CN103120091A - Persimmon tree quick seedling culture method - Google Patents
Persimmon tree quick seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103120091A CN103120091A CN2013100592480A CN201310059248A CN103120091A CN 103120091 A CN103120091 A CN 103120091A CN 2013100592480 A CN2013100592480 A CN 2013100592480A CN 201310059248 A CN201310059248 A CN 201310059248A CN 103120091 A CN103120091 A CN 103120091A
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Abstract
The invention relates to fruit tree seedling culture technology, in particular to a persimmon tree quick seedling culture method. The persimmon tree quick seedling culture method includes the following steps: site selection and soil preparation; cord frame heightening to be beds; seed soaking and germination accelerating; seeding in proper time; arc-shaped shed covering; management in sheds; early grafting; nursery stock management; and nursery stock maturing. The persimmon tree quick seedling culture method is short in period, convenient to operate, easy to popularize and use, in addition, grafting survival rates are high, nursery stock grows uniformly, the height of the nursery stock can reach more than 1.5m, outplanting rates can be 90%, and the obvious economic benefits of seeding, grafting and outplanting at the same year can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree seedling culture technology, be specifically related to a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
The persimmon life-span is long, and damage by disease and insect is few, and strong adaptability is drought-resistant, and is barren-resistant, and management easily all has plantation in China Plain, mountain area, is famous " woody grain " plant, and its fruits nutrition is abundant, and sugar content is high, can process numerous food.In recent years, along with the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, the persimmon planting area increases sharply, the especially great development of flat area, and the nursery stock demand is increasing.Conventional persimmon growing-seedling period is long, and cost is high, and seedling quality is low, generally needs 2-3 to go out the garden.Nursery stock can not be satisfied Production requirement, is that persimmon is grown seedlings and is badly in need of a technical barrier solving in producing.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in and overcome deficiency of the prior art, utilize plastic canopy and plastic mulching, improve ground temperature and temperature, extend vegetative period; Relative low temperature optimum period grafting improves graft survival rate and outplanting rate; Shorten growing-seedling period, reach sowing then, grafting then, go out then the purpose in garden, provide short, instant effect of a kind of cycle, easy to operate, easily apply, a kind of fast seedling-cultivating method of remarkable in economical benefits.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method, realize by following steps:
The whole ground of step 1, addressing: nursery lot selects row irrigation good, and the sandy loam of fertile soil, every 666.7 ㎡ are executed become thoroughly decomposed pure chicken manure 2000 ㎏, composite fertilizer 100 ㎏, phosphate fertilizer 25 ㎏, then ploughs deeply, soil disinfection, levels land;
The high bed of step 2, cold bed: north and south, seedbed row to, the furrow of getting up are done;
Step 3, presoaking and germinating: select drought resisting, date-plum persimmon that cold hardiness is strong to make stock, carry out presoaking and germinating when 0 ℃ of 5 ℃ of temperature, ground temperature;
Step 4, begin sowing in good time: sow at once when seed has 1/3 to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Step 5, covering with plastic film, button shed: covering with plastic film after planting, then detain shed;
Step 6, break mulch film: after seed sprouting, constantly pine stubble, mulch film is broken an osculum above bud, help the young shoot growth;
Step 7, regulating and controlling temperature: in shed, temperature should remain between 28-35 ℃;
Step 8, take off film management: when difficult control of temperature in shed removes shed in time below 40 ℃, strengthen leaking informaton hardening before removing shed, progressively the shed film is removed, weed a garden immediately after membrane removal, water, and every 666.7 ㎡ execute urea 20 ㎏, spray 0.3 ﹪ urea liquid fertilizer in blade face after two weeks, every two weeks once accelerates seedling growth;
Step 9, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in conjunction with foliage spray, with 2000 times of Methomyl control defoliators, prevent and treat powdery mildew with 800 times of triadimefons;
Step 10, optimum period grafting: the grafting when 28 ℃ of 0.8 ㎝, temperature of nursery stock ground;
The management of step 11, nursery stock: after the grafting bud survived, 1 ㎝ place secondary was cut anvil on bud, promoted to budder sprouting, and in time lighten restrictions on that urea, reinforcement rich water quality management, intertill and clean tillage and prevention and elimination of disease and pests were executed one time in the rudiment on the basic anvil of erasing in every 20 days.
