CN107135784A - A kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107135784A CN107135784A CN201710402704.5A CN201710402704A CN107135784A CN 107135784 A CN107135784 A CN 107135784A CN 201710402704 A CN201710402704 A CN 201710402704A CN 107135784 A CN107135784 A CN 107135784A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method, belongs to growing vegetables technical field, it is characterized in that site preparation link is watered after first plastic film mulch；The dry ground that a layer thickness is less than 0.5cm is spread after emerging on mulch film；Field management link hack lever height is 1.7 1.8 meters, and every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame, every 4 plant of 1 bundle, 15 centimetres of frame pole embedded depth in every furrow.The present invention can improve seeding ratio；After emerging, soil is covered a thin sheet of in mulch film overlying, it is therefore prevented that weeds bursting mulch film plays a part of shading simultaneously, it is suppressed that weed growth, has subtracted the work of manpower weeding；Reduce hack lever height, more conventional method falls climing in advance, effectively suppresses apical dominance, promotes middle and lower part branch and bloom to bear pods, improve Pod Bearing Percentage of blooming, reduce the difficulty of harvesting, add yield, improve operating efficiency, serve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, and specially a kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method, this method can also be applied
It is a kind of implantation methods that can extensively use for reference and use in the cultivation of the outdoor vegetables such as cucurbita pepo, pumpkin, tomato, capsicum.
Background technology
Kidney bean is one of important outdoor vegetable kinds of planting of China.Production at present is upper main using whole after first basal dressing
Ground, water and then sow, covering with plastic film, put seedling in time after emerging, hoe up weeds, the conventional field management such as built.There is following ask
Topic：Early spring ground temperature is low, water suction is slow, easy rotten kind, often results in and is seriously short of seedling；Because of covering with plastic film after insemination and emergence, seedling, one are put in time
Denier puts that seedling is slow, and the time seedling at a noon can just be burnt to death by mulch film；In seedling stage, while plant strain growth, weeds overgrow usually
Bursting mulch film, it is necessary to manpower weeding；Using more than 2 meters of hack lever, growing way is vigorous, bears pods and concentrates on plant middle and upper part, especially exists
More than 1.7 meters of beanpod, harvesting position is too highly difficult big for most farmers, and efficiency is low.
The content of the invention
For above production status, the present invention proposes a kind of open country bean cv method, and the present invention before sowing by first covering
Water, then sow after film, reach soil moisture conservation, water saving, improve ground temperature, promote the effect of germination, covered after emerging on film
A thin layer soil, rises and suppresses weed growth, subtract the effect of manpower weeding；Rational close planting, arranges the seeding row spacing of science, from height
Relatively low hack lever, reaches and puts climing in good time, suppresses nutrient growth, promotes middle and lower part branch and the effect that bears pods of blooming, and then reduce harvesting
Difficulty, increases yield, realizes the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.
To realize object above, a kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method of the invention comprises the following steps：
（1）Site preparation, do furrow, plastic film mulch, water.Base fertilizer is applied to be ploughed.East and West direction ridging does furrow, is 7 per furrow East and West direction length
Rice, north-south width be 2.4 meters, 20 centimetres of ridge across back, ridge is high 15 centimetres, be laid side by side in furrow it is two 1.2 meters wide, 0.05 centimetre
Thick mulch film.4 row kind plant holes are set per furrow, and line-spacing is that acupuncture point is planted by 60 centimetres, furrow ridge in from the centimeters of furrow ridge 20, spacing in the rows 50-
60 centimetres, plant hole is planted per adjacent rows mutual dislocation, is planted with tack scoop on mulch film and linear 10-15 centimetres is scratched at acupuncture point
Mouth.Flood irrigation is carried out in the fine day morning to water, moisture under kind of plant hole and surrounding furrow ridge edge by oozing.
（2）Managed after sowing and emerging.From type Bean Varieties of overgrowing.After 3-5 fine day of weather conditions, ground table
Native 2-3 centimeters are dry soil, carry out bunch planting, dig 4-5 centimetres of acupoint depth, per cave program request dry seedses 2-3, in covering furrow ridge
Portion's moisture soil, is gently patted with scoop, slightly suppressed, and mulch film mouthful is tight with grave.7 days or so tidy seedlings outputs, tidy seedlings output is after 5 days on mulch film
Spreading soil makes it cover the cm thick dry ground earth of a thin layer 0.5.Tidy seedlings output final singling after 7-15 days, 2 plants of strong sprouts are stayed per cave.
（3）Field management：Bay, draws climing, after planting 25 days, built when plant 3-4 piece leaves start to get rid of climing was existed from height
Every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame in 1.7-1.8 meters of hack lever, every furrow, and every 4 plant of 1 bundle, frame pole buries 15 centimetres deeply.Its
It is remaining water, apply fertilizer, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is Routine Management.
