CN110547162A - Nutrient regulation and control method for improving taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Nutrient regulation and control method for improving taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110547162A CN110547162A CN201910917826.7A CN201910917826A CN110547162A CN 110547162 A CN110547162 A CN 110547162A CN 201910917826 A CN201910917826 A CN 201910917826A CN 110547162 A CN110547162 A CN 110547162A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
A nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of saline-alkali soil rice. The method relates to a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor quality and taste quality of the existing rice in the saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, spreading base fertilizer before transplanting rice seedlings; supplementing medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in a fertilizer transferring mode before transplanting seedlings; thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer after transplanting rice seedlings; fourthly, applying a pregnant spike fertilizer; and fifthly, spraying medium-trace nutrient element fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the rice in the flowering and fruiting period to complete nutrient regulation. The brown rice rate of the rice cultivated by the method is reduced by 1.9-3.1 percent, and the polished rice rate is improved by 2.0-13.6 percent; the protein content of the rice is improved by 14.3-97.1 percent, and the amylose content is improved by 5.5-64.2 percent. The taste value is improved by 3.0 to 10.4 percent. Can be used in the field of saline-alkali soil rice cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nutrient regulation and control method for improving the nutrition and taste quality of rice, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting.
Background
the method for planting rice is an important method for biologically improving saline-alkali soil, and by utilizing the characteristics of saline-alkali resistance of rice and the principle of water pressure salt, the method not only can effectively control saline-alkali soil, but also has the important functions of increasing the grain yield and improving the ecological environment. Soda saline-alkali soil in the west of China northeast Songxing plain has the potential of large-scale rice planting development, Jilin province ranks the soda saline-alkali soil as an important base for increasing grain yield by billions jin, and more than 400 mu of a saline-alkali soil rice field is developed.
The method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil is the same as the conventional method for rice fields in non-saline-alkali soil, wherein nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for rice is mostly adopted as base fertilizer for deep application during fertilization, the green turning, tillering and booting fertilizers are applied by ammonium sulfate or urea on the surface, the fertilizer consumption is not different from that of the rice fields in the non-saline-alkali soil, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is generally 180-300 kg/ha, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer consumption is respectively 70-120 kg/ha. Due to the large input of chemical fertilizers, the yield of the paddy in the saline-alkali soil is increased remarkably, but the quality, particularly the taste quality is poor, for example, excessive nitrogen application causes the rice to be green and late maturing, the chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree are increased, the glue consistency is shortened, and the rice becomes hard; too high potassium content, poor rice palatability, etc. How to realize high quality and high yield of saline-alkali soil rice by cultivation measures such as nutrient scientific management and the like is an important technical problem to be solved urgently in production.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention provides a nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of saline-alkali soil rice, aiming at solving the technical problems of poor quality and taste quality of the prior saline-alkali soil rice.
the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil is carried out according to the following steps:
Spreading a base fertilizer in a rice field of a saline-alkali land 7-10 days before transplanting rice, carrying out rotary tillage to a soil layer of 15-20 cm, soaking the field and harrowing, wherein the base fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer or a special fertilizer for rice, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 75-90 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, the application amount of a phosphate fertilizer in terms of P 2 O 5 is 60-75 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in terms of K 2 O is 50-60 kg/ha;
Dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water 3-5 days before rice seedlings are transplanted to obtain a seedbed nutrient solution, uniformly spraying the seedbed nutrient solution to the seedbed of the rice seedlings in a seedling root irrigation mode, applying 4-5 liters of seedbed nutrient solution to each square meter of seedbed, and watering every other day after spraying; ensuring the seedling root system to fully absorb the nutrient solution;
thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer 10-15 days after transplanting, wherein the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is 45-60 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen;
after 45-50 days of transplanting, topdressing a pregnant spike fertilizer, wherein the pregnant spike fertilizer is a nitrogen-potassium binary compound fertilizer or a combination of urea and potassium sulfate, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 25-30 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in K 2 O is 10-15 kg/ha;
dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water to obtain a flowering phase nutrient solution in the flowering and fruiting period of rice, and spraying the flowering phase nutrient solution to a rice field in a foliar fertilizer mode, wherein 40-50 liters of the flowering phase nutrient solution is sprayed to each mu of land (1000 square meters); and the nutrient regulation and control for improving the taste and quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil are completed.
