CN102498919B - Wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase - Google Patents
Wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase, which includes tertiary balanced fertilization, root promotion and tiller reduction for seedling strengthening, and leaf conservation and stem control for ear promoting. The method is mainly characterized by dialectically treating light-temperature change according to current situations of natural climate change, taking advantage of light-temperature change to regulate growth and development of wheat, and positively converting 'uncontrollable' light-temperature meteorological factors into 'usable' wheat production increase factors. The method can be used for guiding continuous production increase for medium and high yield fields and can also be used for guiding high-yield fields to achieve super high yield. The method is applicable to achievement of high field of multi-spike cultivars, and is also applicable to achievement of high yield of large-grain-size cultivars. The method is applicable to timely seeding for achieving high yield and is also applicable to proper late sowing for achieving high yield. The method is applicable to focusing on spike number per mu to achieve high yield, and is also applicable to attaching equal importance to spike, grain and weight to achieve high yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wheat cultivating method in the agricultural production.
Background technology
The evolving development of China's Wheat Production shows, improves wheat yield, and the culture technique system of a cover science must be arranged.In the early days of foundation, wheat yield is very low, and main cause is that working condition is poor, and the water base plinth of clay fertilizer is weak.For this reason, emphasis is carried out to enlarge and is irrigated, improves the measures such as soil, culture fertility.Be accompanied by the clay fertilizer water condition and improve, the approach of mu spike number is taked suitably to increase in the culture technique aspect, has realized that wheat low yield produces in becoming.Afterwards, along with the mu spike number increases, cause that the field is strongly fragrant covers, lodging is dangerous to strengthen, and Wheat Production is difficult to continue to increase production with the mu spike number.For the problems referred to above, culture technique is explored again innovation, has occurred take main attack fringe grain heavily as the multiple cultivation mode of cultivation approach, has solved successfully that product uprises product in the wheat, causes winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones output to step up the new step of per mu yield 500kg.Again afterwards, along with the productivity development, required wheat yield to cross over 600kg/ mu.To this target, the heavy culture technique of main attack fringe grain is difficult to gather effect.Some experts have proposed the cultivated method of storehouse, source mobile equilibrium, but unresolved corresponding culture technique system is crossed over the target of 600kg/ mu and failed so far to realize.
One of inventor Zhang Enxiang discloses a kind of cultivation method of wheat increase yield in the patent No. 2006100455479 " wheat two-wire Precision Seeding method and precision seeder " patent of invention.The method is that the root discharging tube of two original dense planting laterally is installed in each plough of wheat seed planter, and about seeding spacing 5cm, simultaneously Precision Seeding of each plough two row seeds change the delegation of original dense planting into two row during sowing.This know-why is to melt wheat " Precision Seeding high yield " and " dense planting high yield " principle in one, do from the field seeding, by " a ditch two-wire " mode, widen sown scope, strengthen spacing in the rows, satisfy the amount of broadcasting, ask rare in close, optimize colony, promote individual, can be looser with what distribute with the amount seed, wheat is realized light seeding and Precision Seeding at every " single line ", reaches rational close planting by two " single line " combination again; Set up simultaneously the loose population distribution framework in above and below ground, can reduce between the individual plant and vie each other, can take full advantage of the above and below ground resource again, can also appropriateness increase canopy and enlarge root mass, and striven for initiatively for implementing other cultivation step, better solve the contradiction that increases spike number and increase the fringe weight, High-yield Wheat is increased production about 15% again, reached 600-700kg/ mu.But when great change had occured natural climate condition, this per mu yield value was still unstable.
Many weeks, illumination and temperature are the crucial ecological factors of restriction Growth of Wheat.At present, global atmosphere warms, and causes the effective active accumulated temperature between During Growing Period of Winter Wheat to increase, and efficient light has obviously changed many conventional physiology processes in the Growth of Wheat according to time lengthening.By in Shandong Province's Taian district investigation, experimental study and analysis, from the sixties in 20th century so far, Taian district wheat suitable date of seeding, postponed about 12 days, during Wintering Period postponed about 15 days, survived the winter time shorten about 30 days, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage shifted to an earlier date about 16 days after year, had shifted to an earlier date flowering stage about 12 days.The variation of above-mentioned natural conditions causes wheat seedling phase and overwintering period developmental process to be accelerated, and the time shorten of tillering can be conducive to extraneous root control tiller; Spring ear differentiation early, the flowering and grouting phase can be conducive to increase the fringe grain heavy in advance.But the cooperation competence exertion that these favorable factors need culture technique out.
