CN115088572A - Water-saving cultivation method for non-film cotton - Google Patents
Water-saving cultivation method for non-film cotton Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- -1 DCP + Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- UELAIMNOXLAYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-dicyclohexyloxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1CCCCC1OC(=O)C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 UELAIMNOXLAYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-saving cultivation method of film-free cotton, belonging to the technical field of crop planting. Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton, which has high yield and does not need base fertilizer. The method comprises the steps of soil preparation, underground shallow burying of a drip irrigation pipe, late sowing in a proper period, water and fertilizer operation, chemical topping, defoliation and ripening acceleration and harvesting. The invention adopts higher planting density, enlarges population advantages by improving density, compensates yield loss caused by early-stage late sowing, utilizes the interval arrangement of the drip irrigation pipes, buries the drip irrigation pipes underground and optimizes water operation, reduces the evaporation of a large amount of soil moisture, runoff and leakage caused by no film coverage, irrigates only a root area and improves the water utilization efficiency. The method has the advantages of less fertilizer application, no base fertilizer application, and improved fertilizer utilization rate. The method can reduce the input of planting cotton, improve the yield and realize the yield of seed cotton up to 398kg/666.7m 2 Compared with the prior cultivation technique of non-membrane cotton, the yield is increased by 37-73 kg/666.7m 2 。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water-saving cultivation method for non-film cotton, belonging to the technical field of crop planting.
Background
The area of the Xinjiang cotton is more than 3700 ten thousand mu throughout the year, and a mulching film mulching planting mode is adopted, so that the cotton area is seriously polluted by a mulching film, and the sustainable development of the Xinjiang cotton is further seriously influenced. In order to thoroughly solve the problem of plastic film pollution in Xinjiang, researchers provide a method for planting non-film cotton, namely, cotton is planted under the condition of non-film mulching, although the technology can eliminate residual film pollution, the cotton loses the functions of heat preservation, soil moisture preservation and saline weed inhibition correspondingly due to no plastic film mulching, so that the proper sowing period of the cotton is delayed, the soil moisture preservation is poor, the seedling preservation rate is low, and the cotton is finally greatly reduced in yield.
The existing research reports show that: by adopting a film-free cotton cultivation method, the planting density of the cotton field is high and reaches 1.28-1.64 thousands of plants/666.7 m 2 Due to the fact that the irrigation quantity is large, the irrigation quantity is generally 20-37.1% higher than that of a normal cotton field covered under the film, and due to the fact that the improper fertilization and topping strategies are adopted, cotton cannot be timely shifted from being mainly in vegetative growth to being mainly in reproductive growth, the cotton field is closed in the early stage, ineffective bolls in the later stage are large, the growth period is obviously delayed, and further improvement of yield and ecological benefits of the film-free cultivation cotton field is seriously hindered.
The invention patent with application number 201710398071.5 discloses a cultivation method of Nanjiang membraneless cotton, wherein a specific early-maturing cotton variety is selected, a proper amount of base fertilizer is added, chemical conditioning and water and fertilizer management are assisted, sufficient nutritional ingredients are provided for the growing period of each stage of cotton, and the late-maturing and yield-reducing quality caused by late sowing is mainly overcome. The method has the advantages that the application amount of various fertilizers is large, particularly base fertilizers, the application amount is large, and the yield needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a water-saving cultivation method of non-film cotton, which has high yield and does not need base fertilizer.
