CN102823371A

CN102823371A - Crop regulation technique

Info

Publication number: CN102823371A
Application number: CN201210343302XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨中凯; 敖尔美; 杨庆林
Original assignee: 杨中凯
Priority date: 2012-09-17
Filing date: 2012-09-17
Publication date: 2012-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-17
Also published as: CN102823371B

Abstract

The invention relates to a crop regulation technique, which comprises fertilization technique regulation and cultivation technique regulation of graminaceous crops such as rice, wheat, corn, broomcorn, tobacco and vegetables among crops. The fertilization technique regulation is realized by adopting two methods, wherein one method is to apply regulating organic fertilizers at roots and keep the application rate to be 50-150kg/mu, without applying other chemical fertilizers at roots during the full growth period of the crops; and the other method is to spray foliar fertilizers with a regulation function and keep the application rate to be 0.8-1.2kg/mu in the full growth period. The cultivation technique regulation is realized through a planting method of further increasing the original conventional planting density of the crops by 10-50 percent. Since not only can the requirement on high-target production of the crops be satisfied, but also the application amount of conventional root-applied chemical fertilizers can be decreased by 50-90 percent, the crop regulation technique has the advantages that the pollution, caused by farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss, to water bodies of a river basin can be greatly reduced, and the stability of physical and chemical properties of soil and the sustainable production are maintained by additionally applying the organic fertilizers.

Description

The control technique of crops

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, it is specifically related to the control technique of the crops of crops fertilising regulation and control and planting regulation.

Background technology

Present existing agriculture production technology pattern; The not enough science of its fertilization mode, is rationally used and is mainly root to execute the amount of application of chemical fertilizer generally higher, and the absorption rate of crop is lower; And exist nitrogen and phosphorus loss serious; Cause the phenomenon of basin pollution of waterhead, make that the physical and chemical stability of soil is poor, problem that can not Sustainable Production manifests.Though the organic farming pattern is advocated and do not executed chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer, exists product yield low, quality of stability is poor, the crop pest control difficulty, and influence is large-scale to be used and promotes.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the control technique of crops of the present invention is the deficiency that exists in the existing agricultural production pattern; Thereby a kind of regulate and control method to crops fertilising, farming is proposed; It is higher fundamentally to overcome in the agricultural production process chemical fertilizer amount of application; The crop absorption rate is low, and the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss is serious, the contaminated problem in water source, basin; Change low, of poor quality, the unstable present situation of agricultural output.

The control technique of crops; It comprises the paddy rice in the gramineous crop in the crops, wheat, corn, Chinese sorghum; Fertilizer practice regulation and control of tobacco and greengrocery crop and farming technique regulation and control, one of which is carried out in the fertilizer practice regulation and control with dual mode; It is the organic manure with regulating and controlling effect that Chinese invention patent application number 201210302141.X produces that root is executed the regulation and control organic manure; Amount of application is a 50-150kg/ mu, crop in full vegetative period no longer root execute other chemical fertilizer, they are two years old; Spraying the foliar fertilizer with regulating and controlling effect is the regulation and control foliar fertilizer of producing by Chinese invention patent ZL03117933.9, and amount of application is that amount of application is a 0.8-1.2kg/ mu in total length is given birth to the phase; The farming technique regulation and control are the kind method for planting that improve the former general planting density of above-mentioned crops again 10-50%.

The regulation and control organic manure that root is executed on the described several kinds of crops is meant the organic manure production that has regulating and controlling effect by Chinese invention patent application number 201210302141.X; Meet the national Ny525-2002 of Ministry of Agriculture ministry standard; Its total nutrient is controlled to be the regulation and control organic manure of 4-10%; This kind fertilizer is to shine siccative by stalk; Detritus acid coal solarization siccative is dried to pulverize behind microbial fermentation and is obtained, and plant extracts is to be obtained through sulfuric acid and the lixiviate of nitric acid mixing diluted acid by Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lemon four plant species mixtures of materials, and the surplus auxiliary material is that inorganic soil conditioner and industrial complex fertilizer mix composition; The surplus auxiliary material is pulverized by the inorganic soil conditioner product 80-100% of GB/T624-1997 fertilizer and inorganic soil conditioner regulation with by two kinds of mixing of materials of product 0-20% of GB/5063-200 compound fertilizer regulation and is formed; Method of application is disposable employed as base fertilizer.