People regarded the light temperature as the meteorological factor that can not regulate and control in the past, in wheat cultivation it were taked passive adaptable measure more.For example, the wheat fertilizing scheme of current trend all calculates that according to the wheat yield index it to the demand of N, P, K, resembles the effect that the factor is improved wheat self function and ignored the light wet, has caused that fertilizing amount is large, availability is low, environmental pollution heavily waits drawback.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the present situation that naturally changes according to weather, treat the light temperature dialectically and change, initiatively utilize the variation of light temperature to regulate and control growing of wheat; The light wet of " can not regulate and control " is resembled the wheat increase yield factor that the factor actively is converted into " can be utilized ", on the basis of two-wire Precision Seeding, propose the wheat cultivating method of the complete stable per mu yield of a cover, be called wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises that ternary balance fertilizing, extraneous root subtract tiller strong sprout, protect the short fringe of leaf control stem; Wherein
Described ternary balance fertilizing: refer to N, the P, the K three elements that contain in the fertilizer.
The concrete grammar of ternary balance fertilizing is: at first according to the wheat yield index request, select the chemical fertilizer material formula according to soil regime, according to the principle of nutrient balance, calculate N, P, K consumption; Calculate the usage amount of chemical fertilizer according to N, P, K consumption; Then fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are arranged in pairs or groups, during collocation, the calculating usage amount of inorganic fertilizer is reduced half, replenish with bio-bacterial manure after reducing; The bio-bacterial manure magnitude of recruitment should equal to subtract the magnitude of value of executing inorganic fertilizer by value calculation; N in three element fertilizers is fertile and bio-bacterial manure will be divided into base fertilizer and the administered twice of topdressing of turning green.
Ternary technique of balanced fertilizer principle is that bio-bacterial manure activates and the raising wheat utilizes the self-ability of light temperature to improve output by enriching.Adopt the ternary technique of balanced fertilizer, subtract and execute chemical fertilizer, enrich bio-bacterial manure, do not increase production cost, but can significantly improve wheat yield and improve the ecological environment.
2, extraneous root subtracts tiller strong sprout: extraneous root refers to that wheat is at vegetative growth phase, take full advantage of the environmental condition of intensification and warm winter, take corresponding measure, suppress wheat tillering, promote root growth, the front wheat seeding of striving surviving the winter has 15 left and right sides secondary roots, overwintering period 8 left and right sides secondary roots of regenerating, and each becomes the own secondary root of fringe tiller all to reach more than 10 during to jointing.Subtract the tiller front wheat stem that refers to survive the winter and grow 6 leaves, three large two little five tillers are arranged, turn green rear few tillering, strive not occuring 3 grades of tillers.
The concrete grammar that extraneous root subtracts tiller is: (1) selects well developed root system and the weak wheat breed of tillering ability; Select growth regulator such as paclobutrazol to dress seed when (2) sowing, or after tri-leaf period, spray; (3) in good time late sowing, namely doomsday in autumn mean temperature of air is 16.5 ℃, is sowing time when effective accumulated temperature 650 is spent; (4) take the circumstances into consideration suppression, if namely wheat seeding is met arid or table soil is dry after tri-leaf period, when the wheat secondary root has " hanging dried " possible, firmly grasp and suppress; (5) water the water of surviving the winter, water in real time according to winter preclimax and the growth of cereal crop seedlings, be beneficial to warm winter promotion root growth.(6) impose bio-bacterial manure, if ground moistening after namely wheat is turned green can borrow moisture in the soil to impose bio-bacterial manure, the time is more early better, draws hoe after executing and buries; If antecedent soil moisture then can not impose.
Above-mentioned extraneous root subtracts the tiller measure in strong sprout, compares with traditional wheat cultivation technology, and innovative point is: (1) overwintering period promotes root growth, rather than promotes to tiller, and root is strong just to be calculated strong sprout; (2) standard in strong sprout is that the many tillers of root are few, and the dark tiller of root is strong.
