CN108243865A - A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry - Google Patents
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243865A CN108243865A CN201810213916.3A CN201810213916A CN108243865A CN 108243865 A CN108243865 A CN 108243865A CN 201810213916 A CN201810213916 A CN 201810213916A CN 108243865 A CN108243865 A CN 108243865A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of virus-free strawberry wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method.The present invention obtains virus-free strawberry tissue-cultured seedling first with anther culture method, rejects variation during tissue cultures and detoxification solarium preserve two, can control the detoxification original seed seedling coefficient of variation within 0.1%；And using wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method, land utilization efficiency and Strawberry Seedlings breeding efficiency are significantly improved, reduces irrigation times, water consumption is small, effectively realizes the control to weeds, and recruitment is few, labor cost is saved, is remarkably improved the economic benefit of breeding Strawberry Seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of Strawberry Seedlings, are educated more particularly to a kind of wide arch ridge bilateral field planting of virus-free strawberry
Seedling-growing method belongs to strawberry Cultivating techniques field.
Background technology
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch), the herbaceos perennial of rose family Fragaria, fruit colour are fresh
Gorgeous, fragrant strong, sour and sweet palatability, the fruit of strawberry has very high nutritive value, a variety of containing abundant phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc etc.
Minerals and protein are also enriched in nutriment necessary to the human bodies such as 17 kinds of amino acid.According to detection, strawberry fruit it is aqueous
Amount has reached 80-90%, and soluble sugar accounts for 6%-12%, 1%-1.5% containing organic acid, containing pectin substance 1.1%-1.2%,
Containing protein 0.4%-0.6%, the amount of inorganic salts is 0.6%.Contain 0.05- in strawberry fresh fruit per hectogram
The vitamin C of 0.12g, at the same time, strawberry also contain the vitamin of other numerous species.
The acquisition of virus-free strawberry original seed seedling mainly has heat treatment, Shoot Tip Culture, Anther Culture, heat treatment to combine Shoot Tip Culture
Several ways.The above method in During Detoxification there are 5% or so aberration rate.It screens without variation, can be sent out in offspring
Raw not pumping stolon, the not variations such as result, fruit severe deformities of only blooming, applied to serious consequence can be caused in production.
At present, Strawberry Seedlings crop field is bred mainly based on single ridge uniline, row spacing 1.0-1.5m, the high 15-30cm in ridge, furrow width
20-30cm, in ridge side or intermediate field planting maternal plant.Determine as Chinese patent literature CN106069089A discloses a kind of unilateral uniline
Grass planting certain kind of berries sapling multiplication method, includes the following steps：Setting is laid out numerous row of seedlings, and winter plowed soils, which freezes, turns up soil；February in the coming year is whole
Ridge；Strawberry seedling is colonized in the one side for being laid out numerous row of seedlings；Watering is to surviving.The invention can effectively kill germ and pest,
But it is using the Strawberry Seedlings that produced as female seedling, and generally with each viroid disease, the Strawberry Seedlings of breeding exist serious in production
Kind sexual involution problem, use narrow ridge, the soil ditch with homalographic is more, and area is necessarily reduced on the ridge of breeding nursery stock,
Land utilization ratio is low, pours on ridge every time, and irrigation times are more, and water consumption is big, poor to Weeds distribution effect, site preparation weeding
Work is more.
Invention content
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of virus-free strawberry wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method.
The present invention obtains virus-free strawberry tissue-cultured seedling first with anther culture method, and two processes are preserved in tissue cultures and detoxification solarium
It is middle to reject variation, the detoxification original seed seedling coefficient of variation can be controlled within 0.1%；Meanwhile determined using the wide ridge bilateral that encircles of the invention
Land utilization efficiency and Strawberry Seedlings breeding efficiency can be significantly improved by planting method for culturing seedlings, reduce irrigation times, water consumption is small, effectively
The control to weeds is realized on ground, and recruitment is few, saves labor cost, is remarkably improved the economic benefit of breeding Strawberry Seedlings.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, including step：
(1) virus-free strawberry tissue-cultured seedling is obtained using anther culture method, variation tissue-cultured seedling is rejected during tissue culture expanding propagation；
Transplanting preserves in detoxification solarium and observes 1 year, during which reject variation to detoxification solarium after remaining virus-free strawberry tissue culture seedling rooting
Seedling controls the coefficient of variation 0.1% hereinafter, obtaining virus-free strawberry original seed seedling；
(2) site preparation ridging：Choosing the soil is porous fertile sandy loam or loam, ploughs deeply 20-30cm depths, then rakes and do ridge,
Ridge is domes, row spacing 1.5-2.5m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20-30cm, ditch depth 10-15cm；
(3) it is colonized：The virus-free strawberry original seed that field planting a line step (1) obtains respectively at two lateral extent ridge edge 5cm of ridge
Seedling, the spacing in the rows along ridge length direction are 40-50cm；Overlying dark color mulch in ridge after field planting；Trickle irrigation in ditch is sprayed on ridge；
(4) after stolon is sent out, mulch is removed, ridge both sides stolon is guided into the distance between the centre on ridge, Miao Yumiao
More than or equal to 6cm；
(5) lifting of virus-free strawberry seedling.