The invention relates to a water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipes, late sowing in proper period, water and fertilizer operation, chemical topping, defoliation and ripening acceleration and harvesting;
the underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe is formed by burying a drip irrigation pipe between two rows of cotton, the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 150-155 cm, and the buried depth is 13-18 cm;
late sowing in a proper period is sowing when the average temperature of the soil is continuously 7-10 days at a depth of 5cm and the temperature is more than 12 ℃; the planting density is 1.7-1.8 thousands of plants/666.7 m 2 ；
The water and fertilizer operation and planning comprises water operation and planning and fertilizer operation and planning, wherein the water operation and planning is carried out for the first time by irrigating for 36-38 days after seedling emergence, the irrigation period is 7-10 days, the total growth period is irrigated for 7-8 times, and the total irrigation amount is 256-300 m 3 /666.7m 2 ；
The fertilizer operation comprises nitrogen fertilizer operation and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer operation, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer operation is every 666.7m in the whole growth period 2 Applying 40-50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer along with water drops, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling emergence period, full bud period, first blossom period, full boll period and boll opening period according to the proportion of 46 percent of nitrogen: 15-20%, 55-60% and 20-25%; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 8-12 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is expressed by P 2 O 5 Content 52%, K 2 The application proportion in the seedling-full bud period, the first flower-full boll period and the full boll-boll opening period is respectively as follows according to the content of O (oxygen) of 34 percent: 15-20%, 50-65% and 20-30%;
chemical topping is carried out 47-49 days and 54-56 days after seedling emergence, and each topping is carried out at a speed of 666.7m 2 Applying 5-10 g of synergistic mepiquat chloride and 3.3-6.7 mL of auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent comprises sodium sulfosuccinate and methylated vegetable oil;
the defoliation ripening is to perform defoliation ripening twice for 122-125 days and 129-132 days after emergence of seedlings.
In one embodiment of the invention, the drip irrigation pipe is a special drip irrigation pipe for underground drip irrigation with functions of preventing siphon and root invasion; the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 152cm, and the buried depth is 15 cm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sowing is carried out in rows by using a rowing machine.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises equal-row close planting, wherein the row spacing of the equal-row close planting is 70-80 cm, the planting distance is 4-6 cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 2.5-3.5 cm.
In one embodiment, the row spacing of the equal-row close planting is 76cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the soil covering thickness is 2.5-3.5 cm, and the planting density is 1.75 ten thousand plants/666.7 m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of dry seeding and wet seeding, wherein the dry seeding and wet seeding is the seedling water dripping immediately after seeding, the seedling water is required to be wet to planting rows, and the seedling water irrigation quantity is 50-65 m 3 /666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation rate is 45-50, 25-30, 28-33, 35-42, 40-45, 35-42, 30-35, 18-23 m 3 /666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer raising is carried out at 666.7 m/full-term growth period 2 Applying 45kg of nitrogenous fertilizer along with water drops; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 10kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops.
In one embodiment of the invention, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil in the additive applied by chemical topping is 0.5-1: 1-2. In a specific example, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil is 1: 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening agent is euphoria, and the application rates of the two defoliating ripening are respectively as follows: 80-120 mL/666.7m 2 、50～70mL/666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the application rates of the two defoliation ripening treatments are respectively as follows: 100mL/666.7m 2 、60mL/666.7 m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the harvest is carried out when the defoliation rate exceeds 90% and the boll opening rate reaches more than 90%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has higher yield, and can realize the seed cotton yield as high as 398kg/666.7m 2 Compared with the prior art of culturing the filmless cotton, the yield of the method is increased by 37-73 kg/666.7m 2 。
2. The invention adopts higher planting density, and improves the density to expand the population advantage and make up for the yield loss caused by early-stage late sowing.
3. The drip irrigation pipe is arranged at intervals, the drip irrigation pipes are buried underground in a shallow mode, water operation is optimized, the evaporation, runoff and leakage of a large amount of soil moisture caused by film-free coverage are reduced, only root areas are moistened by irrigation, and the moisture utilization efficiency is improved.
4. The method of the invention has less fertilizer application, does not apply fertilizer on the base, and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
5. The total irrigation amount of the water-saving cultivation method for the non-film cotton is 256-300 m 3 /666.7m 2 And irrigating for 7-8 times in the growth period, and irrigating for the first time after 36-38 days after seedling emergence, wherein the irrigation amount is basically consistent compared with that of southern Xinjiang non-film cotton, the irrigation times are reduced by 2 times, and the first irrigation is delayed for 5-7 days compared with that of northern Xinjiang non-film cotton and normal film cotton.
