CN107135782B - Cultivation method of southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton - Google Patents
Cultivation method of southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of southern Xinjiang filmless cotton, which comprises the following steps: selecting a special early-maturing upland cotton variety with the culture period of less than 120 days under the film-covered culture condition and 135-; fertilizing, plowing and sowing with planting density of 240000 and 255000 strains of ∙ hm‑2(ii) a The continuous adjustment for 2 times is started when the cotyledon is flattened, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is respectively 1.4-1.6 and 0.8-1.2g ∙ hm‑2After topping, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 4.3-4.8g ∙ hm‑2(ii) a And performing water and fertilizer management and disease, pest and weed control during the growth period. The cultivation method does not cover a mulching film any more, and prevents white pollution caused by the mulching film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cotton planting, in particular to a cultivation method of southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton.
Background
The problem of residual mulching film pollution is increasingly serious since the plastic film cotton planting technology is popularized in Xinjiang in the 80 s. The manual membrane uncovering cost of the southern Xinjiang cotton field accounts for 25% of the manual management cost. Even if manual film uncovering or mechanized recovery is adopted, the annual residual rate of the mulching film in the soil is about 15%, the part of the mulching film is not uncovered, the residual rate of the mulching film is up to 100%, the annual residual rate of the mulching film in Xinjiang areas is 24.4%, and the soil environmental pollution is one of the most serious areas in China. The mechanical cotton picking planting production technology popularized by Xinjiang production and construction war group is about twelve-five ends, according to the report of Mao Tree spring 2014, that the mechanical cotton picking area of Xinjiang is about 1000 ten thousand mu, wherein the war group accounts for 60%, the area accounts for 40% (mainly in northern Xinjiang), the mechanical picking area of northern Xinjiang is 800 ten thousand mu in a subarea, and the mechanical picking area of southern Xinjiang is 200 ten thousand mu, and basically all the mechanical picking cotton planting production technology is concentrated in Xinjiang production and construction war group. The cotton harvesting process of the mechanical cotton picking machine is characterized in that a large amount of residual mulching films on the ground surface and cotton plants in the field are collected in the harvesting process of the mechanical cotton picking machine, the residual mulching films are difficult to remove in the later processing process, the pollution to raw cotton is serious, the residual mulching films cannot be completely removed in the subsequent textile processing process, the quality of textile products is influenced, the cotton industry in southern Xinjiang is also a regional support industry and is one of important economic income sources of people in southern Xinjiang, and the reduction of the cotton planting benefit has great influence on local social production and people life. The current production mode of the plastic film cotton in Xinjiang does not adapt to the green, harmonious and sustainable requirements of modern agricultural production.
The existing bare land planting method in southern Xinjiang has low cotton yield when the field production is carried out, and the cotton seed cotton yield is less than 4000 kg.hm in the bare land cultivation sowing period and density test of the early maturing cotton in southern Xinjiang-2The yield is to be further improved.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of Nanjiang filmless cotton, which saves cost and stably improves the yield and quality of cotton by selecting specific cotton varieties and matching with proper sowing density, and performing proper chemical regulation, water and fertilizer management and disease, pest and weed control.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the cultivation method of the southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton comprises the following steps:
selecting the ultra-early upland cotton variety with the growth period of less than 120 days under the condition of film-covered cultivation and the growth period of 135-140 days under the condition of film-free cultivation for later use;
fertilizing, plowing and sowing with planting density of 240000 and 255000 strains of ∙ hm-2；
The continuous adjustment for 2 times is started when the cotyledon is flattened, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is 1.4-1.6g ∙ hm-2、0.8-1.2g∙hm-2Spraying mepiquat chloride after toppingThe dosage of the composition is 4.3-4.8g ∙ hm-2；
Meanwhile, water and fertilizer management and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are carried out during the growth period;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: dripping water for 9-10 times during growth period, wherein the irrigation amount is 375-450 m3∙hm-2And simultaneously applying fertilizer during dripping, wherein the dosage of drip irrigation fertilizer is totally applied in the growth period: 200 and 210kg ∙ hm of urea-2130kg of diammonium phosphate and 140kg of ∙ hm-255-65kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate ∙ hm-220-25kg of boric fertilizer ∙ hm-2。
The cultivation method of the southern Xinjiang filmless cotton provided by the invention does not cover a mulching film any more, and prevents the white pollution of residual mulching film to soil and raw cotton. The invention selects specific early-maturing upland cotton varieties, adopts proper seeding density, and carries out chemical regulation for 3 times in different periods, compared with mulching film cotton for 5 times, the number of the sowing times is reduced by 2 times, and through specific water and fertilizer management and disease, insect and weed control, water and nutrient contents are supplemented in the whole growth period, so that good nutrient supply is provided for the growth of cotton bolls. The invention selects specific cotton varieties, provides sufficient nutrient components for the growth period of each stage of cotton by adding a proper amount of base fertilizer and assisting chemical regulation and water and fertilizer management, overcomes the problems of late maturity, yield reduction and quality reduction caused by late sowing of the cotton obtained by cultivation, and stably improves the yield and the quality.