（4）Harvesting：Kidney bean 7-10 months harvest successively, and the early stage that bears pods and later stage are general every harvesting in 2-3 days, full bloom pod phase 1-
Harvest 1 time within 2 days.Early October uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
The present invention is using after above technical scheme, compared with prior art, with advantages below：
(1) first plastic film mulch, scratches linear mouth, then flood irrigation is watered, and moisture is by planting under pocket on film at planting pit position
Ooze, water uniform, 3-5 days before subsequent sowing, planting pit and its neighbouring surface soil moisture evaporation, remaining position is by ground
Film covering prevents moisture evaporation, improves ground temperature, for spring arid, wind is big, ground temperature it is low under conditions of sow, can improve kind
Sub- emergence rate, drought resisting, water saving, saving of labor etc..
(2) after emerging, soil is covered a thin sheet of in mulch film overlying, it is therefore prevented that weeds bursting mulch film plays the work of shading simultaneously
With, it is suppressed that weed growth, subtract the work of manpower weeding.
(3) rational close planting, sets every two row mutually to stagger and the wider spacing in the rows of more conventional plantation, line-spacing, reduces simultaneously
Hack lever height, more conventional method falls climing in advance, and bottom branch blade ventilation and penetrating light is not influenceed, effectively suppresses apical dominance, promotes
Reproductive growth, promotes Collateral regeneration and blooms to bear pods, improve Pod Bearing Percentage of blooming, while efficiently reducing the difficulty of harvesting, increase
Add yield, improved operating efficiency, serve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.
(4) this method has exploitativeness, can be widely applied.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is claim and core without limiting the present invention in any way for the ease of understanding the present invention
Content.
Embodiment 1
（1）Site preparation, do furrow, plastic film mulch, water.On April 11st, 2015 applies base fertilizer and ploughed, and mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil：Fully becoming thoroughly decomposed has
Machine 20 kilograms of 4000 kilograms+potassium sulfate of fertilizer, ploughs deeply 30 centimetres, rake is carefully raked after spreading fertilizer over the fields.East and West direction ridging does furrow, per furrow East and West direction
Length be 7 meters, north-south width be 2.4 meters, 20 centimetres of ridge across back, ridge is high 15 centimetres, be laid side by side in furrow it is two 1.2 meters wide,
0.05 cm thick mulch film.4 row kind plant holes are set per furrow, and line-spacing is that kind plant hole is from the centimeters of furrow ridge 20, strain by 60 centimetres, furrow ridge
Away from 50 centimetres, plant hole is planted per adjacent rows mutual dislocation, is planted with tack scoop on mulch film and linear 15 centimetres is scratched at acupuncture point
Mouth.Morning April 16 carries out flood irrigation and watered, and moisture under kind of plant hole and surrounding furrow ridge edge by oozing.
（2）Managed after sowing and emerging.From type Bean Varieties of overgrowing " Shanxi Kidney bean 3 ", dry kind of crop field was carried out on April 20
Bunch planting, digs moisture soil inside the cm of acupoint depth 5, every cave program request dry seedses 3, covering furrow ridge, is gently patted with scoop, slightly
Suppression, mulch film mouthful is tight with grave.April 27 tidy seedlings output, May 2, mulch film overlying covered a thin sheet of about 0.5 cm thick dry ground earth.May
Final singling on the 8th, 2 plants of strong sprouts are stayed per cave.
（3）Field management：May 15 built, the hack lever from height at 1.7 meters or so, hack lever buries 20 cms,
Every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame, every 4 plant of 1 bundle in per furrow.Remaining waters, applied fertilizer, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is conventional pipe
Reason.
（4）Harvesting：Kidney bean 28 days-September in June is harvested successively at the beginning of 20 days, and September is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested on the 20th.
The present embodiment is provided with the comparative example of conventional open country bean cv method.As a result show, the present invention and conventional side
Method compares：Being watered after first overlay film prevents moisture largely to evaporate, and improves ground temperature, and after planting emergence rate is significantly improved；After emerging
Earthing prevents weeds in field bursting mulch film and plays interception on film, it is suppressed that weed growth, has subtracted manpower weeding
Work；Rational close planting, sets every two row mutually to stagger and the wider spacing in the rows of more conventional plantation, line-spacing, while it is high to reduce hack lever
Degree, effectively suppresses apical dominance, promotes reproductive growth, promotes Collateral regeneration and blooms to bear pods, improve Pod Bearing Percentage of blooming, simultaneously
The difficulty of harvesting is efficiently reduced, yield is added, improves operating efficiency, serve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.Through meter in detail
Calculate result of the test as follows：Cultural method of the present invention, emergence rate improves 5%, reduces water consumption 18%, saves recruitment 25%, and yield increases
Plus 15%.
