CN102498919A - Wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase - Google Patents
Wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase, which includes tertiary balanced fertilization, root promotion and tiller reduction for seedling strengthening, and leaf conservation and stem control for ear promoting. The method is mainly characterized by dialectically treating light-temperature change according to current situations of natural climate change, taking advantage of light-temperature change to regulate growth and development of wheat, and positively converting 'uncontrollable' light-temperature meteorological factors into 'usable' wheat production increase factors. The method can be used for guiding continuous production increase for medium and high yield fields and can also be used for guiding high-yield fields to achieve super high yield. The method is applicable to achievement of high field of multi-spike cultivars, and is also applicable to achievement of high yield of large-grain-size cultivars. The method is applicable to timely seeding for achieving high yield and is also applicable to proper late sowing for achieving high yield. The method is applicable to focusing on spike number per mu to achieve high yield, and is also applicable to attaching equal importance to spike, grain and weight to achieve high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wheat cultivating method in the agricultural production.
Background technology
The evolving development of China's Wheat Production shows, improves wheat yield, and the culture technique system of a cover science must be arranged.In the early days of foundation, wheat yield is very low, and main cause is that working condition is poor, and the water base plinth of clay fertilizer is weak.For this reason, emphasis carry out to enlarge irrigate, improve the soil, measure such as culture fertility.Be accompanied by the clay fertilizer water condition and improve, the approach of mu spike number is taked suitably to increase in the culture technique aspect, has realized that the wheat low yield produces in becoming.Afterwards, along with the mu spike number increases, cause that the field is strongly fragrant covers, lodging is dangerous to strengthen, and Wheat Production is difficult to continue to increase production with the mu spike number.To the problems referred to above, culture technique is explored innovation again, and having occurred with main attack fringe grain heavily is the multiple cultivation mode of cultivation approach, has successfully solved to produce in the wheat to uprise product, causes the Yellow River-Huai River region wheat yield to step up the new step of per mu yield 500kg.Again afterwards, along with the productivity development, required wheat yield to cross over 600kg/ mu.To this target, the heavy culture technique of main attack fringe grain is difficult to gather effect.Some experts have proposed the high-yield culturing theory of storehouse, source mobile equilibrium, but unresolved corresponding culture technique system is crossed over the target of 600kg/ mu and failed so far to realize.
One of inventor Zhang Enxiang discloses a kind of cultivation method of wheat increase yield in the patent No. 2006100455479 " wheat two-wire Precision Seeding method and Precision Seeding machine " patent of invention.This method is that the root discharging tube of two original dense planting laterally is installed in each plough of wheat precision seeding machine, and about seeding spacing 5cm, each plough Precision Seeding simultaneously two row seeds change the delegation of original dense planting into two row during sowing.This know-why is to melt wheat " Precision Seeding high yield " and " dense planting high yield " principle in one, and seeding is done from the field, through " a ditch two-wire " mode; Widen sown scope, strengthen spacing in the rows, satisfy the amount of broadcasting; Ask rare in close, optimize colony, promote individual; Can be looser with what distribute with the amount seed, wheat is gone up at every " single line " and is realized light seeding and Precision Seeding, reaches rational close planting by two " single line " combination again; Set up the loose population distribution framework in above and below ground simultaneously; Can reduce between the individual plant and vie each other, can make full use of the above and below ground resource again, can also appropriateness increase canopy and enlarge root mass; And striven for initiatively for implementing other cultivation step; Better solve the contradiction that increases spike number and increase the fringe weight, High-yield Wheat is increased production about 15% again, reached 600-700kg/ mu.But when great change had taken place natural climate condition, this per mu yield value was still unstable.
Many weeks, illumination and temperature are the crucial ecological factors that the restriction wheat growth is grown.At present, global atmosphere warms, and causes the effective active accumulated temperature of winter wheat between breeding time to increase, and effectively light application time prolongs, and has obviously changed many conventional physiology processes in the wheat growth growth.Through community survey, experimental study and analysis in Tai'an, Shandong Province; From the sixties in 20th century so far; Tai'an area wheat is fitted date of seeding and has been postponed about 12 days, and the phase of surviving the winter postponed about 15 days, and the time of surviving the winter shortened about 30 days; Panicle spike primordium differentiation stage shifted to an earlier date about 16 days after year, had shifted to an earlier date flowering stage about 12 days.The variation of above-mentioned natural conditions causes wheat seedling phase and overwintering period developmental process to be accelerated, and the time of tillering shortens, and can help extraneous root control tiller; Spring ear differentiation early, the flowering and grouting phase, it was heavy to help increasing the fringe grain in advance.But these favorable factors need the cooperation competence exertion of culture technique to come out.