Preferably, the variety of the ultra-early upland cotton comprises Zhongmian 619 and Xinluzao No. 48.
Preferably, the water content of the soil is in the range of 15-25% during sowing, and the soil temperature is higher than 15 ℃.
The invention utilizes the ultra-early maturing variety to compensate the late maturing and yield reduction caused by late sowing, seeds are sowed when the temperature is higher and the soil temperature is higher, and the seeds can be quickly germinated and emerged under the condition of film-free cultivation.
Further, the sowing time is 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 20 days.
Furthermore, the salt content of the soil in the planting selected land is less than 3 g/Kg.
Preferably, the first drip of water during said growing period is in late may. Dripping water at a proper time to provide sufficient water and nutrient for the growth of cotton seedlings.
Furthermore, during sowing, the sowing depth is 3.5-4cm, the soil is covered, the soil is pressed, and the seed plough is shallow 1-1.5cm after sowing. The operation is adopted for sowing, and the germination rate of cotton is improved.
Further, the seeding amount is 65-68kg ∙ hm-2。
Preferably, the sowing is performed using a dibbler.
Preferably, the specifications of the dibbler are one hole and two granules.
After the sowing under the conditions, the requirements of 240000-charge 255000 strain ∙ hm of planting density can be well met-2The requirements of (a).
Further, checking the germination condition of seeds 3-4 days after sowing, testing the water content of soil, and adding water drops with volume water content less than 15% for supplementing soil moisture of 75-150m3∙hm-2。
By properly supplementing water, the germination of seeds can be promoted, and a good foundation is provided for the rapid germination of the seeds.
Further, intertilling for 1-2 times after seedling emergence, fixing seedlings and reserving one strain in one cave in the last 5 months, and topping and reserving 6-7 mosses of fruit branches in the last 7 months.
The intertillage is surface soil cultivation among plants and rows in the growth period of crops, and can loosen the surface soil, increase the air permeability of the soil, improve the ground temperature, promote the activity of air microorganisms and the effectiveness of nutrients, remove weeds, promote the extension of root systems and regulate the moisture condition of the soil.
Intertillage before seedling setting is beneficial to the stability of subsequent seedling setting, and then topping in due time lays a good foundation for the nutrition supply of the cotton bolls in the later period and the maturity consistency of the cotton bolls.
Further, in the fertilizing and plowing process, the dosage of the base fertilizer is as follows: 58-65kg of three-material phosphorus fertilizer ∙ hm-2145kg of urea and ∙ hm-2220kg of potassium sulfate and 230kg of ∙ hm-22800kg of organic fertilizer and 3200kg of ∙ hm-2。
Further, the disease, pest and weed control is as follows: the method is characterized in that pest control in the seedling stage is carried out on thrips in the last ten days of 4 months and in the last ten days of 5 months, aphids are controlled from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and weeding is carried out in the whole growth period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the cultivation method of the southern Xinjiang filmless cotton provided by the invention does not cover a mulching film any more, and prevents the pollution of residual mulching film to soil and raw cotton.