Aiming at the soil nutrient characteristics of saline-alkali soil, the invention optimizes the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage, application time and fertilizer application proportion of the paddy field of the saline-alkali soil, and the nitrogen fertilizer is about 3: 2: 1, the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is about (5-4) in proportion to the base fertilizer and the spike fertilizer: 1, effectively avoiding the salt damage of rice seedlings from aggravating due to overlarge one-time application amount of the fertilizer, and following the nutrient requirement rule of rice in different periods; supplementing magnesium-containing medium and trace nutrient elements in a mode of delivering fertilizers in the seedbed period, and ensuring that the root system can fully absorb nutrient solution; and (3) topdressing a tillering fertilizer after the rice is turned green and grows for 10-15 days after the rice is transplanted, topdressing a spike fertilizer after tillering is finished for 45-50 days after the rice is transplanted, and spraying magnesium-containing medium and trace nutrient elements on leaf surfaces of the rice in a flowering and fruiting period to promote the absorption of the stem leaves and the spike parts of the rice to the nutrient solution. In addition, the method is directly used for rice planting without modifying the land of the saline-alkali soil, and the fertilizer in different periods not only can increase the nutrition for the rice, but also can reduce the influence of saline-alkali stress on the rice.
According to the invention, the using amount of a major element of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is greatly reduced in the growth process of rice, the using amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 19.4-40%, the using amounts of a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer are reduced by 14.3-37.5%, and the cost of the fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil rice field per hectare is reduced by 500-800 yuan; meanwhile, the fertilization times and the fertilization time are optimized and adjusted, the base fertilizer is normally applied 1 month before the rice transplanting in the conventional fertilization, the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer is serious, the base fertilizer is adjusted to be applied 7-10 days before the rice transplanting, the loss of the base fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization rate of the base fertilizer is improved. The invention improves the nutrition and taste quality of the rice by optimizing the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the application time and the fertilization proportion and the synergistic effect of the magnesium-rich nutrient solution. Compared with the conventional rice cultivation method, the brown rice rate of the rice cultivated by the method is reduced by 1.9-3.1%, and the polished rice rate is improved by 2.0-13.6%; the protein content of the rice is improved by 14.3-97.1 percent, and the amylose content is improved by 5.5-64.2 percent. The taste value is improved by 3.0 to 10.4 percent.
The method has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity, convenience, practicability, low cost, remarkable synergism and important production and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the protein content, amylose content and taste value of the rice samples of example 1 and comparative test 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the protein content, amylose content and taste value of the rice samples of example 2, comparative experiment 2 and comparative experiment 3.
Detailed Description
the first embodiment is as follows: the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of the saline-alkali soil rice comprises the following steps:
Spreading a base fertilizer in a rice field of a saline-alkali land 7-10 days before transplanting, carrying out rotary tillage to a soil layer of 15-20 cm, soaking the field and harrowing, wherein the base fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer or a special fertilizer for rice, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 75-90 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, the application amount of a phosphate fertilizer in terms of P 2 O 5 is 60-75 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in terms of K 2 O is 50-60 kg/ha;
dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water 3-5 days before rice seedlings are transplanted to obtain a seedbed nutrient solution, uniformly spraying the seedbed nutrient solution to the seedbed of the rice seedlings in a seedling root irrigation mode, applying 4-5 liters of seedbed nutrient solution to each square meter of seedbed, and watering every other day after spraying to ensure that the root systems of the rice seedlings fully absorb the nutrient solution;
thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer 10-15 days after transplanting, wherein the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is 45-60 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen;
After 45-50 days of transplanting, topdressing a pregnant spike fertilizer, wherein the pregnant spike fertilizer is a nitrogen-potassium binary compound fertilizer or a combination of urea and potassium sulfate, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 25-30 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in K 2 O is 10-15 kg/ha;
Dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water to obtain a flowering phase nutrient solution in the flowering and fruiting period of rice, and spraying the flowering phase nutrient solution to a rice field in a foliar fertilizer mode, wherein 40-50 liters of the flowering phase nutrient solution is sprayed to each mu of land (1000 square meters); and the nutrient regulation and control for improving the taste and quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil are completed.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in the second embodiment is a nutrient solution containing MgO, and the mass percentage of the MgO is more than or equal to 2 percent; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first or second embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that the mass percentage of the micronutrient element fertilizer in the seedbed nutrient solution in the second step is 5-8%; the other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the mass percentage content of the micronutrient element fertilizer in the florescence nutrient solution in the fifth step is 1-3 percent; the others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to the fourth embodiments is that the spraying time of the florescence nutrient solution in the fifth step is spraying in the evening of sunny days; the other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
In the embodiment, the nutrient solution in the flowering phase can be sprayed in the evening of fine days to promote the absorption of the nutrient solution by the stem leaves and the ear heads of the rice.