Concrete, in described step 2, wide 1.1 ~ 1.2cm under the cold bed bed, upper wide 80 ~ 90 ㎝, the height of bed 15 ~ 20 ㎝ hug dry harrowing with the ridge-up bed end face broken, and sloped sides is suppressed, and waters depositing in water after the leveling of furrow face real.
Concrete, in described step 3, described presoaking and germinating is first the date-plum persimmon seed to be soaked in clear water 1 ~ 2 day, pulls rear clear water out and rinses, and is contained in plastic sack, is placed directly under sunshine and is exposed to the sun, move to indoor night, rinsed every 3 days and stir 1 time.
Concrete, every drill seeding kind 4 row during described step 4 sowing, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 ㎝, first open dark 2 ㎝ shallow ridges at the furrow face sowing time, waters sufficient water in ditch, after water oozes with the seed that germinates by 8 ~ 10 ㎝ spacing in the rows program requests, then cover fine earth, hug flat furrow face.
Concrete, in described step 5, the button shed is to do bow member with the long bamboo chip of 1.5m, and insert in soil at two ends, inserts bamboo chip of arch at interval of 1.5m, and two waists have rope made of hemp series connection to reinforce, and it is wide that bow member covers 1.5m, and the thick polyvinyl chloride of 0.03 ㎜ is without dripping a film, surrounding compacting.
Concrete, in described step 10, watered one time water in front 3 days in grafting, grafting part is controlled at apart from ground 20 ㎝ places, adopts "T"-shaped bud grafting, and it is large that the bud sheet is wanted, and it is fast that speed is wanted, and binding is tight, in time stays 2 leaves to cut anvil more than the grafting bud, and promotion grafting bud survives sprouting.
Seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention and conventional seedbed system have significant difference: seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention is to sow in advance, utilize shed to add the covering with plastic film facility, improve ground temperature and temperature, improve the seedling growth environmental condition, than early about 40 days sowing time of conventional seedbed system method; Grafting in advance, improve survival rate, due to sowing in advance, promoted the tachyauxesis of rootstock seedling, in the grafting optimum temperature phase, stock face rugosity all reached the grafting standard, and survival rate is high, than about 70 days in advance conventional seedbed system grafting time, and conventional seedbed system is due to evening in sowing time, rootstock seedling growth is short and slow, has missed the grafting best period when reaching grafting rugosity standard, can not grafting; Extend vegetative period and go out then the garden, the increment of organism of grafting finished product seedling has been accelerated in grafting in advance, extended the seedling growth peak period about 50 days, improved seedling quality and quantity, reached and go out then the garden, and conventional seedbed system evening in sowing time, the seedling growth phase is short, poor growth, and rootstock seedling does not reach the grafting standard then, can not grafting go out the garden, need the Second Year grafting just can go out the garden.
The present invention has following remarkable result:
1, seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention utilizes shed to add the mulch film breeding and seedling nursing with equipment, and sowing ahead of time extends vegetative period.Reached sowing then, grafting then, the effect of seedling then, this kind method is easy to operate, is easy to promote, and makes seedling cost reduce by 45 ﹪, economic benefit be conventional seedbed system 2-3 doubly.
2, seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention adopts the grafting of "T"-shaped large bud sheet, and relative low temperature phase grafting in advance more than graft survival rate 90 ﹪, has solved persimmon conventional seedbed system graft survival rate, technical barrier that outplanting rate is low.
3, stay 2-3 sheet leaf in time to cut anvil on seedling-cultivating method grafting bud provided by the invention, be conducive to the nutriment centralizedly supply, the callus that promotes to budder produces and survives sprouting, has improved the survival rate of nursery stock, has guaranteed seedling quality.
4, fast seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention is saved and dropped into, and is easy to operate, easily applies, and survival rate is high, and seedling growth is neat, more than seedling height reaches 1.5m, outplanting rate reaches 90 ﹪, has reached sowing then, grafting then, seedling purpose then, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
Below by concrete case study on implementation, invention is further described, following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.
The fast seedling-cultivating method of persimmon is completed through step once: manage → do sth. in advance grafting → nursery stock management → finished nursery in the high bed → presoaking and germinating of the whole ground → cold bed of the addressing → button shed → canopy of beginning sowing in good time → covers.