(2) The sowing depth is 3.5-4cm, which is 1-1.5cm deeper than the sowing depth of the mulching cotton, thus being beneficial to the preservation of the seedlings of the mulching cotton.
(3) The invention carries out chemical regulation for 3 times in different periods, compared with mulching film cotton for 5 times, reduces chemical regulation for 2 times, and is beneficial to the premature cotton to reach the appropriate plant height, wherein the plant height of 619 of the medium cotton is 60-70cm, and the plant height of 48 of the new land is 70-80 cm.
(4) According to the invention, by selecting a specific early-maturing upland cotton variety and utilizing the specific early-maturing variety, the defects of late-maturing and yield reduction caused by slow development of the film-free cotton and late sowing are overcome, the seeds are sowed when the temperature is higher and the soil temperature is higher, and the seeds can germinate and emerge quickly under the film-free cultivation condition.
(5) The invention also adopts higher seeding density of 240000 and 255000 strain ∙ hm-2The normal mulching film cotton is 165000-180000 strain ∙ hm-2The yield loss caused by individuals is compensated through high-density groups, the yield of the mulching film cotton is basically achieved, the quality of the harvested cotton is not obviously different from that of the mulching film cotton, but residual film pollution does not exist in the raw cotton, and the quality of the raw cotton is greatly improved.
(6) Through specific water and fertilizer management and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, the water and nutrient components are supplemented by adding 1-2 times of dropping water in the whole growth period, and good nutrient supply is provided for the growth of the cotton bolls.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
The 3 test points are respectively carried out in an Alar comprehensive test station, a Tupistachio Ke Er Qiang river comprehensive test station and a Kuerle Peacock river comprehensive test station of the national cotton industry and technology system, and test fields of a first institute of agricultural science of the military team of Xinjiang production and construction, a third institute of agricultural science of the military team of Xinjiang production and construction and an institute of agricultural science of the Ba Zhou of Xinjiang.
The reference varieties are cotton 619 of a short-season cotton early-maturing variety provided by the early-maturing subject group of the cotton research institute of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences and Xinluzao 48 of an early-maturing variety introduced in northern Xinjiang. The test plot is repeated three times, 6 plots are counted, each plot has two seeding frames of 36 rows, the row length is 50m, the plot area is 1 mu, and the planting density is set to 252000 plants.hm-2. Other production conditions are the same as those of field production.
Firstly, testing concrete steps
1.1 land preparation
Irrigating the test field in winter and spring, fertilizing soil with salt content less than or equal to 3g/Kg, and applying base fertilizer (three-material phosphorus 60 Kg. hm)-2150kg hm of urea-2225kg hm potassium sulfate-23000 kg.hm of organic fertilizer-2Right). And (5) finely preparing the land.
1.2 seed treatment
Sunning, manual seed selection and seed dressing.
1.3 sowing time
And (3) testing the water content of the soil (within the range of 15-25% of the volume water content) and sowing, and timely dripping water to replenish soil moisture when the soil moisture is insufficient. Sowing seeds when the soil temperature is more than 15 ℃ in 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 25 days.
Specifically, each sowing time is as follows: the Alar station is 16 days at 4 months, the Peacock river station is 21 days at 4 months, and the leaf of the Wengel river station is 15 days at 4 months.
1.4 sowing mode
And (5) planting in open field. Manually pushing and sowing by using a precise dibbler (two seeds in one hole), and using the seed quantity of 67.5 kg.hm-2The seeding depth is 3.5-4cm, the soil is covered and the soil is pressed, and the seeding depth is 1-1.5 cm.
1.5 post-broadcast management
Checking the germination condition of seeds 3-4 days after sowing, testing the water content and volume content of soilWhen the water rate is less than 15 percent, water is dripped to fill soil moisture of 75-150m3·hm-2And the shallow drill barrow of 1-1.5cm for the next day seed row prevents the soil covering of the seed bed from hardening to influence the seedling emergence. Cultivating for 1-2 times after seedling emergence; a strain is reserved in one cave of final singling in the last ten days of the month 5; and (5) topping and leaving 6-7 mosses of fruit branches after about 7 months and 10 days.
