedling bed management comprises:
(1) spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the seedling bed in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, wherein the nutrient solution is sprayed every 100m2200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken from the seedling bed, diluted and sprayed;
(2) spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution 3-5 days before rice seedlings are transplanted, wherein every 100m2200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken from the seedling bed, diluted and sprayed.
3. The method for planting rice using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management comprises the following steps:
(1) after the rice is subjected to closed weeding for the second time, 400-1500 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken in each mu of field, and the microalgae biological nutrient solution is diluted and applied;
(2) and (3) taking 400-1500 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution per mu of field when the rice enters the initial stage of jointing, and applying the diluted microalgae biological nutrient solution.
4. The method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in claim 3, wherein before field preparation, a compound fertilizer is selected as a base fertilizer and applied to the soil surface, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 100-200 kg/ha.
5. The method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in claim 3, wherein before the step (1), urea is applied as green-turning and tillering fertilizer when the seedlings are transplanted in the field for 5-7 days, and the application rate of the urea is 45-55 kg/ha.
6. The method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in claim 3, wherein before the step (2), 55-60 days after transplanting rice, 2.5 leaves are poured, the base of the main stem is stripped, the internodes of the base can be seen, and when 0.5cm white young ears are formed, potassium chloride is applied as the ear grain fertilizer, and the application concentration of the potassium chloride is 35-45 kg/ha.
7. The method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the microalgae biological nutrient solution is blue algae and/or photosynthetic nutrient green algae.
8. The method for planting rice by using the microalgae biological nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the microalgae biological nutrient solution is blue algae and photosynthetic nutritious green algae, and the ratio of the blue algae to the photosynthetic nutritious green algae is 1: 0.5 to 2.
9. A method for raising rice seedlings by using microalgae biological nutrient solution is characterized in that the method uses the microalgae biological nutrient solution for managing rice seedling beds.
10. A method of growing rice seedlings using microalgae biological nutrient solution according to claim 9, wherein the step of managing the rice seedling bed includes:
(1) spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution to the seedling bed in the period of one leaf and one heart of rice, wherein the nutrient solution is sprayed every 100m2200-400 mL of microalgae biological nutrient solution is taken from the seedling bed, diluted and sprayed;
(2) spraying microalgae biological nutrient solution 3-5 days before rice seedlings are transplanted, wherein every 100m2The seedling bed takes 200-400 mL of microalgaeDiluting the biological nutrient solution and spraying.
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