Past people is regarded the light temperature as can not regulate and control meteorological factor, in wheat cultivation, it is taked passive adaptation measure more.For example, the wheat fertilizing scheme of current trend is all calculated according to the wheat yield index its demand to N, P, K to resemble the effect that the factor is improved wheat self function and ignored the light wet, has caused that fertilizing amount is big, availability is low, environmental pollution heavily waits drawback.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the present situation that changes naturally according to weather, treat the light temperature dialectically and change, initiatively utilize the variation of light temperature to regulate and control growing of wheat; The light wet of " can not regulate and control " is resembled the wheat increase yield factor that the factor actively is converted into " can be utilized ", on the basis of two-wire Precision Seeding, propose the wheat cultivating method of the complete stable per mu yield of a cover, be called wheat light temperature yield-increasing cultivation method.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises that ternary balance fertilizing, extraneous root subtract tiller strong sprout, protect the short fringe of leaf control stem; Wherein
Described ternary balance fertilizing: be meant the N, P, the K element that contain in the fertilizer.
The concrete grammar of ternary balance fertilizing is: at first according to the wheat yield index request, select the chemical fertilizer material formula according to soil regime, according to the principle of nutritive element balance, calculate N, P, K consumption; Calculate the usage amount of chemical fertilizer according to N, P, K consumption; Then fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are arranged in pairs or groups, during collocation, reduce half to the calculating usage amount of inorganic fertilizer, reduce the back and replenish with bio-bacterial manure; The bio-bacterial manure magnitude of recruitment should equal to subtract the magnitude of value of executing inorganic fertilizer by value calculation; N in three element fertilizers is fertile and bio-bacterial manure will be divided into base fertilizer and the administered twice of topdressing of turning green.
Ternary technique of balanced fertilizer principle is, executes bio-bacterial manure and activates and improve wheat and utilize the self-ability of light temperature to improve output through increasing.Adopt the ternary technique of balanced fertilizer, subtract and execute chemical fertilizer, increase and execute bio-bacterial manure, do not increase production cost, but can significantly improve wheat yield and improve the ecological environment.
2, extraneous root subtracts tiller strong sprout: extraneous root is meant that wheat is at vegetative growth phase; Make full use of the environmental condition of intensification and warm winter, take corresponding measure, suppress wheat tillering; Promote root growth; Wheat seeding has 15 left and right sides secondary roots before striving surviving the winter, overwintering period 8 left and right sides secondary roots of regenerating, and the own secondary root of each one-tenth fringe tiller all reaches more than 10 during to jointing.Subtract tiller and be meant that the preceding wheat stem of surviving the winter grows 6 leaves, three big two little five tillers are arranged, the back of turning green is few tillers, and strives not taking place 3 grades of tillers.
The concrete grammar that extraneous root subtracts tiller is: (1) is selected well developed root system and the weak wheat breed of tillering ability for use; Select for use growth regulator such as paclobutrazol to dress seed when (2) sowing, or after tri-leaf period, spray; (3) in good time late sowing, promptly doomsday in autumn mean temperature of air is 16.5 ℃, is sowing time when effective accumulated temperature 650 is spent; (4) take the circumstances into consideration suppression, promptly wheat seeding if the arid of chance or table soil are dry, when the wheat secondary root has " hanging dried " possible, was promptly suppressed after tri-leaf period; (5) water the water of surviving the winter, water in real time, be beneficial to warm winter promotion root growth according to the winter preclimax and the growth of cereal crop seedlings.(6) impose bio-bacterial manure, promptly wheat is turned green the back if ground moistening can borrow moisture in the soil to impose bio-bacterial manure, and the time is more early good more, draws hoe after executing and buries; If antecedent soil moisture then can not impose.