1.6 chemical Regulation
The seed leaf is continuously adjusted for 2 times during flattening, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is 1.5 g.hm-2、1g·hm-2After topping, spraying mepiquat chloride with the dosage of 4.5 g.hm-2。
1.7 Water and Fertilizer management
Dripping water for 9-10 times during growth period, wherein the irrigation amount is 375-450 m3∙hm-2In the middle and last ten days of May, dripping water for the first time at intervals of 6-16 days, and simultaneously applying fertilizer when dripping water for the 2 nd to 6 th times, wherein the amount of the drip irrigation fertilizer is totally applied in the growth period: urea 202.5kg hm-2135kg hm diammonium phosphate-260kg hm of monopotassium phosphate-222.5kg hm boric fertilizer-2。
1.8 control of diseases, pests and weeds
The method is characterized in that pest control in the seedling stage is carried out on thrips in the last ten days of 4 months and in the last ten days of 5 months, aphids are controlled from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and weeding is carried out in the whole growth period.
Second, statistics of test data
The records of the growth period are recorded according to the test standards of cotton variety areas. Actual yield harvest is carried out on each test point in 2016, 11 months and 5 days, and the number of harvested plants in each cell is actually measured; sampling in each cell, taking 10 continuous mixed whole seed cotton plants in each row of 18 rows in the same broadcast width, counting the bolls, weighing the seed cotton, and calculating the single boll weight; the yield of seed cotton is weighed by harvesting one mu of land in the whole plot (the flowers before frost and the flowers after frost are weighed separately). 5kg of the mixed seed cotton sample before frosting is taken, and the coat is rolled by a coat test rolling mill. The quality test of the cotton-like fiber is sent to the testing center of agricultural science research institute of first scholars in the production and construction of Xinjiang for detection (HVICC calibration).
1. Results of the growth period survey
Shows that the growth periods of the test points and the varieties are different, and the growth periods of the different varieties at different stages are different. The growth periods of the middle cotton 619 and the new Luzao No. 48 are respectively 144 days and 148 days, and the maturity of the middle cotton 619 is earlier than that of the new Luzao No. 48. The seedling emergence time difference between test spots and varieties is not large, and is about 12 days; different test points from seedling emergence to bud emergence and from bud emergence to flowering are different, the seedling stages of the two test points of Korla and Tupistachio are shorter than those of the Aral test point, and the difference from the flowering stage to the boll opening stage of each test point is not large. Cotton 619 in emergence to bud, bud to blossom expression is earlier than number 48 in new land; the early 48 new lands are earlier than the middle cotton 619 from the blooming stage to the boll opening stage. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1. The values of the relevant parameters of the different cotton varieties planted at the different test points in table 1 are all statistical averages.
TABLE 1 summary of the fertility survey of different varieties at each test site
2. Results of agronomic trait survey
The varieties have different main agronomic characters. Growth vigor is shown before topping, the growth vigor of the New Luzao No. 48 is strong, and the growth vigor of the middle cotton 619 is steady; the fruit branches are different in type, wherein the medium cotton 619 is a type I fruit branch, and the Xinluzao 48 is a type II fruit branch; the average plant height of the cotton 619 in the plant height is 64.2 cm, and the average plant height of No. 48 in the new land is 80.3 cm; the cotton 619 in the first section of the fruit branch is 5.4 sections, and the Xinluzao 48 is 6.0 sections; the number of the mosses on the fruit branches is 8.9 mosses on cotton 619, and 8.4 mosses on Xinluzao 48; the total fruit number of the Xinluzao 48 is 13.1, and the number of the middle cotton 619 is 15.3. See table 2 for details. The values of the relevant parameters of the different cotton varieties planted at the different test points in table 2 are all statistical averages.