According to the present invention, anther culture method described in step (1) is carried out by the prior art.
The tissue-cultured seedling that makes a variation according to currently preferred, described in step (1) is the tissue-cultured seedling of no apparent growing point；It is described
Variating seedling is the variating seedling of blade serious distortion, non-pumping stolon, only bloom not result, fruit severe deformities.
According to currently preferred, in step (2), plough deeply before sandy loam or loam, sandy loam or loam are applied
Fertilizer applies well-rotted farmyard manure 4500kg, urea 10kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg per acre.
According to currently preferred, row spacing 2.0m described in step (2), the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 10cm.
According to currently preferred, in step (3), resident time is March or April, and daily mean temperature reaches 10-20
DEG C when.
According to currently preferred, in step (3), the spacing in the rows along ridge length direction is 50cm.
According to currently preferred, in step (3), it is colonized 1200 plants of virus-free strawberry original seed seedling per acre.
According to currently preferred, in step (4), before pumping stolon the first stalk seedling rooting, watering is only in trench digging
Trickle irrigation is poured once every 8-12d, keeps ground moistening；After first stalk seedling rooting, watering, which is only opened on ridge, sprays, every 6-8d
It pours primary.
According to currently preferred, in step (5), whether the lifting time according to resident time and can be planted from August
The first tenday period of a month continued to late September；Choose the virus-free strawberry seedling with following characteristics：No disease and pests harm has more than 4-5 pieces development normally
Blade, leaf color is bud green, new stem slightly more than 1cm, petiole it is short and thick without excessive growth, well developed root system, have more new root, most root longs
Up to 5-6cm and more than, single-strain fresh weight in 25-35g, under ground portion weight in more than 10g.
It is average to obtain ten thousand plants of virus-free strawberry seedling 3-5 per acre according to currently preferred.
According to the present invention, in virus-free strawberry seedling seedling raising process, the method for fertilising and watering can be carried out by the prior art.
According to currently preferred, the stolon phase is risen and majority is crawled in virus-free strawberry original seed seedling vigorous period, a large amount of take out
In three periods after crawl stem-root, respectively impose urea 15kg respectively per acre, the method for imposing is：It is first that urea is soluble in water, it recycles
Trickle irrigation and sprinkling irrigation apply nursery；Before seedling is played, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 20-40kg for the 0.5wt% that sprays per acre ensures strong
Seedling.
According to the present invention, other management are with reference to common strawberry seedling management technology.
The present invention technical characterstic and have the beneficial effect that：
(1) present invention carries out the rejecting of variating seedling during Anther Culture, can be by virus-free strawberry original seed seedling variation lines
Number control 0.1% hereinafter, avoid to greatest extent variation, serious reduce cannot even generate any economic effect in production
The virus-free strawberry original seed seedling of benefit comes into the market, and reduces the loss of strawberry nursery individual and farmer in production.Tissue culture detoxification
The aberration rate of virus-free strawberry seedling is 5% or so in journey, needs 1200 plants of virus-free strawberries per acre according to present invention breeding Strawberry Seedlings
Original seed seedling breeds 50,000 plants of Strawberry Seedlings to calculate per acre, average to breed 2500 plants of changes per acre if not rejecting variating seedling
Different Strawberry Seedlings, applied to 1.25 ten thousand yuan of direct economic loss or more can be caused in production.