Embodiment 2
（1）Site preparation, do furrow, plastic film mulch, water.On April 19th, 2015 applies base fertilizer and ploughed, and mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil：4 side's chicken manures+50
Kilogram+15 kilograms of potassium sulfates of composite fertilizer, plough deeply 30 centimetres, rake is carefully raked after spreading fertilizer over the fields.East and West direction ridging does furrow, long per furrow East and West direction
Spend for 5 meters, north-south width is 2.4 meters, and 20 centimetres of ridge across back, ridge is high 15 centimetres, be laid side by side in furrow it is two 1.2 meters wide,
0.05 cm thick mulch film.4 row kind plant holes are set per furrow, and line-spacing is that kind plant hole is from the centimeters of furrow ridge 20, strain by 60 centimetres, furrow ridge
Away from 50 centimetres, plant hole is planted per adjacent rows mutual dislocation, is planted with tack scoop on mulch film and linear 12-15 lis is scratched at acupuncture point
The mouth of rice.Morning April 20 carries out flood irrigation and watered, and moisture under kind of plant hole and surrounding furrow ridge edge by oozing.
（2）Managed after sowing and emerging.From type Bean Varieties of overgrowing " Thailand frame beans king ", carried out crop field April 25 and do
Bunch planting is planted, moisture soil inside the cm of acupoint depth 5, every cave program request dry seedses 3, covering furrow ridge is dug, is gently patted with scoop, slightly
Plus suppress, mulch film mouthful is tight with grave.May 1 tidy seedlings output, May 5, mulch film overlying covered a thin sheet of about 0.5 cm thick dry ground earth.5
Moon final singling on the 9th, 2 plants of strong sprouts are stayed per cave.
（3）Field management：May 15 built, the hack lever from height at 1.7-1.8 meters or so, hack lever buries 15 centimetres
Every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame, every 41 bundles in left and right, every furrow.Remaining waters, applied fertilizer, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is normal
Regulate reason.
（4）Harvesting：Kidney bean 1 day-September in July is harvested successively at the beginning of 22 days, and September is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested on the 23rd.
The present embodiment is provided with the comparative example of conventional open country bean cv method.As a result show, the present invention and conventional side
Method compares：Being watered after first overlay film prevents moisture largely to evaporate, and improves ground temperature, and after planting emergence rate is significantly improved；After emerging
Earthing prevents weeds in field bursting mulch film and plays interception on film, it is suppressed that weed growth, has subtracted manpower weeding
Work；Rational close planting, sets every two row mutually to stagger and the wider spacing in the rows of more conventional plantation, line-spacing, while it is high to reduce hack lever
Degree, effectively suppresses apical dominance, promotes reproductive growth, promotes Collateral regeneration and blooms to bear pods, improve Pod Bearing Percentage of blooming, simultaneously
The difficulty of harvesting is efficiently reduced, yield is added, improves operating efficiency, serve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.Through meter in detail
Calculate result of the test as follows：Cultural method of the present invention, emergence rate improves 6%, reduces water consumption 15%, saves recruitment 22%, and yield increases
Plus 13%.
Embodiment 3
（1）Site preparation, do furrow, plastic film mulch, water.On April 21st, 2016 applies base fertilizer and ploughed, and mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil：2 side's chicken manures+
+ 15 kilograms of potassium sulfates of 2000 kilograms of abundant decomposed manures, plough deeply 30 centimetres, rake is carefully raked after spreading fertilizer over the fields.East and West direction ridging does furrow,
It it is 6.5 meters per furrow East and West direction length, north-south width is 2.4 meters, and 20 centimetres of ridge across back, ridge is high 15 centimetres, is laid side by side in furrow
It is two 1.2 meters wide, 0.05 cm thick mulch film.4 row kind plant holes are set per furrow, and line-spacing is that kind plant hole is from furrow by 60 centimetres, furrow ridge
The centimeters of ridge 20,50 centimetres of spacing in the rows plants plant hole per adjacent rows mutual dislocation, is planted and is drawn at acupuncture point on mulch film with tack scoop
The mouth that 15 centimetres of the shape that bursts at the seams.Morning April 22 carries out flood irrigation and watered, and moisture under kind of plant hole and surrounding furrow ridge edge by oozing.