TABLE 2 summary table of different varieties of major agronomic trait survey at each test point
3. Yield results
The survey and weighing test result shows that the single boll weight of the middle cotton 619 harvest is 4.53g, and the clothes score is 44.52 percent, the pre-frost flowering rate is 98.23 percent, and the seed cotton yield is 5122 kg.hm-2Yield of ginned cotton 2278kg hm-2. The weight of single boll harvested from No. 48 Xinluzhong is 4.51g, the lint content is 42.62 percent, the pre-frost flowering rate is 98.30 percent, and the seed cotton yield is 5421 kg.hm-2Yield of ginned cotton 2310kg hm-2. See table 3 for details. The values of the relevant parameters of the different cotton varieties planted at the different test points in table 3 are all statistical averages.
Table 3 summary of yield survey
4. Quality test results
The average length of the upper half part of the No. 48 fiber in Xinjiang, the breaking ratio strength of which is 26.7cN/tex, the micronaire value of which is 4.3, the regularity index of which is 84.8 percent and the breaking elongation of which is 8.8 percent are measured by an agricultural science research institute of the first division of the Ministry of agriculture and sciences (HVICC calibration). The average length of the upper half part of the middle cotton 619 fiber is 28.5mm, the breaking specific strength is 27.2cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.4, the regularity index is 85.7 percent, and the breaking elongation is 9.4 percent. See table 4 for details. The values of the relevant parameters for different cotton varieties planted at different test points in table 4 are all statistical averages.
Table 4 fiber quality test results
Example 2
Test points are shown in the field of Mushuke. The reference varieties are Miao cotton 619 and Xinluzao 48, each variety is planted for 10 mu per address, and the planting density is set to 240000. hm-2. Other production conditions are the same as those of field production.
Firstly, testing concrete steps
1.1 land preparation
Irrigating the test field in winter and spring, fertilizing soil with salt content less than or equal to 3g/Kg, and applying base fertilizer (three-material phosphorus 58 Kg. hm)-2145kg hm of urea-2220kg hm potassium sulfate-22800kg hm of organic fertilizer-2Right). And (5) finely preparing the land.
1.2 seed treatment
Sunning, manual seed selection and seed dressing.
1.3 sowing time
And (3) testing the water content of the soil (within the range of 15-25% of the volume water content) and sowing, and timely dripping water to replenish soil moisture when the soil moisture is insufficient. Sowing seeds when the soil temperature is more than 15 ℃ in 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 25 days.
Specifically, the sowing period was 4 months and 25 days.
1.4 sowing mode
And (5) planting in open field. Manually pushing and sowing by using a precise dibbler (two seeds in one hole), wherein the seed consumption is 65 kg.hm-2The seeding depth is 3.5-4cm, the soil is covered and the soil is pressed, and the seeding depth is 1-1.5 cm.
1.5 post-broadcast management
Checking the germination condition of seeds 3-4 days after sowing, testing the water content of soil, and timely adding water drops to supplement soil moisture for 75-150m when the volume water content is less than 15%3·hm-2And the shallow drill barrow of 1-1.5cm for the next day seed row prevents the soil covering of the seed bed from hardening to influence the seedling emergence. Cultivating for 1-2 times after seedling emergence; a strain is reserved in one cave of final singling in the last ten days of the month 5; and (5) topping and leaving 6-7 mosses of fruit branches after about 7 months and 10 days.
1.6 chemical Regulation
The seed leaf is continuously adjusted for 2 times during flattening, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is 1.6 g.hm-2、1.2g·hm-2After topping, spraying mepiquat chloride with the dosage of 4.8 g.hm-2。
1.7 Water and Fertilizer management
Dripping water for 9-10 times in the growth period, dripping water for the first time in the middle and last ten days of May, dripping water for one time at intervals of 6-16 days, simultaneously applying fertilizer in the 2 nd to 6 th dripping water times, and applying the drip irrigation fertilizer in the growth period in a dropping manner: urea 200kg hm-2130kg hm diammonium phosphate-255kg hm of monopotassium phosphate-220 kg.hm of boron fertilizer-2。
1.8 control of diseases, pests and weeds
The method is characterized in that pest control in the seedling stage is carried out on thrips in the last ten days of 4 months and in the last ten days of 5 months, aphids are controlled from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and weeding is carried out in the whole growth period.