The said foliage fertilizer with regulating and controlling effect that sprays is the blade face conditioned fertilizer product that has the foliar fertilizer production of regulating and controlling effect by Chinese patent ZL03117933.9; This kind foliage fertilizer is by the fertile 60-70% of compound; Four kinds of bio-extract 2-10%; Surplus auxiliary material 20-30% forms, and wherein four kinds of bio-extracts are meant: ginseng and lucid ganoderma extract, crop extract, algae extract and lemon extract; Above-mentioned compound fertilizer nutrient content: nitrogen 4-15%, phosphorus pentoxide 5-12%, potassium oxide 5-15%; The surplus auxiliary material is meant the secondary nutrient element that crop is required and the summation of micro-nutrient element compound, secondary nutrient element; Sulphur 10-15%, magnesium 5-10%; Micro-nutrient element: iron 0.2-1.0%, manganese 0.2-0.5%, zinc 0.2-0.5%; Its said crops use fertile total amount to be 0.8-1.2kg/ mu in full vegetative period, and the fertilizer solution concentration that sprays that adds the water preparation is 3-5 ‰, in said crop growth period, divide the mode that sprays for 3-4 time to carry out.

Adopt the good effect of technical scheme provided by the invention to be:

Can satisfy high target production requirements such as improving crop yield and quality; Also can reduce the conventional root of industry and execute chemical fertilizer consumption 50-90%; So can fundamentally solve and reduce the problem that the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollutes the basin water body significantly, its applying more organic manure is stable and Sustainable Production in the physico chemical property of keeping soil.

Embodiment

The control technique of crops is to execute the organic manure regulation and control through root, and the regulation and control of foliage-spray regulation and control foliar fertilizer realize with the measure of farming technique increase planting density regulation and control three technology; It is to increase to use a kind ofly to produce by one Chinese patent application 201210302141.X regulation that root is executed regulation and control organic manure regulation and control, meets NY525-2

002 organic manure specification, total nutrient content are the regulation and control organic manure of 4-10%;

Organic manure amount of application with regulating and controlling effect is a 50-150kg/ mu, thereby the amount of application of control land for growing field crops chemical fertilizer is promptly no longer used other conventional chemical fertilizer and made chemical fertilizer N-P-K content and the conventional comparison of industry decrement 50-90% in the fertilising total nutrient.The regulation and control of foliage-spray regulation and control foliar fertilizer are to spray a kind of blade face conditioned fertilizer product at corps leaf surface; Promptly use the regulation and control foliar fertilizer of " foliar fertilizer " defined production of producing by ZL03117933.9 with regulating and controlling effect; Its amount of application is a 0.8-1.2kg/ mu; Adding water preparation, to spray fertilizer solution concentration be 3-5 ‰, in crop growth period, divides and carry out foliage-spray 3-4 time.The farming technique regulation and control mainly are to improve density of crop, make density of crop be higher than the planting density 10-50% of industry conventional method.

Embodiment one:

Regulation and control plantation with the wheat of gramineae farm crop north is an example:

One, root is executed the fertilizer 100kg/ mu with regulating and controlling effect, and its total nutrient nitrogen phosphorus potassium total content 4%, mu are executed total nutrient control and reached 4kg/ mu, use total nutrient (N10, P with north wheat industry routine ₂O ₅11, K ₂O8) total amount 29kg/ mu relatively accounts for 13.8% of industry routine, and amount of decrease is 86.2%, and it uses total amount for full vegetative period, and is disposable employed as base fertilizer during sowing;

Two, with the foliar fertilizer foliage-spray with regulating and controlling effect, it is 1.2kg/ mu that its total length phase of giving birth to sprays consumption, and it is 5 ‰ that preparation sprays fertilizer solution concentration, divides and carries out for three times; For the first time spray 10% of total consumption in the wheat seedling 3-4 leaf phase; Sprayed 40% of total amount for the second time at interval in 20 days; Sprayed 50% of total amount for the third time again in 20 of interval secondary days;

Three, farming technique regulation and control aspect planting density increases by 50% than general planting density.

