JP2006204252A - Method for breeding ligneous plant - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for breeding a ligneous plant, which is readily put to practical use since scions having a high rooting ratio necessary for breeding a ligneous plant by a green wood cutting are mass-produced by reduced labor without much damaging a mother tree. <P>SOLUTION: The method for breeding a ligneous plant comprises cultivating a bare mother tree in a low illumination environment to produce leaves and using green wood having the leaves as a scion. The low illumination intensity has 1-20,000 luxes, preferably 1,000-5,000 luxes represented by the maximum illumination intensity in a cultivation period and about 50-3,000 luxes represented by an average illumination intensity in the period. The cultivation in a low illumination environment means concretely cultivating a mother tree in a pot placed in a dark place, covering a glass greenhouse for cultivating mother trees with a light shielding material such as a cheesecloth, etc., and cultivating the mother trees or covering a mother tree itself with a light shielding material and cultivating the mother tree. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for breeding woody plants such as oysters, and more particularly to a method for breeding woody plants by inserting green branches.

  The cutting method belongs to the asexual breeding method in the field of plant propagation methods, and unlike the sexual breeding method which is a seed breeding method, cuttings such as green branches, dormant branches and mature branches separated from the mother tree, It is cultivated until it is rooted by inserting it into the cutting floor until it becomes a seedling. Therefore, it has an advantage that a plant body having the same character (characteristic) as that of the mother tree can be propagated, and the cutting method is generally performed as a technique for producing a large amount of excellent seedlings from an excellent plant individual. In addition, the seedlings produced by the cutting method are transplanted to orchards, mountain forests, etc., as well as seedlings produced from seeds, and are used for the production of fruits and timber, environmental protection, and the like.

  Now, when the cuttings are inserted into the floor as described above, the ratio of the cuttings to root (hereinafter referred to as rooting rate) was not so high in woody plants. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a cutting method for increasing the rooting rate, and various studies have been conducted. As such research, for example, a breeding method using hibobae or yellowing treatment (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2), a method of cutting the epidermis of the cutting ear (see Patent Document 1) ), A method of treating the cut end of the cutting head with a chemical or the like (see Patent Document 2), and the like.

  Here, the breeding method using Hikobae is to cut down the above-ground part of the mother tree, spray rice husk around the stump, and then grow the young shoots (Hikobae) that grow from the roots around the stump. It is a method of using it as an insertion head as it is. In addition, the breeding method using yellowing treatment is to grow yellow-white leaves (shoots) by cultivating the mother tree in an environment where it is not exposed to light for a certain period of time (under the dark), and the base of this yellowed shoot Is covered with a shading material such as black cloth, black paper, aluminum foil, etc., and then the shading material covering the cutting head is peeled off little by little, and the parts other than the base are greened. It is a method to promote rooting of cuttings. Furthermore, the method of removing the epidermis of the cutting ear is a method of promoting rooting of the cutting ear by cutting the epidermis near the cut surface of the branch cut as the cutting ear, and the cutting end of the cutting ear is treated with a chemical or the like. The method is a method of promoting rooting of cuttings by immersing a polysaccharide such as chitosan or a plant hormone such as indoleacetic acid at the cut end.

However, these breeding methods have the following problems. First of all, in the breeding method using Hikobae, the mother tree is cut when breeding, so that there is a problem that the fruit cannot be removed from the mother tree after cutting. Also, in any breeding method, it is difficult to put it into practical use because it requires a great deal of effort to cut down the mother tree, spray rice husks, cover and remove leaf branches with a light shielding material, delete the epidermis, and chemical treatment. There was a problem.
JP-A-11-69912 JP 2002-34328 A Tetsumura et al., “About the Factors Affecting the Rooting of Oyster Dormant Branch Cuttings”, Horticultural Society Journal, 70 (2), 2001, p163-169. Tetsumura et al., “About the Factors Affecting the Rooting of Oyster Green Sleeping Branches,” Horticultural Society Journal, 70 (3), 2001, p275-280.

