CN111034524A - Planting method of Japanese persimmon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of Japanese persimmon, relates to the technical field of Japanese persimmon, and particularly relates to a planting method of Japanese persimmon. The planting method of the Japanese persimmon can improve the fruit setting rate of persimmon trees, is convenient to spray, fertilize and pick, and on the other hand, the human and animal urine and crop straws which have great pressure on the environment are recycled, so that the wastes are changed into valuables, and the prepared fertilizer contains various nutrient components such as rich natural nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, is suitable for the growth of crops and improves the healthy quality of food; the invention changes the raw materials into valuables, has low price, is beneficial to reducing air pollution and haze, has broad-spectrum adsorption capacity on organic matters such as heavy metal ions, dyes and the like, and has better economic and social benefits.

Description

Planting method of Japanese persimmon

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of Japanese sweet persimmons, in particular to a planting method of the Japanese sweet persimmons.

Background

Japanese persimmon, a kind of persimmon, has oblate fruit, and different varieties have different colors from light orange to dark orange red, the size is from 6 cm to 10 cm, and the weight is from 100 g to 350 g. Persimmon is an original plant, namely, an Ebenaceae, tall and big deciduous arbor, is native to China, has strong tree vigor, less and upright tree postures, thick and short branches, short internodes, more branches and easy density, is easy to decline after fruiting, needs to be planted with pollinating trees or artificially pollinated, has oblate fruits, slightly concave tops, square cross sections and longitudinal ditches on fruit surfaces, 4 of the fruits are obvious, 200 g of single fruit, orange yellow to orange red peel, red yellow pulp, fine and crisp pulp, less fruit juice, good taste and sweetness, and is ripe in late 10 to last 11 months of less seeds.

Generally, crown-shaped branches of the Japanese persimmon trees are densely and crossly arranged, ventilation and light transmission are poor, the growth vigor of the trees is poor, the yield of the persimmon is low, the quality is also poor, the consumed cost is high, waste of cultures is easy to generate, the pest control effect is low, and the success rate of the Japanese persimmon trees is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of Japanese persimmon, which solves the problems that crown-shaped branches of general Japanese persimmon trees are densely and crossly arranged, ventilation and light transmission are poor, the growth vigor of the trees is poor, the yield of persimmon is low, the quality is poor, the consumed cost is high, waste of cultures is easy to generate, the control effect on plant diseases and insect pests is low, and the success rate of the Japanese persimmon trees is reduced in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a planting method of Japanese persimmon comprises the steps of garden building, cultivation, pruning and shaping, fertilization, pest control and picking, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: building a garden, wherein the sweet persimmon trees have low requirements on soil, and sandy loam with a deep soil layer and a pH value of 6-8 under good irrigation and drainage conditions, and a mountain land or flat land can be selected for building the garden;

s2: cultivating, namely selecting persimmon seedlings 2-3 m high to be obliquely planted, keeping the plant spacing and the row spacing at 3-4 m and keeping the inclination angle between the persimmon seedlings and the ground at less than 45 degrees, pouring enough root fixing water, preserving moisture, dipping slurry, and applying plant ash and crop straw powder;

s3: pruning and shaping, pruning saplings, building a framework firstly, cultivating the saplings, culturing tree forms, paying attention to branch force balance and subordination relation among main branches, pinching in time, promoting fruit bearing mother branches, fixing the trunk height to be 1.2 meters, selecting the main branches according to the tree-shaped structure, needing to reduce and dredge more branches, increasing the branch quantity, combining winter and summer, pinching when strong branches grow to 20-30 centimeters, promoting secondary branches, slightly shearing as much as possible, paying attention to cultivation of branch groups, preparing for early fruiting, pruning trees in the full bearing period, and enabling persimmon trees to grow about 10, namely entering the full bearing period, wherein as the ages increase, hidden buds in an inner cavity begin to germinate and new branches to naturally renew, ventilating and transmitting light, cultivating small branches in the inner cavity, preventing fruit bearing parts from moving outwards, realizing thinning and combining, cultivating new branches, realizing small renewal, maintaining the trees, and prolonging the full bearing period; in winter, pruning is carried out on the saplings, the integral branches of the saplings are also paid attention to outward extension, the positions of the mother branches are effectively lowered, early fruiting and lower fruiting positions are guaranteed, branches of the resulting mother branches are pruned and simplified, the growth of the mother branches is promoted, and the fruiting rate of the mother branches is improved;