the beneficial effects of the invention are verified by the following tests:
Test one: in 2017, three plots are randomly selected for testing in an ecological test station of Daan alkali land of Chinese academy of sciences, and the test is repeated for 3 times, and the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste and quality of the saline-alkali soil rice is carried out according to the following steps:
Spreading a base fertilizer in a rice field of a saline-alkali land 8 days before transplanting rice, carrying out rotary tillage to a soil layer of 15-16 cm, and carrying out field soaking and harrowing, wherein the base fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 90kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, the application amount of a phosphate fertilizer in terms of P 2 O 5 is 70kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in terms of K 2 O is 55 kg/ha;
Secondly, dissolving the soil grace in water 3 days before rice seedling transplanting according to the mass percent of the soil grace of the medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer being 5 percent to obtain a seedbed nutrient solution, uniformly spraying the seedbed nutrient solution to the rice seedling seedbed by adopting a seedling root irrigation mode, applying 5 liters of seedbed nutrient solution to each square meter of seedbed, and watering every other day after spraying; ensuring the seedling root system to fully absorb the nutrient solution; wherein the medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer is a commercial product, is a product of the Dalianya agricultural and agricultural science and technology Limited company, has medium and active magnesium element (MgO) of not less than 50 percent in the field beauty, and contains active biological stimulin, organic chelate and other effective medium and trace nutrients;
Thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer 12 days after transplanting, wherein the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is 60kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen;
Fourthly, topdressing a pregnant spike fertilizer 48 days after transplanting, wherein the pregnant spike fertilizer is a nitrogen-potassium binary compound fertilizer, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 30kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by K 2 O is 12 kg/ha;
Fifthly, in the flowering and fruiting period of the rice, dissolving the field graceful in water according to the mass percentage of 1% of the field graceful medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer to obtain a flowering period nutrient solution, spraying the flowering period nutrient solution to the rice field in a foliar fertilizer mode in the evening of sunny days, and spraying 40 liters of the flowering period nutrient solution per mu of field (1000 square meters); and the nutrient regulation and control for improving the taste and quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil are completed.
Comparative experiment 1: this test is a comparative test of example 1, and the test is the same as example 1 except that the flowering phase nutrient solution in step two and step five of example 1 is replaced with the same amount of clear water.
After the rice field is ripe, the rice ear samples of the example 1 and the comparative test 1 are respectively selected, 100 ears are randomly collected every time, air-dried and threshed, and the quality of the rice is measured after 3 months of ripening.
The results of measuring the brown rice ratio, the polished rice ratio and the polished rice ratio of the rice samples of example 1 and comparative test 1 showed that the brown rice ratio of the rice sample of example 1 was decreased by 3.1%, the polished rice ratio was increased by 2.9% and the polished rice ratio was increased by 13.6% compared to the rice sample of comparative test 1.
The results of the protein content and amylose content measurements of the rice samples of example 1 and comparative test 1 are shown in FIG. 1. it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the rice sample of example 1 has an increased protein content of 82.5% and an increased amylose content of 30.7% compared to the rice sample of comparative test 1. The taste values of the rice samples in the example 1 and the comparative test 1 were tested according to GB/T15682 sensory evaluation method for inspecting the cooking quality of rice and rice by grain, and the results are also shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the taste value of the rice sample in the example 1 is improved by 3.0% compared with the taste value of the rice sample in the comparative test 1, and the rice quality improvement effect is remarkable.
example 2: in 2018, three plots are randomly selected for testing in an ecological test station of Daan alkali land of Chinese academy of sciences, and the test is repeated for 3 times, and the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste and quality of the saline-alkali soil rice is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, spreading a base fertilizer in a saline-alkali soil rice field 10 days before transplanting, carrying out rotary tillage to a soil layer of 15-18 cm, and carrying out field soaking and harrowing, wherein the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for rice, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the special fertilizer for rice is 80kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, the application amount of a phosphate fertilizer in terms of P 2 O 5 is 70kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in terms of K 2 O is 50 kg/ha;
secondly, dissolving the soil grace in water according to the mass percentage of 8 percent of the soil grace of the medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in 5 days before the rice seedling of Donggao No. 4 is transplanted to obtain a seedbed nutrient solution, uniformly spraying the seedbed nutrient solution to the seedbed of the rice seedling by adopting a seedling root irrigation mode, applying 5 liters of seedbed nutrient solution to each square meter of seedbed, and watering every other day after spraying; ensuring the seedling root system to fully absorb the nutrient solution; thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer 14 days after transplanting, wherein the tillering fertilizer is urea, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 50 kg/ha;
After 50 days of transplanting, topdressing a pregnant spike fertilizer, wherein the pregnant spike fertilizer is a combination of urea and potassium sulfate, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 25kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by K 2 O is 12 kg/ha;
Fifthly, in the flowering and fruiting period of the rice, dissolving the field graceful in water according to the mass percentage of 3% of the field graceful micronutrient element fertilizer to obtain a flowering period nutrient solution, spraying the flowering period nutrient solution to a rice field in a foliar fertilizer mode in the evening of sunny days, and spraying 50 liters of the nutrient solution per mu of field (1000 square meters); and the nutrient regulation and control for improving the taste and quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil are completed.
comparative experiment 2: this test is a comparative test of example 2, in which the same amount of clear water was used instead of the flowering-phase nutrient solution in step five of example 2, and the rest was the same as example 2.