  Therefore, the present invention has a high rooting rate necessary for breeding woody plants by inserting green branches into a plant without damaging the mother tree so much and without performing complicated pretreatment such as yellowing (darkness) treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for breeding woody plants that can be mass-produced with less labor and that is easy to put into practical use.

  According to the method for breeding woody plants of the present invention, a mother tree is cultivated in an environment where the amount of light (illuminance) is limited to the minimum amount that leaves can grow, and leaves are generated. It is the biggest feature to use as an ear.

  According to the method for breeding woody plants of the present invention, mass production can be achieved at low cost, with a low rooting rate and with a low amount of cuttings. Therefore, woody plants having excellent properties can be selected and propagated, and for example, high-quality fruits and fruits resistant to diseases can be mass-produced.

  According to the method for breeding a woody plant of the present invention, a fallen mother tree is cultivated in a low light environment to produce leaves, and a green branch containing these leaves is used as an ear. Therefore, this content will be described in detail below.

(A true woody plant to which the breeding method of the present invention is applicable)
Examples of the woody plant include oysters, ume, citrus, scallops, chestnuts, walnuts, and bayberry, among which oysters are preferred because of their commercial value and difficulty in breeding by other methods. Further, examples of the fallen mother tree include naturally fallen leaves and those obtained by manually removing leaves, but naturally fallen leaves are preferable in view of work costs.

(Cultivation under low illumination)
The mother tree is cultivated in a low light environment for about 10 days to about 90 days from the time when the stems and branches buds sprout until about 2 to 20 light yellow-green leaves develop. Here, the low illuminance environment is an environment within the range of 1 to 20000 lux, preferably 1000 to 5000 lux when expressed in terms of maximum illuminance, and is an environment of about 50 to 3000 lux when expressed as the average illuminance during the light period. . The illuminance value is measured by a lux meter or the like during a common-sense sunshine time (about 8 to 16 hours) according to a conventional method. In addition, cultivation under a low-light environment specifically refers to cultivation of a mother tree in a flowerpot placed in a dark place, or covering a glass house or the like where a mother tree is cultivated with a light-shielding material such as a cold chill. Or to cover the mother tree itself with a shading material. Furthermore, there are no particular problems regarding the temperature, humidity, etc. when cultivating the mother tree as long as it is a normal temperature, humidity when cultivating woody plants, but the temperature is preferably 10-40 ° C., and the humidity is saturated water vapor. About 10-90% is preferable with respect to quantity.

(Cutting green branches)
The green branch including the leaves is cut from the mother tree with a normal farming tool such as a sickle or a scissors or a knife. The cutting form of the green branch base is “horizontal cutting” that cuts substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the branch, “oblique cutting” that cuts diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the branch, and “oblique cutting” that cuts the cutting tip of the obliquely cut branch diagonally. , "Triangular cut" that cuts the shape of the cut part into a lower triangular pyramid shape, "Interleave" with the interrupt in the longitudinal direction of the branch cut into the horizontal cut surface, and twigs etc. inserted into the interrupted interrupt part A bifurcated “scissor insertion” or the like is known (Flower Gardening Handbook, Yokendo, page 192), but a suitable cutting form may be adopted depending on the type of woody plant. Moreover, the place which cuts the cutting head is 8 to 40 cm from the tip of the stem, and a place where a branch with 1 to 5 leaves can be prepared.

(Production of seedlings)
Furthermore, the green branches and leaves cut from the mother tree are inserted, rooted on the floor, and cultivated for about 7 days to about 60 days until it becomes a size that can be used as a seedling. Here, as an insertion floor used for cultivation, although not particularly limited, Oasis (trademark, medium for cuttings manufactured by Smithers-OASIS, product format P1), rock wool, soil block, red soil, red ball soil, Kanuma soil, Peat moss, sphagnum, bark, vermiculite, pearlite, and the like can be used alone or in appropriate combinations of a plurality of types. In addition, since green branches consume a large amount of water due to transpiration, etc., it is necessary to cultivate so that the cuttings do not dry out with leaf water, mist, fog, etc. In order to promote the growth of cuttings, it is preferable to grow in an environment where the concentration of carbon dioxide gas is 500 to 4000 ppm.