6. The method of the invention utilizes the saved cost of mulching film, mechanical operation, recycling and manual work top hiring which are saved by the non-film cultivation to exceed 402 Yuan/666.7 m 2 The cotton planting investment is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of water-saving cultivation of non-membrane cotton in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout view of drip irrigation pipes according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipes, late sowing in proper period, water and fertilizer operation, chemical topping, defoliation and ripening acceleration and harvest in proper period;
the underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe is formed by burying a drip irrigation pipe in front of two rows of cotton, the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 150-155 cm, and the buried depth is 13-18 cm;
sowing at late time in proper period is realized when the average temperature of soil is continuously 7-10 days at a depth of 5cm and the temperature is more than 12 ℃; the planting density is 1.7-1.8 thousands of plants/666.7 m 2 ；
The water and fertilizer operation and planning comprises water operation and planning and fertilizer operation and planning, wherein the water operation and planning is carried out for the first time by irrigating for 36-38 days after seedling emergence, the irrigation period is 7-10 days, the total growth period is irrigated for 7-8 times, and the total irrigation amount is 256-300 m 3 /666.7m 2 ；
The fertilizer operation comprises nitrogen fertilizer operation and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer operation, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer operation is every 666.7m in the whole growth period 2 Applying 40-50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer along with water drops, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling emergence period, full bud period, first blossom period, full boll period and boll opening period according to the proportion of 46 percent of nitrogen: 15-20%, 55-60% and 20-25%; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 8-12 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is expressed by P 2 O 5 Content 52%, K 2 The application proportion of the fertilizer is that the fertilizer is measured by the O content of 34 percent in the seedling growing-bud stage, the first blossom-boll stage and the boll-boll opening stage: 15-20%, 50-65% and 20-30%;
chemical topping is carried out 47-49 days and 54-56 days after seedling emergence, and each topping is carried out at a speed of 666.7m 2 Applying 5-10 g of synergistic mepiquat chloride and 3.3-6.7 mL of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent comprises sodium sulfosuccinate and methylated vegetable oil;
the defoliation ripening is to perform defoliation ripening twice for 122-125 days and 129-132 days after emergence of seedlings.
In one embodiment of the invention, the drip irrigation pipe is a special drip irrigation pipe for underground drip irrigation with the functions of preventing siphon and root invasion; the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 152cm, and the buried depth is 15 cm.
The anti-siphon function of the invention is a function of quickly stopping the air circulation inside and outside the drip irrigation pipe when the irrigation stops, and effectively preventing impurities outside the dripper from being sucked back into the drip irrigation pipe; the root invasion preventing function is a function of preventing root systems from easily growing into the interior of the drippers due to the water permeability of the root systems and causing blockage. The drip irrigation pipe having this function may be one commercially available in the art.
In one embodiment of the invention, the seeding is carried out in rows by using a rower. The marker is a marker commonly used in the field, and the on-demand method can also adopt a conventional method in the field.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of close planting in equal rows, wherein the close planting in equal rows ensures that the row spacing is 70-80 cm, the plant spacing is 4-6 cm, the planting depth is 2-3 cm and the soil covering thickness is 2.5-3.5 cm during sowing.
In one embodiment, the row spacing is 76cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the planting density is 1.75 ten thousand plants/666.7 m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of dry seeding and wet seeding, wherein the dry seeding and wet seeding is the seedling water dripping immediately after seeding, the seedling water is required to be wet to planting rows, and the seedling water irrigation quantity is 50-65 m 3 /666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation rate is 45-50, 25-30, 28-33, 35-42, 40-45, 35-42, 30-35, 18-23 m 3 /666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer application is applied at 666.7m intervals throughout the full growth period 2 Applying 45kg of nitrogenous fertilizer along with water drops; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 10kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops.
The synergistic mepiquat chloride, namely DCP +, is a 25 wt% slow-release type aqueous emulsion which is jointly developed by Chinese agriculture university and Xinjiang agriculture university, has the trade name of 'Zihuoding', and is produced and provided by Hebei Xinnuong biotechnology limited company. The main components of the assistant are sodium sulfosuccinate and methylated vegetable oil. Wherein the sodium sulfosuccinate can be dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt. In one embodiment of the invention, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil is 0.5-1: 1-2. In a specific example, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil is 1: 1.
In one embodiment of the invention, the synergistic mepiquat chloride of the invention is applied at a ratio of 1.5g to 1mL of adjuvant, i.e., every 666.7m 2 10g of 25 wt.% syndetic mepiquat chloride were applied, 6.7mL of adjuvant was applied.
In one embodiment of the invention, the defoliating ripening agent is euphoria, and the application rates of the two defoliating ripening are respectively as follows: 80-120 mL/666.7m 2 、50～70mL/666.7m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the application rates of the two defoliation ripening treatments are respectively as follows: 100mL/666.7m 2 、60mL/666.7 m 2 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the harvest is carried out when the defoliation rate exceeds 90% and the boll opening rate reaches more than 90%.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking Xinluzao No. 74 (growing period 124 days) as an example, the water-saving cultivation of the film-free cotton is carried out.