4, protect the short fringe of leaf control stem: specifically protect leaf and refer to, one will control the blade appearance, keeps the desired reasonable leaf-area coefficient of Super-high-yielding colony; Two will protect three leaves on the plant, prolong the green leaf function phase between the pustulation period; The control stem refers to that one will guarantee the necessary mu of Super-high-yielding spike number, and two will control length of internode and cane height; Short fringe refers to that one will promote tillering tassel to catch up with the stem fringe, reaches the neat fringe of fringe even; Two will improve the dump ability of photosynthetic product, realize that the large grain of fringe is heavy.
The concrete way of protecting the short fringe of leaf control stem is: (1) executes jointing rich water ingeniously, and namely the jointing initial stage meets arid or colony and topdresses when less than normal and water, and when the normal and colony of weather is suitable, should refertilizes in jointing mid-term or latter stage and water; Topdress and impose first the fertile and bio-bacterial manure of N when watering and rewater; (2) water and choose flag-grouting water, namely the wheatland that waters of jointing initial stage should in time water and choose flag water, and water flowering water about 1 week in flowering stage or after blooming according to soil moisture content; The wheatland that the jointing middle and later periods waters, water the booting stage before should blooming after choosing flag, and look soil moisture content first quarter moon left and right sides irrigate in grouting time after blooming; (3) choose flag to the pustulation period, spray again foliage fertilizer and hormone, prevent greenery early ageing, improve photosynthetic function.
The principle of protecting the short fringe of leaf control stem is, considers the characteristics early that get warm again after a cold spell spring, in the Reproduction stage stage, should take full advantage of the efficient light temperature resource of increase, and wheat growth-promoting is grown along rational dynamic structure and developed.Compare with traditional planting technology, the innovation of protecting the short fringe technology of leaf control stem is: (1) not substance looks strain number and leaf area on the unit are, more payes attention to their cauline leaf appearance and distribution, advocates cauline leaf " shaping of cultivating one's moral character "; (2) substance is not looked and wheat leaf blade " is protected green beauty treatment ", the extension function phase; More pay attention to activating or improving the physiological function of greenery, strengthen photosynthetic and dump ability.
Technical advantage of the present invention is:
1, practical
By the synergy of light temperature, do not need the large input of large loose water, comparable conventional fertilizer application techniques save chemical fertilizer about 1/2 behind the ternary balance fertilizing.The principle of this technology understands once saying, measure at a glance can, method is simple, simple operation is easy to especially the peasant and accepts.
2, wide adaptability
The key of light temperature synergy high-yield culture technique is to improve the physiological inheritting potentiality of wheat, thus this technology both can instruct in the high-yield field continue volume increase, also can instruct the high-yield field to create Super-high-yielding; Both be applicable to Multi spike cultivar and achieved higher output, and also be applicable to large material type kind and achieve higher output; Both can begin sowing in good time and achieve higher output, also can achieve higher output by appropriate late sowing; Both be applicable to a main attack mu spike number and achieved higher output, and also be applicable to the heavy three of fringe grain and lay equal stress on and achieve higher output.
In order to verify advantage of the present invention, the inventor chooses 100 mu of wheatlands in blocks, 100 mu of wheatlands are divided into two, one is experimental group, and one is contrast groups, and the two-wire Precision Seeding is all adopted in two fields, wherein experimental group adopts the inventive method to manage, contrast groups adopts conventional method to manage, from 2008-2010 long run test 3 years, and experimental result such as following table one
Table one
As can be seen from Table I, under equal natural conditions, utilize the inventive method to cultivate than the conventional method volume increase and reach about 14.