s4: the base fertilizer is mainly mixed fertilizer which is applied before and after harvesting (10-12 months), the additional fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer which is applied after physiological fruit drop for the first time and applied in the fruit expansion period for the second time. When the soil is fertile and the tree vigor is strong, secondary topdressing can be omitted; on the contrary, if the soil is barren and the tree vigor is weak, the soil is applied again after germination in 3-4 months. 60-70% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer, and the rest is applied in the growth period; the phosphate fertilizer is completely applied in the base fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is easy to run off and is a necessary fertilizer in the fruit hypertrophy process, so that the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are preferably applied uniformly;

s5: preventing plant diseases and insect pests, well sterilizing seedlings before planting, and spraying 1500-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil 1000-fold for prevention and control after persimmon trees expand leaves in 4 months and before blooming and when overwintering nymphs of persimmon aspidistra elatior are hibernated; when drosicha corpulenta is generated in late 5 months, smooth round pits with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.4 m can be dug at the root of the tree, grass is placed in the pits, female insects are trapped to lay eggs, and the female insects are intensively killed; 1:5:600 Beverdol liquid for 1-2 times in 6 months, and preventing and treating angular leaf spot and circular leaf spot; when the inchworm of persimmon star occurs in the middle ten days of 6 months, spraying 2000 times of 20% pyrethrin emulsifiable solution or 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution of 1000 acetic acid; spraying 500 times of liquid of 3% polyoxin wettable powder for 1-2 times in 7-8 months to prevent and control angular leaf spot; spraying 1000-1500 times of 50% phoxim when Lecanicillia persicae occurs in middle ten days of 8-9 months; when the persimmon anthracnose happens, spraying 800 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim 600-;

s6: picking, wherein the picking period of the persimmons is different according to requirements, the persimmons are fresh for eating, and the persimmons are picked slightly earlier when the peels turn yellow; collecting fresh persimmon when the peel turns red from yellow; for cake making, harvesting before the peel turns red and the meat is not softened; the persimmon should be harvested in advance when the green color of the surface of the persimmon is faded and the flesh is hard and crisp.

Optionally, the preparation method of the crop straw powder comprises the following steps:

weighing crop straws, crushing, adding ammonium molybdate accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, manganese sulfate accounting for 1-2%, nano carbon powder accounting for 1-2%, clay accounting for 30-40%, turpentine accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, and mixing and pulping the mixture; sun-drying to 7-8% and pulverizing into coarse particles;

b, adding methyl methacrylate accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the coarse particles into the coarse particles, uniformly stirring, drying at 50-60 ℃, and crushing into powder to obtain the high-performance high-temperature-resistant high-performance high-temperature-resistant high-performance high.

Optionally, the mixed fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials: 20 parts of human and animal manure, 15 parts of biogas urine, 15-30 parts of vetch, 25 parts of common vetch, 15 parts of meliloti officinalis, 13 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 14 parts of alfalfa, 18 parts of schizonepeta, 17 parts of hawthorn, 18.5 parts of schisandra chinensis, 15 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 15 parts of sugar preparation, 8 parts of ethephon solution, 13 parts of lime water and 1.5 parts of microorganism;

a: sequentially adding vetch, common vetch, meliloti, amorpha fruticosa leaves, alfalfa, schizonepeta tenuifolia, hawthorn and schisandra chinensis into a double-helix crusher, and crushing to obtain mixed powder;

b: adding the mixed powder into a stirrer, and then mixing and stirring human and animal excrement, biogas and urine, a sugar preparation, a ethephon solution, lime water and lime water fermentation waste to prepare a mixture;

c: and putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber of a fermentation chamber for long-term fermentation.

Optionally, the fermentation time is 30-40 days, and the indoor temperature is 40-50 ℃.