1, the whole ground of addressing
Nursery lot selects row irrigation good, the fertile soil sandy loam; Freeze-up front every 667 ㎡ execute Chicken dung 2000 ㎏, composite fertilizer 100 ㎏, phosphate fertilizer 25 ㎏, ferrous sulfate 20 ㎏ plough deeply, and soil disinfection is leveled land;
2, cold bed is made bed
The furrow of getting up after garden ground is smooth are done, and north and south, seedbed row is to, wide 1.1-1.2 ㎝ under the cold bed bed, upper wide 80-90 ㎝, and height of bed 15-20 ㎝ hugs flat rake with the ridge-up bed face broken, and sloped sides is suppressed, and waters depositing in water real;
3, presoaking and germinating
Select drought resisting, date-plum persimmon that cold hardiness is strong to make stock, carry out presoaking and germinating when 0 ℃ of 5 ℃ of temperature, ground temperature, the date-plum persimmon seed was soaked in clear water 1-2 days, pull rear clear water out and rinse, be contained in plastic sack, be placed directly under sunshine and be exposed to the sun, move to indoor heat insulating night, rinsed every 3 days and stir 1 time;
4, begin sowing in good time
Sow at once when seed has 1/3 to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, every drill seeding kind 4 row, line-spacing 30-35 ㎝, first open dark 2 ㎝ shallow ridges at the furrow face sowing time, waters sufficient water in ditch, after water oozes with the leaf that germinates by the program request of 8-10 ㎝ spacing in the rows, then cover fine earth, hug flat furrow face;
5, covering with plastic film, the button shed
﹙ 1 ﹚ after planting in time covers the wide mulch film of 1.5m on ridge-up bed;
﹙ 2 ﹚ button sheds: do bow member with the bamboo chip that 1.5m is long, insert in soil at two ends, inserts bamboo chip of arch at interval of 1.5m, and two waists have rope made of hemp series connection to reinforce, and then cover 1.5m wide, and the thick polyvinyl chloride of 0.03 ㎜ is without dripping a film, surrounding compacting;
6, management in canopy
﹙ 1 ﹚ breaks mulch film: after seed sprouting, constantly check, in time mulch film be broken an osculum above bud, help the young shoot growth;
﹙ 2 ﹚ regulating and controlling temperatures: when temperature of shed leaked informaton at once up to time more than 30 ℃, in time close the mouth that leaks informaton afternoon, makes temperature of shed keep being no more than 35 ℃ and be advisable;
﹙ 3 ﹚ take off the canopy film: remove the canopy film when temperature of shed is difficult to be controlled at below 40 ℃, takes off and strengthen leaking informaton hardening before film, progressively the canopy film is removed;
﹙ 4 ﹚ fertilizing, waterings: weed a garden immediately after membrane removal, water, and every 666.7 ㎡ execute urea 20 ㎏, spray 0.3 ﹪ urea liquid fertilizers in blade faces after two weeks, every 20 days are once, accelerate seedling growth;
﹙ 5 ﹚ prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in conjunction with foliage spray, with 2000 times of Methomyl control defoliators, prevent and treat powdery mildew with 800 times of triadimefons;
7, grafting in good time
﹙ 1 ﹚ is according to the seedling growth situation, the grafting when 28 ℃ of 0.8 ㎝, temperature of nursery stock ground;
﹙ 2 ﹚ adopt "T"-shaped bud grafting, and it is large that the bud sheet is wanted, and water was watered one time in grafting in front 3 days, and it is fast that speed is wanted, and binding is tight;
﹙ 3 ﹚ grafting part are 20 ㎝ apart from ground, in time stay 2 leaves to cut anvil more than the grafting bud, promote the grafting bud to survive sprouting;
8, nursery stock management
After ﹙ 1 ﹚ grafting bud survived, 1 ㎝ place secondary was cut anvil on bud, promotes to budder sprouting, and in time lightens restrictions on;
﹙ 2 ﹚ in time erase rudiment and nursery stock lateral bud on basic anvil reduce nutrient consumption, guarantee the nutrition centralizedly supply, promote seedling growth;
﹙ 3 ﹚ strengthen rich water quality management, and in time intertill and clean tillage, executed urea one time in every 20 days, notice that damage by disease and insect occurs and control.