Second, statistics of test data
The records of the growth period are recorded according to the test standards of cotton variety areas. The yield is actually harvested at each test point, and the number of harvested plants is actually measured; counting the bolls, weighing the seed cotton, and calculating the single boll weight; the yield of seed cotton is weighed by harvesting one mu of land in the whole plot (the flowers before frost and the flowers after frost are weighed separately). 5kg of the mixed seed cotton sample before frosting is taken, and the coat is rolled by a coat test rolling mill. The quality test of the cotton-like fiber is sent to the testing center of agricultural science research institute of first scholars in the production and construction of Xinjiang for detection (HVICC calibration).
1. Results of the growth period survey
The growth periods of different varieties are different, and the growth periods of different varieties at different stages are different. The growth periods of the middle cotton 619 and the new Luzao No. 48 are respectively 135 days and 140 days, and the maturity of the middle cotton 619 is earlier than that of the new Luzao No. 48. The seedling emergence time difference among the varieties is not large, and is about 10 days; different test points from emergence to bud emergence and from bud emergence to flowering are different, and the difference from flowering to boll opening stage is not large. Cotton 619 in emergence to bud, bud to blossom expression is earlier than number 48 in new land; the early 48 new lands are earlier than the middle cotton 619 from the blooming stage to the boll opening stage.
2. Yield results
The survey and weighing test result shows that the single boll weight of the middle cotton 619 is 4.45g, the lint content is 46.25 percent, the pre-frost flowering rate is 98.53 percent, and the yield of the seed cotton is 4850 kg.hm-2Yield of lint was 2240kg hm-2. Xinluzhong No. 48 single boll weight 4.42g, lint 42.52%, seed cotton yield 5601kg hm-2Yield of ginned cotton 2400kg hm-2The above values are all statistically obtained averages.
The quality detection result is good.
Example 3
Test points are in the field of Alar. The reference varieties are Miao cotton 619 and Xinluzao 48, each variety is planted for 10 mu per address, and the planting density is set to 255000. hm-2. Other production conditions are the same as those of field production.
Firstly, testing concrete steps
1.1 land preparation
Irrigating in winter and spring in a test field, fertilizing soil with salt content less than or equal to 3g/Kg, ploughing and applying base fertilizer (three-material phosphorus 85 Kg. hm)-2155kg hm of urea-2230kg hm potassium sulfate-23200kg hm of organic fertilizer-2Right). And (5) finely preparing the land.
1.2 seed treatment
Sunning, manual seed selection and seed dressing.
1.3 sowing time
And (3) testing the water content of the soil (within the range of 15-25% of the volume water content) and sowing, and timely dripping water to replenish soil moisture when the soil moisture is insufficient. Sowing seeds when the soil temperature is more than 15 ℃ in 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 25 days.
Specifically, the sowing period is 4 months and 15 days.
1.4 sowing mode
And (5) planting in open field. Manually pushing and sowing by using a precise dibbler (two seeds in one hole), and using the seed quantity of 68 kg.hm-2The seeding depth is 3.5-4cm, the soil is covered and the soil is pressed, and the seeding depth is 1-1.5 cm.
1.5 post-broadcast management
Checking the germination condition of seeds 3-4 days after sowing, testing the water content of soil, and timely adding water drops to supplement soil moisture for 75-150m when the volume water content is less than 15%3·hm-2And the shallow drill barrow of 1-1.5cm for the next day seed row prevents the soil covering of the seed bed from hardening to influence the seedling emergence. Cultivating for 1-2 times after seedling emergence; a strain is reserved in one cave of final singling in the last ten days of the month 5; and (5) topping and leaving 6-7 mosses of fruit branches after about 7 months and 10 days.
1.6 chemical Regulation
The seed leaf is continuously adjusted for 2 times during flattening, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is 1.4 g.hm-2、0.8g·hm-2After topping, spraying mepiquat chloride with the dosage of 4.3 g.hm-2。
1.7 Water and Fertilizer management
Dripping water for 9-10 times during the growth period of the peacock river test station, dripping water for the first time in the middle and last ten days of May, dripping water for one time at intervals of 6-16 days, applying fertilizer simultaneously when dripping water for 2-6 times, and applying drip irrigation fertilizer in the growth period in total: 210kg hm of urea-2140kg hm diammonium phosphate-265 kg. hm potassium dihydrogen phosphate-2Boron fertilizer 25kg hm-2。
1.8 control of diseases, pests and weeds
The method is characterized in that pest control in the seedling stage is carried out on thrips in the last ten days of 4 months and in the last ten days of 5 months, aphids are controlled from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and weeding is carried out in the whole growth period.