The invention provides a planting method of Japanese persimmon, which has the following beneficial effects:

the planting method of the Japanese persimmon can improve the fruit setting rate of persimmon trees, is convenient to spray, fertilize and pick, and on the other hand, the human and animal urine and crop straws which have great pressure on the environment are recycled, so that the wastes are changed into valuables, and the prepared fertilizer contains various nutrient components such as rich natural nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, is suitable for the growth of crops and improves the healthy quality of food; the invention changes the raw materials into valuables, has low price, is beneficial to reducing air pollution and haze, has broad-spectrum adsorption capacity on organic matters such as heavy metal ions, dyes and the like, and has better economic and social benefits.

Detailed Description

In the following, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

The invention provides a technical scheme that: a planting method of Japanese persimmon comprises the steps of garden building, cultivation, pruning and shaping, fertilization, pest control and picking, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: building a garden, wherein the sweet persimmon trees have low requirements on soil, and sandy loam with a deep soil layer and a pH value of 6-8 under good irrigation and drainage conditions, and a mountain land or flat land can be selected for building the garden;

s2: cultivating, namely selecting persimmon seedlings 2-3 m high to be obliquely planted, keeping the plant spacing and the row spacing at 3-4 m and keeping the inclination angle between the persimmon seedlings and the ground at less than 45 degrees, pouring enough root fixing water, preserving moisture, dipping slurry, and applying plant ash and crop straw powder;

s3: pruning and shaping, pruning saplings, building a framework firstly, cultivating the saplings, culturing tree forms, paying attention to branch force balance and subordination relation among main branches, pinching in time, promoting fruit bearing mother branches, fixing the trunk height to be 1.2 meters, selecting the main branches according to the tree-shaped structure, needing to reduce and dredge more branches, increasing the branch quantity, combining winter and summer, pinching when strong branches grow to 20-30 centimeters, promoting secondary branches, slightly shearing as much as possible, paying attention to cultivation of branch groups, preparing for early fruiting, pruning trees in the full bearing period, and enabling persimmon trees to grow about 10, namely entering the full bearing period, wherein as the ages increase, hidden buds in an inner cavity begin to germinate and new branches to naturally renew, ventilating and transmitting light, cultivating small branches in the inner cavity, preventing fruit bearing parts from moving outwards, realizing thinning and combining, cultivating new branches, realizing small renewal, maintaining the trees, and prolonging the full bearing period; in winter, pruning is carried out on the saplings, the integral branches of the saplings are also paid attention to outward extension, the positions of the mother branches are effectively lowered, early fruiting and lower fruiting positions are guaranteed, branches of the resulting mother branches are pruned and simplified, the growth of the mother branches is promoted, and the fruiting rate of the mother branches is improved;

s4: the base fertilizer is mainly mixed fertilizer which is applied before and after harvesting (10-12 months), the additional fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer which is applied after physiological fruit drop for the first time and applied in the fruit expansion period for the second time. When the soil is fertile and the tree vigor is strong, secondary topdressing can be omitted; on the contrary, if the soil is barren and the tree vigor is weak, the soil is applied again after germination in 3-4 months. 60-70% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer, and the rest is applied in the growth period; the phosphate fertilizer is completely applied in the base fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is easy to run off and is a necessary fertilizer in the fruit hypertrophy process, so that the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are preferably applied uniformly;

s5: preventing plant diseases and insect pests, well sterilizing seedlings before planting, and spraying 1500-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil 1000-fold for prevention and control after persimmon trees expand leaves in 4 months and before blooming and when overwintering nymphs of persimmon aspidistra elatior are hibernated; when drosicha corpulenta is generated in late 5 months, smooth round pits with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.4 m can be dug at the root of the tree, grass is placed in the pits, female insects are trapped to lay eggs, and the female insects are intensively killed; 1:5:600 Beverdol liquid for 1-2 times in 6 months, and preventing and treating angular leaf spot and circular leaf spot; when the inchworm of persimmon star occurs in the middle ten days of 6 months, spraying 2000 times of 20% pyrethrin emulsifiable solution or 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution of 1000 acetic acid; spraying 500 times of liquid of 3% polyoxin wettable powder for 1-2 times in 7-8 months to prevent and control angular leaf spot; spraying 1000-1500 times of 50% phoxim when Lecanicillia persicae occurs in middle ten days of 8-9 months; when the persimmon anthracnose happens, spraying 800 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim 600-;