Embodiment
The below illustrates technical scheme of the present invention for an embodiment
Select an experiment field, plan per mu yield 650Kg, wheat breed is continent unit 9369, soil constituent is organic 15.26g/Kg after measured, full nitrogen 1.12g/Kg, available nitrogen 91.42mg/Kg, rapid available phosphorus 35.00mg/Kg, available potassium 95.56mg/Kg.According to the principle of ternary Balanced fertilization method of the present invention and Fertilizer ratio, the quantity of the fertilizer of choosing, inorganic fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure is respectively by mu: fertilizer (farmyard manure) 5600Kg; Inorganic fertilizer is the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium potassium-ammonium phosphate, and N is 17%, P
2O
5Be 28%, K
2O is 26%, and consumption is 65Kg; Bio-bacterial manure is biological potassium fertilizer, every mu of consumption 15-20Kg (when making base manure with fertilizer mixing ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, or 3-4Kg bacterium liquid is sprayed onto on the wheat seed).Then manage according to cultivation method of the present invention and get final product.
Claims (1)
1. a wheat cultivation method using light-temperature production increase is characterized in that, it comprises that ternary balance fertilizing, extraneous root subtract tiller strong sprout, protect the short fringe of leaf control stem; Wherein:
The concrete grammar of described ternary balance fertilizing is: at first according to the wheat yield index request, select the chemical fertilizer material formula according to soil regime, according to the principle of nutrient balance, calculate N, P, K consumption; Calculate the usage amount of chemical fertilizer according to N, P, K consumption; Then fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are arranged in pairs or groups, during collocation, the calculating usage amount of inorganic fertilizer is reduced half, replenish with bio-bacterial manure after reducing; The bio-bacterial manure magnitude of recruitment should equal to subtract the magnitude of value of executing inorganic fertilizer by value calculation; N in three element fertilizers is fertile and bio-bacterial manure will be divided into base fertilizer and the administered twice of topdressing of turning green;
The concrete grammar that described extraneous root subtracts tiller strong sprout is: (1) selects well developed root system and the weak wheat breed of tillering ability; Select the growth regulator paclobutrazol to dress seed when (2) sowing, or after tri-leaf period, spray; (3) in good time late sowing, namely doomsday in autumn mean temperature of air is 16.5 ℃, is sowing time when effective accumulated temperature 650 is spent; (4) take the circumstances into consideration suppression, if namely wheat seeding is met arid or table soil is dry after tri-leaf period, the wheat secondary root has hangs driedly when possible, firmly grasps and suppresses; (5) water the water of surviving the winter, water in real time according to winter preclimax and the growth of cereal crop seedlings, be beneficial to warm winter promotion root growth; (6) impose bio-bacterial manure, if ground moistening after namely wheat is turned green can borrow moisture in the soil to impose bio-bacterial manure, the time is more early better, draws hoe after executing and buries; If antecedent soil moisture then can not impose;
The concrete way of the short fringe of described guarantor's leaf control stem is: (1) executes jointing rich water ingeniously, and namely the jointing initial stage meets arid or colony and topdresses when less than normal and water, and when the normal and colony of weather is suitable, should refertilizes in jointing mid-term or latter stage and water; Topdress and impose first the fertile and bio-bacterial manure of N when watering and rewater; (2) water and choose flag-grouting water, namely the wheatland that waters of jointing initial stage should in time water and choose flag water, and 1 week water flowering water according to soil moisture content in flowering stage or after blooming; The wheatland that the jointing middle and later periods waters, water the booting stage before should blooming after choosing flag, and look soil moisture content first quarter moon irrigate in grouting time after blooming; (3) choose flag to the pustulation period, spray again foliage fertilizer and hormone, prevent greenery early ageing, improve photosynthetic function.
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| CN103404382A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Identification method of photoperiod sensibility quantization of wheat |
| CN104956905A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-07 | 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 | Scientific yield increased wheat planting method |
| CN106717843B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-08-02 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of the raw test tube seedling of Wheat Haploid embryo |
| CN108401636A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-yield fertilization method of organic oat |
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| CN101278627A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 赵广玉 | Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat |
| CN101595792A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-09 | 沈天民 | Wheat cultivating method |
| CN101946621A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Wheat cultivation method |
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| CN101278627A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 赵广玉 | Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat |
| CN101595792A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-09 | 沈天民 | Wheat cultivating method |
| CN101946621A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Wheat cultivation method |
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| 吴宏伟 * |
| 小麦精量半精量播种高产栽培技术的应用;马继红;《北京农业科学》;20000630;第18卷(第3期);第6-9页 * |
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