Comparative experiment 3: the test is a comparative test of example 2, the test is to replace the flowering phase nutrient solution in the fifth step of example 2 with an equal amount of common foliar fertilizer containing a trace element Zn, and the rest is the same as example 2.
After the rice field is ripe, the rice ear samples of the example 2, the comparative experiment 2 and the comparative experiment 3 are respectively selected, 100 ears are randomly collected each time, air-dried and threshed, and the quality of the rice is measured after 3 months of ripening.
the results of measuring the brown rice ratio and the polished rice ratio of the rice samples of example 2, comparative test 2 and comparative test 3 show that the brown rice ratio of the rice sample of example 2 is reduced by 2.0% and 1.9% respectively, and the polished rice ratio of the rice sample of comparative test 2 and comparative test 3 is improved by 3.1% and 2.0% respectively.
the results of the measurement of the protein content and the amylose content of the rice samples of comparative tests 2 and 3 of example 2 are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the protein content of the rice sample of example 2 is increased by 14.3% and 97.1% and the amylose content of the rice sample of comparative tests 2 and 3 is increased by 5.5% and 64.2%, respectively. The taste values of the rice samples of example 1 and comparative test 1 were tested according to GB/T15682 sensory evaluation method for inspecting the eating quality of rice and rice cooked by grain, and the results are also shown in FIG. 2. from FIG. 2, it can be seen that the taste values of the rice sample of example 1 are respectively improved by 10.4% and 6.4% compared with the taste value of the rice sample of comparative test 1, and the rice quality improvement effect is significant.
Claims (5)
1. a nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of saline-alkali soil rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Spreading a base fertilizer in a rice field of a saline-alkali land 7-10 days before transplanting, carrying out rotary tillage to a soil layer of 15-20 cm, soaking the field and harrowing, wherein the base fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer or a special fertilizer for rice, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 75-90 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen, the application amount of a phosphate fertilizer in terms of P 2 O 5 is 60-75 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in terms of K 2 O is 50-60 kg/ha;
dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water 3-5 days before rice seedlings are transplanted to obtain a seedbed nutrient solution, uniformly spraying the seedbed nutrient solution to the seedbed of the rice seedlings in a seedling root irrigation mode, applying 4-5 liters of seedbed nutrient solution to each square meter of seedbed, and watering every other day after spraying;
Thirdly, topdressing a tillering fertilizer 10-15 days after transplanting, wherein the tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is 45-60 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen;
after 45-50 days of transplanting, topdressing a pregnant spike fertilizer, wherein the pregnant spike fertilizer is a nitrogen-potassium binary compound fertilizer or a combination of urea and potassium sulfate, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer in the pregnant spike fertilizer calculated by pure nitrogen is 25-30 kg/ha, and the application amount of a potassium fertilizer in K 2 O is 10-15 kg/ha;
Dissolving a medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in water to obtain a flowering phase nutrient solution in the flowering and fruiting period of rice, and spraying the flowering phase nutrient solution to a rice field in a foliar fertilizer mode, wherein 40-50 liters of the flowering phase nutrient solution is sprayed per mu of the field; and the nutrient regulation and control for improving the taste and quality of the rice in the saline-alkali soil are completed.
2. the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium and trace nutrient element fertilizer in the second step is a nutrient solution containing MgO, and the mass percentage of MgO is more than or equal to 2%.
3. The nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass percentage of the micronutrient element fertilizer in the seedbed nutrient solution in the step two is 5-8%.
4. the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass percentage of the micronutrient element fertilizer in the nutrient solution in the flowering phase in the step five is 1-3%.
5. the nutrient regulation and control method for improving the taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spraying time of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase in the step five is spraying at the evening of a sunny day.
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| CN113348998A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-07 | 孟凡友 | Method for planting rice by using microalgae biological nutrient solution |
| CN114503891A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for improving taste of rice by precisely applying panicle fertilizer based on N supply capacity of soil |
| CN115500225A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region |
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