s6: picking, wherein the picking period of the persimmons is different according to requirements, the persimmons are fresh for eating, and the persimmons are picked slightly earlier when the peels turn yellow; collecting fresh persimmon when the peel turns red from yellow; for cake making, harvesting before the peel turns red and the meat is not softened; the persimmon fruits for storage are harvested in advance when the green surfaces of the persimmon fruits are faded and the meat is hard and crisp;

the preparation method of the crop straw powder comprises the following steps:

weighing crop straws, crushing, adding ammonium molybdate accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, manganese sulfate accounting for 1-2%, nano carbon powder accounting for 1-2%, clay accounting for 30-40%, turpentine accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, and mixing and pulping the mixture; sun-drying to 7-8% and pulverizing into coarse particles;

b, adding methyl methacrylate accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the coarse particles into the coarse particles, uniformly stirring, drying at 50-60 ℃, and crushing into powder to obtain the feed additive;

the mixed fertilizer consists of the following raw materials: 20 parts of human and animal manure, 15 parts of biogas urine, 15-30 parts of vetch, 25 parts of common vetch, 15 parts of meliloti officinalis, 13 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 14 parts of alfalfa, 18 parts of schizonepeta, 17 parts of hawthorn, 18.5 parts of schisandra chinensis, 15 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 15 parts of sugar preparation, 8 parts of ethephon solution, 13 parts of lime water and 1.5 parts of microorganism;

a: sequentially adding vetch, common vetch, meliloti, amorpha fruticosa leaves, alfalfa, schizonepeta tenuifolia, hawthorn and schisandra chinensis into a double-helix crusher, and crushing to obtain mixed powder;

b: adding the mixed powder into a stirrer, and then mixing and stirring human and animal excrement, biogas and urine, a sugar preparation, a ethephon solution, lime water and lime water fermentation waste to prepare a mixture;

c: placing the mixture into a fermentation chamber of a fermentation chamber for long-time fermentation;

the fermentation time is 30-40 days, and the indoor temperature is 40-50 ℃.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The planting method of the Japanese persimmon is characterized by comprising the steps of garden building, cultivation, pruning and shaping, fertilization, pest and disease prevention and picking, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: building a garden, wherein the sweet persimmon trees have low requirements on soil, and sandy loam with a deep soil layer and a pH value of 6-8 under good irrigation and drainage conditions, and a mountain land or flat land can be selected for building the garden;

s2: cultivating, namely selecting persimmon seedlings 2-3 m high to be obliquely planted, keeping the plant spacing and the row spacing at 3-4 m and keeping the inclination angle between the persimmon seedlings and the ground at less than 45 degrees, pouring enough root fixing water, preserving moisture, dipping slurry, and applying plant ash and crop straw powder;

s3: pruning and shaping, pruning saplings, building a framework firstly, cultivating the saplings, culturing tree forms, paying attention to branch force balance and subordination relation among main branches, pinching in time, promoting fruit bearing mother branches, fixing the trunk height to be 1.2 meters, selecting the main branches according to the tree-shaped structure, needing to reduce and dredge more branches, increasing the branch quantity, combining winter and summer, pinching when strong branches grow to 20-30 centimeters, promoting secondary branches, slightly shearing as much as possible, paying attention to cultivation of branch groups, preparing for early fruiting, pruning trees in the full bearing period, and enabling persimmon trees to grow about 10, namely entering the full bearing period, wherein as the ages increase, hidden buds in an inner cavity begin to germinate and new branches to naturally renew, ventilating and transmitting light, cultivating small branches in the inner cavity, preventing fruit bearing parts from moving outwards, realizing thinning and combining, cultivating new branches, realizing small renewal, maintaining the trees, and prolonging the full bearing period; in winter, pruning is carried out on the saplings, the integral branches of the saplings are also paid attention to outward extension, the positions of the mother branches are effectively lowered, early fruiting and lower fruiting positions are guaranteed, branches of the resulting mother branches are pruned and simplified, the growth of the mother branches is promoted, and the fruiting rate of the mother branches is improved;