Above-mentioned extraneous root subtracts the tiller measure in strong sprout, and with traditional wheat cultivation compared with techniques, innovative point is: (1) overwintering period promotes root growth, rather than promotes to tiller, and root is strong just to be calculated strong sprout; (2) standard in strong sprout is that the many tillers of root are few, and the dark tiller of root is strong.
4, protect the short fringe of leaf control stem: specifically protect leaf and be meant, one will control the blade appearance, keeps the desired reasonable leaf-area coefficient of super high-yielding colony; Two will protect three leaves on the plant, prolong the green leaf function phase between the pustulation period; The control stem is meant that one will guarantee the necessary mu of super high-yielding spike number, and two will control length of internode and cane height; Short fringe is meant that one will promote tillering tassel to catch up with the stem fringe, and it is even to reach the neat fringe of fringe; Two will improve the dump ability of photosynthetic product, realize that the big grain of fringe is heavy.
The concrete way of protecting the short fringe of leaf control stem is: (1) is executed jointing rich water ingeniously, and promptly the jointing initial stage meets arid or colony and topdresses when less than normal and water, and when the normal and colony of weather is suitable, should refertilizes in jointing mid-term or latter stage and water; Topdress and impose the fertile and bio-bacterial manure of N when watering earlier and rewater; (2) water and choose flag-grouting water, promptly the wheatland that waters of jointing initial stage should in time water and choose flag water, and according to soil moisture content in flowering stage or bloom and water flowering water about 1 week of back; The wheatland that the jointing middle and later periods waters, water the booting stage before should after choosing flag, blooming, and look soil moisture content and after blooming, water pulp-water about first quarter moon; (3) choose flag to the pustulation period, spray foliage fertilizer and hormone again, prevent greenery early ageing, improve photosynthetic function.
The principle of protecting the short fringe of leaf control stem is that consideration improvements in spring characteristics early at the wheat generative growth phase, should make full use of effective light temperature resource of increase, promote wheat growth to grow along rational dynamic structure and develop.Compare with traditional planting technology, the innovation part of protecting the short fringe technology of leaf control stem is: strain number and leaf area on the unit are are looked in (1) not substance, more pay attention to their cauline leaf appearance and distribution, advocate cauline leaf " shaping of cultivating one's moral character "; (2) substance is not looked wheat leaf blade " is protected green beauty treatment ", prolongs functional period; More pay attention to activating or improving the physiological function of greenery, strengthen photosynthetic and dump ability.
Technical advantage of the present invention is:
1, practical
Through the synergy of light temperature, do not need the big input of big loose water, comparable conventional fertilizer application techniques save chemical fertilizer about 1/2 behind the ternary balance fertilizing.The principle of this technology understands once saying, measure at a glance can, method is simple, simple operation is easy to the peasant especially and accepts.
2, wide adaptability
The key of light temperature synergy high-yield culture technique is to improve the physiological inheritting potentiality of wheat, so raising the output was continued in the high-yield field in should technology both can having instructed, also can instruct the high-yield field to create super high-yielding; Both be applicable to that the multi-spike-type kind achieved higher output, be applicable to also that big material type kind achieved higher output; Both can begin sowing in good time and achieve higher output, also can achieve higher output by appropriate late sowing; Both be applicable to that a main attack mu spike number achieved higher output, and be applicable to also that the heavy three of fringe grain lays equal stress on to achieve higher output.
In order to verify advantage of the present invention, the inventor chooses 100 mu of wheatlands in blocks, and 100 mu of wheatlands are divided into two; One is experimental group, and one is contrast groups, and the two-wire Precision Seeding is all adopted in two fields; Wherein experimental group adopts the inventive method to manage; Contrast groups adopts conventional method to manage, from 2008-2010 long run test 3 years, and experimental result such as following table one
Table one
Can find out from table one, under equal natural conditions, utilize the inventive method to cultivate and reach about 14 than the conventional method raising the output.