(Cultivation of seedlings)
The seedlings thus produced can be transplanted to outdoor fields, glass houses, mountain forests, etc. by ordinary methods and used for fruit tree production and environmental protection.

  As described above, the method for breeding woody plants according to the present invention is such that the mother tree is cultivated in a flower pot placed in a dark place, or the mother tree is cultivated in a glass house covered with cold chill. In other words, it is possible to obtain cuttings with a high rooting rate without requiring a great deal of labor simply by cultivating under the environment.

In addition, in addition to said procedure, the breeding method of the woody plant concerning this invention can also use conventional rooting promotion processing together. For example, as described in Patent Document 1, a material obtained by shaving the skin near the cut surface may be used as an insertion ear. In addition, a root-promoting hormone (for example, auxin) or a root-promoting substance (for example, Esler, Menedale (trademark, manufactured by Menedal Chemical Laboratory, Inc.)) having a concentration of 10 ⁻⁹ M to 10 ⁻² M is inserted. Or you may apply to an insertion floor.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited by the following examples in any way.

  A plant pot planted with a deciduous oyster (variety: Fuyu, about 2m in length), which is the mother tree, is the entrance of the Plant Biocenter, Wakayama Prefectural Agricultural Cooperative Federation (hereinafter referred to as “Experimental Zone: Entrance”), 50% cold chill Placed in a double-coated plastic film house (hereinafter referred to as experimental group: house) and a non-light-shielded glass house (hereinafter referred to as experimental group: experimental control) from April 2, 2004 to June 1, 2004 For 60 days. The maximum illuminance during the cultivation period and the average illuminance during the light period are shown in Table 1 below. In addition, the illuminance shown in Table 1 was measured with a lux meter (Tokyo Kogyo Co., Ltd., pocket illuminometer ANA-500 type). “Maximum” in the illuminance column of Table 1 indicates the maximum illuminance during the cultivation period, and “average” indicates the average illuminance during the light period of the cultivation period.

  After 60 days, cut the base of the green branch with yellow-green leaves from the mother tree with two leaves attached, and cut the base into a nursery box containing perlite: vermiculite (1: 1). Cultivated in a house with a 50% light-shielded mist for 42 days from June 1, 2004 to July 12, 2004, and the rooting rate was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.

  As apparent from Table 1, the rooting rate of the cuttings obtained from the mother tree (experimental section: experimental control) cultivated under high illuminance was 0%, but under low illuminance. The rooting rate of the cuttings obtained from the mother tree cultivated in (experimental section: house) and the parent tree cultivated under low illumination (experimental section: entrance) was 75-95%, which is a sufficiently practical value. It was. Moreover, this high rooting rate could be obtained with almost the same effort as the normal cutting method except that the mother tree was cultivated in a low light environment.

Claims (5)

  A method for breeding woody plants in which a fallen mother tree is cultivated in a low-light environment to produce leaves, and green branches containing these leaves are used as ears.   The method for breeding woody plants according to claim 1, wherein the fallen mother tree is cultivated in an environment having a maximum illuminance of 1 lux to 20000 lux to produce leaves.   The method for breeding woody plants according to claim 1, wherein the fallen mother tree is cultivated in an environment having a maximum illuminance of 1000 lux to 5000 lux to produce leaves.   The method for breeding a woody plant according to claim 1, wherein the fallen mother tree is cultivated in an environment having an average light intensity of 50 lux to 3000 lux in the light period to produce leaves.   The method for breeding woody plants according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the woody plants are oysters.