1. Land preparation: and (3) preparing soil by using a rotary cultivator in a field which is deeply ploughed in the previous year 5-10 days before sowing, wherein the operation depth is required to be 10-15 cm, and the soil is uniformly operated. After land preparation, spraying 180-200 mL/666.7m of pendimethalin serving as a soil sealing agent 2 And raking the land, wherein the depth is required to be 3-5 cm, and the land is flat without weeds and large soil blocks.
2. Underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe: the special drip irrigation pipes for underground drip irrigation with the functions of preventing siphoning and root invasion are selected, the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 152cm, the underground depth is 15cm, two rows of cotton drip irrigation pipes are arranged at intervals, a good soil environment is provided for root distribution and plant growth of cotton, and the effect of inhibiting weeds is achieved.
3. Sowing: and (4) sowing when the average temperature of the soil with the depth of 5cm is continuously 7-10 days and stably exceeds 12 ℃, and performing row-sowing by using a rowing machine. Close planting in equal rows with row spacing of 76cm, plant spacing of 5cm, sowing depth of 2-3 cm, covering soil thickness of 2.5-3.5 cm, and planting density of 1.75 ten thousand plants/666.7 m 2 . Immediately dripping seedling emergence water after sowing, wherein the seedling emergence water is required to be wet to planting rows, and the irrigation quantity of the seedling emergence water is 50-65 m 3 /666.7m 2 Ensuring that the whole seedlings are sowed at one time.
4. And (3) water and fertilizer operation: including water operations and fertilizer operations.
The water operation is carried out 36-38 days after emergence of seedlings for the first irrigation, the irrigation period is 7-10 days, and the last irrigation is carried out at the end of 8 months. Irrigating 8 times in the whole growth period, wherein the total irrigation amount is 256-300 m 3 /666.7m 2 The irrigation quota of each time is respectively 45-50, 25-30, 28-33, 35-42, 40-45, 35-42, 30-35 and 18-23 m 3 /666.7m 2 . Irrigation time in the whole growth period is 20 in the afternoon of the same day: 30 to the next morning at 9: 00.
TABLE 1
The fertilizer operational research method comprises the steps of nitrogen fertilizer operational research and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer operational research, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer operational research is carried out in the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 45kg of urea (N46%) is applied along with water drops, and the application proportion in the seedling emergence period, the full bud period, the initial flower period, the full boll period and the boll opening period is respectively as follows: 15-20%, 55-60% and 20-25%. The phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated and bred to be 666.7m per full growth period 2 The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied with water drops as (P) 2 O 5 52％，K 2 O34%) 10kg, the application proportion in the seedling emergence period, bud filling period, first flower filling period, boll filling period and boll opening period is respectively as follows: 15-20%, 50-65% and 20-30%. The specific fertilization time and fertilization amount are shown in table 1.
5. Chemical topping: chemical topping is carried out 47 to 49 days and 54 to 56 days after seedling emergence, and every 666.7m 2 5-10 g of synergistic mepiquat chloride (DPC +, 25 wt% slow-release aqueous emulsion) and 3.3-6.7 mL of synergistic mepiquat chloride are appliedAnd (4) an auxiliary agent (sodium sulfosuccinate and methylated vegetable oil in a volume ratio of 1: 1).
6. Defoliation and ripening: performing defoliation ripening twice at 122-125 days and 129-132 days after seedling emergence, wherein euphoria is selected as defoliation ripening agent, and each 666.7m 2 The application rates are respectively as follows: 100mL and 60 mL. When the defoliation rate of the sprayed defoliating agent exceeds 90 percent and the boll opening rate reaches 90 percent, the harvest is carried out in a proper period.
7. Other management methods were performed on normal high-yielding cotton fields.
The method builds a high-efficiency water-stone river experiment observation station for crops in rural areas of Bingqun agriculture Baji agriculture in 2021 Xinjiang production, and the yield of the unginned cotton reaches 398kg/666.7m 2 Compared with the prior non-film cotton cultivation technology, the yield is improved by 18.3 percent.