Claims (6)
1. a persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, realizes by following steps:
The whole ground of step 1, addressing: nursery lot selects row irrigation good, and the sandy loam of fertile soil, every 666.7 ㎡ are executed become thoroughly decomposed pure chicken manure 2000 ㎏, composite fertilizer 100 ㎏, phosphate fertilizer 25 ㎏, then ploughs deeply, soil disinfection, levels land;
The high bed of step 2, cold bed: north and south, seedbed row to, the furrow of getting up are done;
Step 3, presoaking and germinating: select drought resisting, date-plum persimmon that cold hardiness is strong to make stock, carry out presoaking and germinating when 0 ℃ of 5 ℃ of temperature, ground temperature;
Step 4, begin sowing in good time: sow at once when seed has 1/3 to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Step 5, covering with plastic film, button shed: covering with plastic film after planting, then detain shed;
Step 6, break mulch film: after seed sprouting, constantly pine stubble, mulch film is broken an osculum above bud, help the young shoot growth;
Step 7, regulating and controlling temperature: in shed, temperature should remain between 28-35 ℃;
Step 8, take off film management: when difficult control of temperature in shed removes shed in time below 40 ℃, strengthen leaking informaton hardening before removing shed, progressively the canopy film is removed, weed a garden immediately after membrane removal, water, and every 666.7 ㎡ execute urea 20 ㎏, spray 0.3 ﹪ urea liquid fertilizer in blade face after two weeks, every two weeks once accelerates seedling growth;
Step 9, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: in conjunction with foliage spray, with 2000 times of Methomyl control defoliators, prevent and treat powdery mildew with 800 times of triadimefons;
Step 10, optimum period grafting: the grafting when 28 ℃ of 0.8 ㎝, temperature of nursery stock ground;
The management of step 11, nursery stock: after the grafting bud survived, 1 ㎝ place secondary was cut anvil on bud, promoted to budder sprouting, and in time lighten restrictions on that urea, reinforcement rich water quality management, intertill and clean tillage and prevention and elimination of disease and pests were executed one time in the rudiment on the basic anvil of erasing in every 20 days.
2. a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, wide 1.1 ~ 1.2cm under the cold bed bed, upper wide 80 ~ 90 ㎝, the height of bed 15 ~ 20 ㎝, the ridge-up bed end face is hugged dry harrowing broken, sloped sides is suppressed, and waters depositing in water after the leveling of furrow face real.
3. a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, described presoaking and germinating is first the date-plum persimmon seed to be soaked in clear water 1 ~ 2 day, pull rear clear water out and rinse, be contained in plastic sack, be placed directly under sunshine and be exposed to the sun, move to indoor night, rinsed every 3 days and stir 1 time.
4. a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, every drill seeding kind 4 row during described step 4 sowing, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 ㎝, first open dark 2 ㎝ shallow ridges at the furrow face sowing time, waters sufficient water in ditch, after water oozes with the seed that germinates by 8 ~ 10 ㎝ spacing in the rows program requests, then cover fine earth, hug flat furrow face.
5. a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 5, the button shed is to do bow member with the long bamboo chip of 1.5m, insert in soil at two ends, insert bamboo chip of arch at interval of 1.5m, two waists have rope made of hemp series connection to reinforce, and it is wide that bow member covers 1.5m, 0.03mm thick polyvinyl chloride is without dripping film, surrounding compacting.
6. a kind of persimmon fast seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 10, watered one time water in front 3 days in grafting, grafting part is controlled at apart from ground 20 ㎝ places, adopt "T"-shaped bud grafting, it is large that the bud sheet is wanted, and it is fast that speed is wanted, and binding is tight, in time stay 2 leaves to cut anvil more than the grafting bud, promote the grafting bud to survive sprouting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105075771A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method of apple tree |
| CN105075634A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 黄冈师范学院 | Method for cultivating high-quality nursery stocks of sweet persimmon by enabling seeds of sweet persimmon to germinate fast and efficiently |
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
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| CN105075771A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Seedling cultivating method of apple tree |
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| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
| CN105918053B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of persimmon rapid-result garden method fastly |
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Application publication date: 20130529 |