(2) present invention is using the wide method for encircleing ridge bilateral planting out and seedling-growing, using wide arch ridge, on the two lateral extent ridges on ridge
Two rows are colonized at edge 5cm respectively；The field planting method of the present invention compares the field planting method of single ridge uniline, can improve the profit in soil
With rate, increase the breeding amount of Strawberry Seedlings.According to the long 33m of 0.07 hectare, wide 20m, single ridge single line mode row spacing 1.0m, furrow width 0.2m,
The area that breeding Strawberry Seedlings are actually used on ridge is 540m2, and row spacing 2.0m of the present invention, furrow width 0.2m are actually used on ridge numerous
The area for educating Strawberry Seedlings is 600m2, 11.1% practical ridge face area is had more, average 5000 plants of Strawberry Seedlings of breeding more per acre；Meanwhile
Virus-free strawberry original planting seedlings of the present invention are in the both sides on wide arch ridge, interior dropper of only ditching when watering early period, the more single ridge list of water consumption
Row method at least reduces 50%, opens on ridge and sprays again after later stage the first stalk of pumping stolon seedling rooting, at least reduces 30% and uses
Water, and due to being arch ridge when raining, the high 30cm in ridge, water can be in time discharged in ditch, can keep on ridge relatively arid, knot
The growths of weeds can be effectively reduced by closing overlay film, may also suppress the propagation of pathogen, and either weeding number is still gone and buy Chinese medicine number
All more single ridge uniline method reduces more than 1/3rd, so the wide arch ridge duplicate rows field planting method of the present invention is to Weeds distribution effect
Good, weeding recruitment is few, can at least reduce by 1/3rd laxatives and irrigation times, water consumption are small, can save labour and life
More than 30% production data cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wide arch ridge bilateral planting out and seedling-growing schematic diagram of virus-free strawberry of the present invention；
Wherein, 1, wide arch ridge, 2, ditch, 3, virus-free strawberry original planting seedlings position, 4, draw stolon among ridge.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but not limited to this.
Method described in following embodiments simultaneously, is conventional method unless otherwise specified；The material, such as without special
Illustrate, commercially obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, including step：
(1) the strawberry bud that monokaryon leans on border area is chosen, cleaning is flowed underwater cleaning 30min, placed for 24 hours in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, volume
Than impregnating 30s for 75% alcoholic solution, 8min is impregnated in 0.1wt% mercuric chloride solutions, aseptic water washing 5 times strips anther, inoculation
In the inducing culture for being 5.8 in pH value, the ingredient of inducing culture includes：MS minimal mediums+heteroauxin (IAA)
After cultivating 35d, the callus of induction is inoculated with by 4.0mg/L+ kinetins (KT) 2.0mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L+ agar 5.2g/L
The evoking adventive bud into the proliferated culture medium that pH value is 5.8, the ingredient of proliferated culture medium include：MS minimal mediums+auxin
(BA) 0.5mg/L+ heteroauxins (IAA) 0.2mg/L+ gibberellin (GA) 0.1mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L+ agar 5.2g/L, will obtain
The strawberry adventitious bud obtained carries out Multiplying culture；Often inoculation, which is once just rejected, during above-mentioned tissue cultures does not significantly grow once
The Plantlets of Strawberry of point, through 3-5 for Multiplying culture and after rejecting variating seedling, it is 5.8 that remaining Plantlets of Strawberry is transferred to pH value
Root media in, the ingredient of root media includes：1/2MS minimal mediums+indolebutyric acid (IBA) 0.5mg/L+ sucrose
The Strawberry Seedlings taken root after cultivating 18d, are carried out acclimatization and transplants, are moved after cultivating 20d in transplanting medium by 30g/L+ agar 5.2g/L
It plants detoxification to preserve in solarium, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 40cm, be preserved 1 year in detoxification preserves solarium, during which periodically to Strawberry Seedlings
It is observed, rejects the Strawberry Seedlings of blade serious distortion, non-pumping stolon, only bloom not result, fruit severe deformities.So as to
The coefficient of variation is controlled 0.1% hereinafter, obtaining virus-free strawberry original seed seedling.