Claims (10)
1. The water-saving cultivation method of the non-film cotton is characterized by comprising the steps of soil preparation, underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipes, late sowing in a proper period, water and fertilizer application, chemical topping, defoliation and ripening acceleration and harvesting;
the underground shallow-buried drip irrigation pipe is formed by burying a drip irrigation pipe between two rows of cotton, the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 150-155 cm, and the buried depth is 13-18 cm;
sowing at late time in proper period is realized when the average temperature of soil is continuously 7-10 days at a depth of 5cm and the temperature is more than 12 ℃; the planting density is 1.7-1.8 thousands of plants/666.7 m 2 ；
The water and fertilizer operation and planning comprises water operation and planning and fertilizer operation and planning, wherein the water operation and planning is carried out for the first time by irrigating for 36-38 days after seedling emergence, the irrigation period is 7-10 days, the total growth period is irrigated for 7-8 times, and the total irrigation amount is 256-300 m 3 /666.7m 2 ；
The fertilizer operation comprises nitrogen fertilizer operation and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer operation, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer operation is every 666.7m in the whole growth period 2 Applying 40-50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer along with water drops, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the seedling emergence period, full bud period, first blossom period, full boll period and boll opening period according to the proportion of 46 percent of nitrogen: 15-20%, 55-60% and 20-25%; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 8-12 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is expressed by P 2 O 5 Content 52%, K 2 The O content is 34 percentThe application proportion in the seedling emergence period, bud filling period, initial flower period, boll filling period and boll opening period is respectively as follows: 15-20%, 50-65% and 20-30%;
chemical topping is carried out 47-49 days and 54-56 days after seedling emergence, and every 666.7m 2 Applying 5-10 g of synergistic mepiquat chloride and 3.3-6.7 mL of auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent comprises sodium sulfosuccinate and methylated vegetable oil;
the defoliation ripening is to perform twice defoliation ripening for 122-125 days and 129-132 days after seedling emergence.
2. The water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drip irrigation pipe is an underground drip irrigation special drip irrigation pipe with functions of preventing siphoning and root invasion; the distance between the drip irrigation pipes is 152cm, and the buried depth is 15 cm.
3. The water-saving cultivation method of filmless cotton according to claim 1, wherein: the row-dividing dibbling is adopted for sowing.
4. The water-saving cultivation method of filmless cotton according to claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the step of equal-row close planting, wherein the row spacing of the equal-row close planting is 70-80 cm, the plant spacing is 4-6 cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the soil covering thickness is 2.5-3.5 cm, preferably, the row spacing of the equal-row close planting is 76cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, the soil covering thickness is 2.5-3.5 cm, and the planting density is 1.75 ten thousand plants/666.7 m 2 。
5. The water-saving cultivation method of filmless cotton according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises dry sowing and wet sowing, wherein the dry sowing and wet sowing are realized by immediately dripping seedling emergence water after sowing, the seedling emergence water irrigation amount is required to be 50-65 m 3 /666.7m 2 。
6. The water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: the irrigation rate is 45-50, 25-30, 28-33, 35-42, 40-45, 35-42, 30-35 and 18-23 m each time 3 /666.7m 2 。
7. The water-saving cultivation method of filmless cotton according to claim 1, wherein: in the fertilizer operation, the nitrogen fertilizer operation is carried out to 666.7m per full growth period 2 Applying 45kg of nitrogenous fertilizer along with water drops; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is operated at the whole growth period of 666.7m 2 10kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water drops.
8. The water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the auxiliary agent applied by chemical topping, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil is 0.5-1: 1-2; preferably, the volume ratio of the sodium sulfosuccinate to the methylated vegetable oil is 1: 1.
9. The water-saving cultivation method of filmless cotton according to claim 8, wherein: the defoliation ripening agent is euphhiazolin, and the application rates of the defoliation ripening for two times are respectively as follows: 80 to 120mL/666.7m 2 、50～70mL/666.7m 2 (ii) a Preferably, the application rates of the two defoliation ripening are respectively as follows: 100mL/666.7m 2 、60mL/666.7m 2 。
10. The water-saving cultivation method of non-membrane cotton according to claim 1, characterized in that: the defoliation rate is over 90 percent, and the harvest is carried out when the boll opening rate is over 90 percent.
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