Embodiment
Lift an embodiment below technical scheme of the present invention is described
Select an experiment field, plan per mu yield 650Kg, wheat breed is a continent unit 9369, is organic 15.26g/Kg through measuring soil constituent, full nitrogen 1.12g/Kg, quick-acting nitrogen 91.42mg/Kg, rapid available phosphorus 35.00mg/Kg, available potassium 95.56mg/Kg.According to the principle of ternary balance fertilizing method of the present invention and fertilizer collocation, the quantity of the fertilizer of choosing, inorganic fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure is respectively by mu: fertilizer (farmyard manure) 5600Kg; Inorganic fertilizer is the NPK potassium-ammonium phosphate, and N is 17%, P
2O
5Be 28%, K
2O is 26%, and consumption is 65Kg; Bio-bacterial manure is a biological potassium fertilizer, every mu of consumption 15-20Kg (when making base manure with fertilizer mixing ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, or 3-4Kg bacterium liquid is sprayed onto on the wheat seed).Manage according to cultivation method of the present invention then and get final product.
Claims (1)
1. a grow wheat light temperature yield-increasing cultivation method is characterized in that, it comprises that ternary balance fertilizing, extraneous root subtract tiller strong sprout and the short fringe of Bao Ye control stem; Wherein:
The concrete grammar of described ternary balance fertilizing is: at first according to the wheat yield index request, select the chemical fertilizer material formula according to soil regime, according to the principle of nutritive element balance, calculate N, P, K consumption; Calculate the usage amount of chemical fertilizer according to N, P, K consumption; Then fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are arranged in pairs or groups, during collocation, reduce half to the calculating usage amount of inorganic fertilizer, reduce the back and replenish with bio-bacterial manure; The bio-bacterial manure magnitude of recruitment should equal to subtract the magnitude of value of executing inorganic fertilizer by value calculation; N in three element fertilizers is fertile and bio-bacterial manure will be divided into base fertilizer and the administered twice of topdressing of turning green;
The concrete grammar that described extraneous root subtracts tiller strong sprout is: (1) is selected well developed root system and the weak wheat breed of tillering ability for use; Select for use growth regulator such as paclobutrazol to dress seed when (2) sowing, or after tri-leaf period, spray; (3) in good time late sowing, promptly doomsday in autumn mean temperature of air is 16.5 ℃, is sowing time when effective accumulated temperature 650 is spent; (4) take the circumstances into consideration suppression, promptly if the arid of chance or table soil are dry, the wheat secondary root has hangs driedly when possible wheat seeding, promptly suppresses after tri-leaf period; (5) water the water of surviving the winter, water in real time, be beneficial to warm winter promotion root growth according to the winter preclimax and the growth of cereal crop seedlings; (6) impose bio-bacterial manure, promptly wheat is turned green the back if ground moistening can borrow moisture in the soil to impose bio-bacterial manure, and the time is more early good more, draws hoe after executing and buries; If antecedent soil moisture then can not impose;
The concrete way of the short fringe of described guarantor's leaf control stem is: (1) is executed jointing rich water ingeniously, and promptly the jointing initial stage meets arid or colony and topdresses when less than normal and water, and when the normal and colony of weather is suitable, should refertilizes in jointing mid-term or latter stage and water; Topdress and impose the fertile and bio-bacterial manure of N when watering earlier and rewater; (2) water and choose flag-grouting water, promptly the wheatland that waters of jointing initial stage should in time water and choose flag water, and according to soil moisture content in flowering stage or bloom and water flowering water about 1 week of back; The wheatland that the jointing middle and later periods waters, water the booting stage before should after choosing flag, blooming, and look soil moisture content and after blooming, water pulp-water about first quarter moon; (3) choose flag to the pustulation period, spray foliage fertilizer and hormone again, prevent greenery early ageing, improve photosynthetic function.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN103404382A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Identification method of photoperiod sensibility quantization of wheat |
| CN104956905A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 | Scientific yield increased wheat planting method |
| CN106717843A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A kind of Wheat Haploid embryo gives birth to the cultural method of test tube seedling |
| CN108401636A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-yield fertilization method of organic oat |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103404382A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Identification method of photoperiod sensibility quantization of wheat |
| CN104956905A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 | Scientific yield increased wheat planting method |
| CN106717843A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A kind of Wheat Haploid embryo gives birth to the cultural method of test tube seedling |
| CN106717843B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-08-02 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of the raw test tube seedling of Wheat Haploid embryo |
| CN108401636A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-yield fertilization method of organic oat |
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