Second, statistics of test data
The records of the growth period are recorded according to the test standards of cotton variety areas. The yield is actually harvested at each test point, and the number of harvested plants is actually measured; counting the bolls, weighing the seed cotton, and calculating the single boll weight; the yield of seed cotton is weighed by harvesting one mu of land in the whole plot (the flowers before frost and the flowers after frost are weighed separately). 5kg of the mixed seed cotton sample before frosting is taken, and the coat is rolled by a coat test rolling mill.
1. Results of the growth period survey
The growth periods of different varieties are different, and the growth periods of different varieties at different stages are different. The growth periods of the middle cotton 619 and the new Luzao No. 48 are respectively 158 days and 165 days, and the maturity of the middle cotton 619 is earlier than that of the new Luzao No. 48. The seedling emergence time difference among the varieties is not large, and is about 11 days; different test points from emergence to bud emergence and from bud emergence to flowering are different, and the difference from flowering to boll opening stage is not large. Cotton 619 in emergence to bud, bud to blossom expression is earlier than number 48 in new land; the early 48 new lands are earlier than the middle cotton 619 from the blooming stage to the boll opening stage.
2. Yield results
The survey and weighing test result shows that the single boll weight of the middle cotton 619 is 4.61g, the lint is 43.52 percent, the pre-frost flower rate is 96 percent, and the seed cotton yield is 4903 kg.hm-2Yield of ginned cotton 2200kg hm-2. Xinluzao No. 48 single boll weight 4.55g, lint 42.76%, pre-frost flower rate 98%, seed cotton yield 4722kg hm-2Yield of lint 2015kg hm-2The above values are all statistically obtained averages.
The quality detection result is good.
The membrane-free cultivation technology for the cotton in southern Xinjiang has the advantages that other technologies cannot replace the prior art in solving the problem of the pollution of the mulching film, has remarkable ecological benefits in the aspects of protecting the ecological environment and reducing the energy consumption, reduces the pollution of the mulching film to the cultivated land soil and the raw cotton, promotes the production and development of the mechanically harvested cotton, and has great significance in improving the quality of the mechanically harvested cotton in China.
The current southern Xinjiang cotton membraneless cultivation technology combines the early maturing variety technology, the drip irrigation technology, the seedling stage chemical regulation technology and other test demonstration results to prove that the south Xinjiang cotton membraneless cultivation has the advantages that the growth period is less than 120 days under the condition of needing film-covering cultivation on variety selection, the growth period is 135-140 days under the condition of membraneless cultivation, introduction experiments prove that the current northwest inland early maturing variety and the yellow river basin short season cotton variety can basically meet the requirement of early maturing, and the disadvantages of low early spring temperature, long emergence time of cotton membraneless cultivation and slow seedling stage growth and development of cotton are compensated by exerting the advantage that the time of the main development process of emergence-bud-flower-boll opening of the early maturing variety is relatively short. The drip irrigation technology (seed moisture supplement) combining precise irrigation in southern Xinjiang can greatly improve the field emergence rate in a film-free cultivation mode and ensure the number of harvested plants under the high-density planting condition. The technical measures of seedling-stage chemical regulation in the membrane-free cultivation play an important role in shaping plant type individuals and group space structures. The above matched technical measures can improve the yield of the film-free planting of the cotton.