(2) site preparation ridging：Choosing the soil is porous fertile sandy loam, applies well-rotted farmyard manure 4500kg, urea 10kg, phosphorus per acre
Acid dihydride potassium 10kg ploughs deeply sandy loam 20cm depths, then rakes and do ridge, and ridge is domes, row spacing 2.0m, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch
Wide 20cm, ditch depth 10cm；
(3) it is colonized：Resident time was 3 the end of month, when daily mean temperature reaches 10 DEG C, at two lateral extent ridge edge 5cm of ridge
The virus-free strawberry original seed seedling that field planting a line step (1) obtains respectively, the spacing in the rows along ridge length direction are 50cm；Ridge overlying after field planting
Dark mulch；Trickle irrigation in ditch is sprayed on ridge；It is colonized 1200 plants per acre；
(4) after being colonized, after stolon is sent out, remove mulch, ridge both sides stolon guided into the centre on ridge, seedling and seedling it
Between distance be more than or equal to 6cm；Before pumping stolon the first stalk seedling rooting, trickle irrigation in watering trench digging pours one every 10d
It is secondary, keep ground moistening；After pumping stolon the first stalk seedling rooting, watering, which is only opened on ridge, sprays, and is poured once every 7d.Extremely
Mid-August lifting, it is average breed per acre no disease and pests harm, there is more than 4-5 pieces normotrophic blade, leaf color is bud green, new stem is thick
More than 1cm, petiole it is short and thick without excessive growth, well developed root system, have more new root, most root longs up to 5-6cm and more than, single-strain fresh weight
In 30g or so, under ground portion weight in 50,000 plants of high-quality virus-free strawberry seedlings of more than 10g.
When three after virus-free strawberry original seed seedling vigorous period, a large amount of pumping liter stolon phases and majority crawl stem-root
Phase, respectively impose urea 15kg respectively per acre, the method for imposing is：It is first that urea is soluble in water, trickle irrigation and sprinkling irrigation is recycled to apply and educate
Miao Di；Before seedling is played, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 30kg for the 0.5wt% that sprays per acre ensures strong sprout.
Other management are with reference to common strawberry seedling management technology.
Embodiment 2
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, as described in Example 1, except that：
Row spacing 1.5m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 10cm in step (2)；
Other steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, as described in Example 1, except that：
Row spacing 2.5m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 10cm in step (2)；
Other steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, as described in Example 1, except that：
Step (3) is colonized：The virus-free strawberry that field planting a line step (1) obtains respectively at two lateral extent ridge edge 5cm of ridge
Original seed seedling, the spacing in the rows along ridge length direction are 40cm；Overlying dark color mulch in ridge after field planting；
Other steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
A kind of virus-free strawberry method for culturing seedlings, as described in Example 1, except that：
In step (1), tissue-cultured seedling is obtained using anther culture method according to the method for embodiment 1, in tissue culture procedures
In without variation reject；Acclimatization and transplants are carried out after tissue-cultured seedling culture is taken root as described in Example 1, are trained in transplanting medium
Virus-free strawberry original seed seedling is obtained after supporting 30d；
Other nursery steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
A kind of unilateral uniline field planting strawberry seedling propagation method, as described in Example 1, except that：
Using single ridge uniline field planting method, i.e., in step (2), rake and do ridge, row spacing 1.5m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 35cm,
Ditch depth 30cm；It is colonized in step (3)：On the one side on ridge, the virus-free strawberry that a line step (1) obtains is colonized at the 15cm of ridge side
Original seed seedling, the spacing in the rows along ridge length direction are 50cm；Overlying dark color mulch in ridge after field planting；
Other nursery steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Test example
The method for culturing seedlings of embodiment 1,2,3,4 and comparative example 1-2 is checked and rated, it is as a result as shown in table 1 below：
1 appraisal result of table
Comprehensive analysis, ridge is narrower, and the quantity of ditch will be more, so land use increase rate can reduce；Ridge is wider, still
Wide Strawberry Seedlings stolon extend so far, can waste the utilization rate in soil yet, cause land use increase rate that can drop yet
It is low；And spacing in the rows reduces, virus-free strawberry original planting seedlings amount increases, but total nursery amount is certain, and cost is caused to increase.Institute
With the specific method of the present invention had not only solved the problems, such as the variation of virus-free strawberry original seed seedling, but also solve virus-free strawberry original seed seedling and exist
Land utilization ratio is high in reproductive process, breeding inefficient, while reduces the dosage of water and drug, reduce labour into
This, significantly improves the economic benefit of strawberry seedling breeding.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry, including step：
(1) virus-free strawberry tissue-cultured seedling is obtained using anther culture method, variation tissue-cultured seedling is rejected during tissue culture expanding propagation；It is remaining
It transplants to detoxification solarium, preserved in detoxification solarium and observes 1 year after virus-free strawberry tissue culture seedling rooting, during which reject variating seedling, it will
Coefficient of variation control is 0.1% hereinafter, obtaining virus-free strawberry original seed seedling；
(2) site preparation ridging：Choosing the soil is porous fertile sandy loam or loam, ploughs deeply 20-30cm depths, then rakes and do ridge, ridge is
Domes, row spacing 1.5-2.5m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20-30cm, ditch depth 10-15cm；
(3) it is colonized：The virus-free strawberry original seed seedling that field planting a line step (1) obtains respectively at two lateral extent ridge edge 5cm of ridge, edge
The spacing in the rows of ridge length direction is 40-50cm；Overlying dark color mulch in ridge after field planting；Trickle irrigation in ditch is sprayed on ridge；
(4) after stolon is sent out, mulch is removed, ridge both sides stolon is guided into the centre on ridge, the distance between Miao Yumiao is more than
Equal to 6cm；
(5) lifting of virus-free strawberry seedling.
2. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1)
The variation tissue-cultured seedling is the tissue-cultured seedling of no apparent growing point；The variating seedling be blade serious distortion, non-pumping stolon,
The variating seedling for not result, the fruit severe deformities of only blooming.
3. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2),
Plough deeply before sandy loam or loam, apply fertilizer to sandy loam or loam, apply per acre well-rotted farmyard manure 4500kg, urea 10kg,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg.
4. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2)
The row spacing 2.0m, the high 30cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 10cm.
5. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3),
Resident time is March or April, when daily mean temperature reaches 10-20 DEG C.
6. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3),
Spacing in the rows along ridge length direction is 50cm；Preferably, it is colonized 1200 plants of virus-free strawberry original seed seedling per acre.
7. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4),
Before pumping stolon the first stalk seedling rooting, trickle irrigation in watering trench digging is poured once every 8-12d, keeps ground moistening；The
After one stalk seedling rooting, watering, which is only opened on ridge, sprays, and is poured once every 6-8d.
8. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5),
The lifting time can continue according to resident time and whether being planted from early August to late September；It chooses with following characteristics
Virus-free strawberry seedling：No disease and pests harm has that more than 4-5 pieces normotrophic blade, leaf color be bud green, new stem is slightly in more than 1cm, petiole
It is short and thick without excessive growth, well developed root system, have more new root, most root long up to 5-6cm and more than, single-strain fresh weight is in 25-35g, underground
Moiety by weight is in more than 10g.
9. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that average to obtain per acre
To ten thousand plants of virus-free strawberry seedling 3-5.
10. the wide arch ridge bilateral fixed seedling method of virus-free strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in detoxification grass
Certain kind of berries original seed seedling vigorous period, a large amount of take out rise the stolon phase and majority is crawled three periods after stem-root, respectively impose respectively per acre
Urea 15kg, the method for imposing are：It is first that urea is soluble in water, trickle irrigation and sprinkling irrigation is recycled to apply nursery；Before seedling is played, is sprayed per acre
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 20-40kg of 0.5wt% is filled, ensures strong sprout.
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| CN109348942A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-19 | 桂林市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of mulch laying apparatus |
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| CN109348942A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-19 | 桂林市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of mulch laying apparatus |
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Inventor after: Li Gongcun Inventor after: Wang Jianping Inventor after: Gu Liang Inventor after: Su Jiaming Inventor after: Sha Yufen Inventor after: Zhao Lingling Inventor after: Liu Xiaohong Inventor after: Zhang Shuo Inventor before: Li Gongcun Inventor before: Su Jiaming Inventor before: Gu Liang Inventor before: Wang Jianping Inventor before: Sha Yufen Inventor before: Zhao Lingling Inventor before: Liu Xiaohong Inventor before: Zhang Shuo |
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Denomination of invention: A method for bilateral colonization and seedling raising of virus-free strawberry with wide arch ridge Effective date of registration: 20211123 Granted publication date: 20201211 Pledgee: Yantai Fushan huiran Private Capital Management Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: SHANDONG YANTAI AGRICULTURAL SCI & TECH INSTITUTE Registration number: Y2021980012999 |
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Date of cancellation: 20220505 Granted publication date: 20201211 Pledgee: Yantai Fushan huiran Private Capital Management Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: SHANDONG YANTAI AGRICULTURAL SCI & TECH INSTITUTE Registration number: Y2021980012999 |
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