（2）Managed after sowing and emerging.From type Bean Varieties of overgrowing " refreshing ox No. 1 ", April 25 carried out crop field Gan Zhong caves
Broadcast, dig moisture soil inside the cm of acupoint depth 5, every cave program request dry seedses 3, covering furrow ridge, gently patted with scoop, slightly town
Pressure, mulch film mouthful is tight with grave.May 1 day tidy seedlings output, May 4, mulch film overlying covered a thin sheet of about 0.5 cm thick dry ground earth.May 8
Day final singling, 2 plants of strong sprouts are stayed per cave.
（3）Field management：May 15 built, the hack lever from height at 1.7-1.8 meters or so, hack lever buries 15 centimetres
Every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame, every 41 bundles in left and right, every furrow.Remaining waters, applied fertilizer, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is normal
Regulate reason.
（4）Harvesting：Kidney bean 30 days-September in June is harvested successively at the beginning of 15 days, and September is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested on the 18th.
The present embodiment is provided with the comparative example of conventional open country bean cv method.As a result show, the present invention and conventional side
Method compares：Being watered after first overlay film prevents moisture largely to evaporate, and improves ground temperature, and after planting emergence rate is significantly improved；After emerging
Earthing prevents weeds in field bursting mulch film and plays interception on film, it is suppressed that weed growth, has subtracted manpower weeding
Work；Rational close planting, sets every two row mutually to stagger and the wider spacing in the rows of more conventional plantation, line-spacing, while it is high to reduce hack lever
Degree, effectively suppresses apical dominance, promotes reproductive growth, promotes Collateral regeneration and blooms to bear pods, improve Pod Bearing Percentage of blooming, simultaneously
The difficulty of harvesting is efficiently reduced, yield is added, improves operating efficiency, serve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency.Through meter in detail
Calculate result of the test as follows：Cultural method of the present invention, emergence rate improves 3%, reduces water consumption 16%, saves recruitment 19%, and yield increases
Plus 12%.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method, it is characterized in that site preparation link is watered after first plastic film mulch；Spread after emerging on mulch film
A layer thickness is less than 0.5cm dry ground；Field management link hack lever height is 1.7-1.8 meters, and every 4 plants of adjacent rows are taken in every furrow
Herringbone frame, every 41 bundles, 15 centimetres of frame pole embedded depth.
2. a kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it is 60 centimetres to plant plant hole line-spacing, spacing in the rows is
50-60 centimetres.
3. a kind of outdoor vegetable cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps：
（1）Site preparation, do furrow, plastic film mulch, water：Base fertilizer is applied to be ploughed；East and West direction ridging does furrow, is 7 per furrow East and West direction length
Rice, north-south width be 2.4 meters, 20 centimetres of ridge across back, ridge is high 15 centimetres, be laid side by side in furrow it is two 1.2 meters wide, 0.05 centimetre
Thick mulch film；
4 row kind plant holes are set per furrow, and line-spacing is that acupuncture point is planted by 60 centimetres, furrow ridge in from the centimeters of furrow ridge 20,50-60 lis of spacing in the rows
Rice, plants plant hole per adjacent rows mutual dislocation, is planted with tack scoop on mulch film and scratch linear 10-15 centimetres at acupuncture point
Mouthful；Watered on film, using flood irrigation mode；
（2）Managed after sowing and emerging：Flood irrigation dries 3-5 fine day after watering, ground table soil 2-3 centimeters are dry soil,
Bunch planting is carried out, 4-5 centimetres of acupoint depth is dug, per cave program request dry seedses 2-3, moisture soil inside covering furrow ridge；Tidy seedlings output mulch film after 5 days
On spread the dry ground earth of one layer of 0.5 cm thick；Tidy seedlings output final singling after 7-15 days, 2 plants of strong sprouts are stayed per cave；
（3）Field management：Bay, draws climing, after sowing 25 days, built when plant 3-4 piece leaves start to get rid of climing, from height in 1.7-
Every 4 plants of adjacent rows take herringbone frame in 1.8 meters of hack lever, every furrow, and every 4 plant of 1 bundle, frame pole buries 15 centimetres deeply；
（4）Harvesting：Kidney bean 7-10 months harvest successively, and the early stage that bears pods and later stage harvested every 2-3 days, full bloom pod phase harvesting 1 in 1-2 days
It is secondary.
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| CN201710402704.5A CN107135784B (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2017-06-01 | Open field vegetable cultivation method |
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| CN201710402704.5A CN107135784B (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2017-06-01 | Open field vegetable cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108967072A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-11 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | It is a kind of prevent the bacillary stem soft rot of melon vegetables fall climing method |
| CN113940225A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-18 | 刘永刚 | Red sand seed field-exposing seedling raising method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113940225A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-18 | 刘永刚 | Red sand seed field-exposing seedling raising method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107135784B (en) | 2020-01-03 |
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