Compared with a mulching film cultivation mode, the cotton cultivation mode without the mulching film shows the following advantages: the growth difference of large and small seedlings among rows is small; the soil nutrients can be better absorbed and utilized by the growth of the underground root system of the cotton; the consistency of the cotton fiber quality is improved; the growth process of cotton is delayed, the proper peak period of verticillium wilt in the area can be avoided, the field verticillium wilt is relatively light, and the cotton seed growing method has a pest avoiding effect on the comprehensive prevention and control of local verticillium wilt; has obvious advantages in the aspects of saving mulching films, agricultural machinery and cleaning mulching film production cost, and reduces the cost of mulching film cotton by about 750 yuan per hectare compared with the current mulching film cotton.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
1. The cultivation method of the southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting the ultra-early upland cotton variety with the growth period of less than 120 days under the condition of film-covered cultivation and the growth period of 135-140 days under the condition of film-free cultivation for later use;
fertilizing, plowing and sowing with planting density of 240000 and 255000 strains of ∙ hm-2；
During sowing, the water content of the soil is 15-25%, and the soil temperature is more than 15 ℃;
during sowing, the sowing depth is 3.5-4cm, soil is covered, pressing is carried out, and a seed plough is shallow 1-1.5cm after sowing;
checking the germination condition of seeds 3-4 days after sowing, testing the water content of soil, and adding water drops with the volume water content of less than 15% to replenish soil moisture of 75-150m3∙hm-2；
Intertilling for 1-2 times after seedling emergence, fixing seedlings and reserving one strain in one cave in the last ten days of 5 months, and topping in the last 7 months to reserve 6-7 mosses of fruit branches;
the continuous adjustment for 2 times is started when the cotyledon is flattened, and the consumption of the mepiquat chloride is 1.4-1.6g ∙ hm-2、0.8-1.2g∙hm-2After topping, spraying mepiquat chloride with the dosage of 4.3-4.8g ∙ hm-2；
Meanwhile, water and fertilizer management and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are carried out during the growth period;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: dripping water 9-10 times during growth period, and dripping water for the first time in middle and last ten days of May, wherein the irrigation amount is 375-450 m each time3∙hm-2The dripping interval time is 6-16 days, the fertilizer is applied when dripping for 2-6 times, and the dosage of the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied in the growing period in total: 200 and 210kg ∙ hm of urea-2130kg of diammonium phosphate and 140kg of ∙ hm-255-65kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate ∙ hm-220-25kg of boric fertilizer ∙ hm-2；
The prevention and control of the diseases, the pests and the weeds are as follows: the method is characterized in that pest control in the seedling stage is carried out on thrips in the last ten days of 4 months and in the last ten days of 5 months, aphids are controlled from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and weeding is carried out in the whole growth period.
2. The method for cultivating membraneless cotton in south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultra early-maturing upland cotton variety comprises Mizhongmian 619 and Xinluzao 48.
3. The cultivation method of Nanjiang filmless cotton according to claim 1, wherein the sowing time is 4 months and 15 days to 4 months and 20 days.
4. The cultivation method of Nanjiang membraneless cotton according to claim 1, wherein the salt content of the soil for planting the selected land is less than 3 g/Kg.
5. The cultivation method of Nanjiang membraneless cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding rate is 65-68kg ∙ hm-2。
6. The cultivation method of Nanjiang membraneless cotton according to claim 5, wherein the sowing is performed by a hill planter.
7. The cultivation method of Nanjiang membraneless cotton according to claim 6, wherein the specifications of the dibbler are one hole and two grains.
8. The cultivation method of southern Xinjiang membraneless cotton, as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer in the fertilizer application plow is: 58-65kg of three-material phosphorus fertilizer ∙ hm-2145kg of urea and ∙ hm-2220kg of potassium sulfate and 230kg of ∙ hm-22800kg of organic fertilizer and 3200kg of ∙ hm-2。
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| CN111066614A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-28 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sowing method for cotton film-free direct-sowing one-time-sowing whole seedlings |
| CN110786217B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang |
| CN111764013B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-05-27 | 新疆雅戈尔农业科技股份有限公司 | Production method of cotton yarn without mulch film pollution using machine-harvested cotton as raw material |
| CN111955304A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-20 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cotton film-free cultivation method |
| CN113057082A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-07-02 | 石河子大学 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
| CN114916431B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-03-24 | 石河子大学 | Indoor cultivation method for promoting cotton generation-adding breeding |
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