s4: the base fertilizer is mainly mixed fertilizer which is applied before and after harvesting (10-12 months), the additional fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer which is applied after physiological fruit drop for the first time and applied in the fruit expansion period for the second time. When the soil is fertile and the tree vigor is strong, secondary topdressing can be omitted; on the contrary, if the soil is barren and the tree vigor is weak, the soil is applied again after germination in 3-4 months. 60-70% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer, and the rest is applied in the growth period; the phosphate fertilizer is completely applied in the base fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is easy to run off and is a necessary fertilizer in the fruit hypertrophy process, so that the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are preferably applied uniformly;

s5: preventing plant diseases and insect pests, well sterilizing seedlings before planting, and spraying 1500-fold liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil 1000-fold for prevention and control after persimmon trees expand leaves in 4 months and before blooming and when overwintering nymphs of persimmon aspidistra elatior are hibernated; when drosicha corpulenta is generated in late 5 months, smooth round pits with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.4 m can be dug at the root of the tree, grass is placed in the pits, female insects are trapped to lay eggs, and the female insects are intensively killed; 1:5:600 Beverdol liquid for 1-2 times in 6 months, and preventing and treating angular leaf spot and circular leaf spot; when the inchworm of persimmon star occurs in the middle ten days of 6 months, spraying 2000 times of 20% pyrethrin emulsifiable solution or 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution of 1000 acetic acid; spraying 500 times of liquid of 3% polyoxin wettable powder for 1-2 times in 7-8 months to prevent and control angular leaf spot; spraying 1000-1500 times of 50% phoxim when Lecanicillia persicae occurs in middle ten days of 8-9 months; when the persimmon anthracnose happens, spraying 800 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim 600-;

s6: picking, wherein the picking period of the persimmons is different according to requirements, the persimmons are fresh for eating, and the persimmons are picked slightly earlier when the peels turn yellow; collecting fresh persimmon when the peel turns red from yellow; for cake making, harvesting before the peel turns red and the meat is not softened; the persimmon should be harvested in advance when the green color of the surface of the persimmon is faded and the flesh is hard and crisp.

2. The planting method of Japanese persimmon according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

weighing crop straws, crushing, adding ammonium molybdate accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, manganese sulfate accounting for 1-2%, nano carbon powder accounting for 1-2%, clay accounting for 30-40%, turpentine accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the crop straws, and mixing and pulping the mixture; sun-drying to 7-8% and pulverizing into coarse particles;

b, adding methyl methacrylate accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the coarse particles into the coarse particles, uniformly stirring, drying at 50-60 ℃, and crushing into powder to obtain the high-performance high-temperature-resistant high-performance high-temperature-resistant high-performance high.

3. The planting method of Japanese persimmon according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixed fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 20 parts of human and animal manure, 15 parts of biogas urine, 15-30 parts of vetch, 25 parts of common vetch, 15 parts of meliloti officinalis, 13 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 14 parts of alfalfa, 18 parts of schizonepeta, 17 parts of hawthorn, 18.5 parts of schisandra chinensis, 15 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 15 parts of sugar preparation, 8 parts of ethephon solution, 13 parts of lime water and 1.5 parts of microorganism;

a: sequentially adding vetch, common vetch, meliloti, amorpha fruticosa leaves, alfalfa, schizonepeta tenuifolia, hawthorn and schisandra chinensis into a double-helix crusher, and crushing to obtain mixed powder;

b: adding the mixed powder into a stirrer, and then mixing and stirring human and animal excrement, biogas and urine, a sugar preparation, a ethephon solution, lime water and lime water fermentation waste to prepare a mixture;

c: and putting the mixture into a fermentation chamber of a fermentation chamber for long-term fermentation.

4. The planting method of Japanese persimmon according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fermentation time is 30-40 days, and the indoor temperature is 40-50 ℃.