Embodiment two:

The crops control technique is an example with the flue-cured tobacco of south plantation again:

Root is executed regulation and control: its root is executed has regulating and controlling effect organic manure 120kg/ mu, contains total nutrient (N+P ₂O ₅+ K ₂O) be 10%, mu is executed total nutrient 12kg/ mu, and executing the total nutrient amount with conventional mu is (N6.5, P ₂O ₅14, k ₂O24) total amount 44.5kg/ mu relatively accounts for 27% of the conventional total nutrient of industry, and amount of decrease is 73%; When cigarette transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, use as base fertilizer.Foliar fertilizer sprays branch to carry out for four times, total amount of application 1.0kg/ mu, and adding water preparation spray liquid concentration is 4 ‰, the time that sprays carried out in transplanting in back 7 days for the first time; Spraying for the second time 15 days time intervals carries out; The time that sprays for the third time carried out at interval in 15 days again; The time that sprays for the 4th time carried out at interval in 20 days again; Use for the first time 10% of total amount; Use for the second time 20% of total amount; Use 35% of total amount for the third time; Use 35% of total amount the 4th time; Farming technique regulation and control aspect: on general planting density basis, increase planting density 10%.

Embodiment three:

Farming is that control technique is an example with north Chinese cabbage:

Root is executed the organic manure 150kg/ mu with the effect of control accent, its total nutrient (N+P ₂O ₅+ K ₂O) be 8%, the total nutrient level is a 12kg/ mu, executes total nutrient (N25, P with the conventional mu of industry ₂O ₅7, k ₂O24) amount accounts for 21% of the conventional total nutrient of industry for 56kg/ mu compares, and amount of decrease is 79%; It is disposable employed when transplanting the land for growing field crops, to make base fertilizer; The foliage fertilizer regulation and control: foliar fertilizer sprays branch to carry out for four times, sprays seedling stage for the first time, by spraying 0.05kg on every mu of nursery with seedling amount number, land for growing field crops; In transplanting time the last week, use, field period sprays three times, transplants spray in back 7 days once; Fertilizer application amount is a 0.25kg/ mu, sprays secondary in 15 days at interval, with fertile 0.3kg/ mu; Sprayed for the third time fertilizer application amount 0.4kg/ mu, four total fertilizer application amount 1.0kg/ mus in 20 days at interval again; Farming technique regulation and control aspect; On general planting density basis, increase planting density 20%.

Claims

1. the control technique of crops, it comprises the paddy rice in the grass family cereal crops in the crops, wheat and corn, Chinese sorghum, fertilizer practice regulation and control of tobacco and greengrocery crop and farming technique regulation and control; It is characterized in that: the fertilizer practice regulation and control are carried out with dual mode; One of which, root are executed the regulation and control organic manure, and amount of application is a 50-150kg/ mu; The crop total length is given birth in the phase no longer root and is executed other chemical fertilizer; Its two, blade face regulation and control spray the foliage fertilizer with regulating and controlling effect, amount of application is that amount of application is a 0.8-1.2kg/ mu in total length is given birth to the phase; The farming technique regulation and control are the kind method for planting that improve the former general planting density of above-mentioned crops again 10-50%.

2. the control technique of crops according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the regulation and control organic manure that root is executed on the described several kinds of crops is meant the organic manure with regulating and controlling effect that meets the national Ny525-2002 of Ministry of Agriculture ministry standard; This kind fertilizer is to be organic fermentation compound of 80-90% by percentage by weight; The plant extracts of 1-2%, the auxiliary material of content 8-19% is formed; Wherein organic fermentation compound is by shining siccative as stalk; Detritus acid coal shines siccative dries the pulverizing acquisition behind microbial fermentation; Plant extracts is to be obtained through sulfuric acid and the lixiviate of nitric acid mixing diluted acid by Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, lemon four plant species compounds, and auxiliary material is that inorganic soil conditioner and industrial complex fertilizer mix composition; Method of application is disposable employed as base fertilizer.

3. the control technique of crops according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said foliage fertilizer that sprays with regulating and controlling effect; This kind foliage fertilizer is by the fertile 60-70% of compound; Four kinds of bio-extract 2-10%, surplus auxiliary material 20-30% forms, and wherein four kinds of bio-extracts are meant: ginseng and lucid ganoderma extract, crop extract, algae extract and lemon extract; Its said crops in full vegetative period used fertile total amount be 0.8-12kg/ mu, the fertilizer solution concentration that sprays that adds water preparation is 3-5 ‰, in said crop growth period, divides the mode that sprays for 3-4 time to carry out.