CN104335873A

CN104335873A - Method for cultivating Jingmian persimmon trees

Info

Publication number: CN104335873A
Application number: CN201310333928.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张苏侠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-08-05
Filing date: 2013-08-05
Publication date: 2015-02-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating Jingmian persimmon trees, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The method includes 1, building orchards for transplanting seedlings, selecting the depths and the thicknesses of soil layers with sandy loam soil provided with pH (potential of hydrogen) values of approximately 7 under excellent irrigation and exhaust conditions, selecting the excellent strong seedlings and colonizing the excellent strong seedlings in November-December in each year; 2, sufficiently applying base fertilizers and additional fertilizers, properly irrigating the seedlings during drought and quickly draining water during heavy rain; 3, managing tree forms, cultivating each seedling to allow 3-4 main branches to grown on the seedling and 2-3 secondary branches to grow on each main branch to form a tree crown framework, and completely managing the tree forms by means of combinations of winter pruning, summer pruning and summer bud removing and pinching; 4, preventing and treating diseases and insect pests; 5, timely harvesting persimmons. The method for cultivating the Jingmian persimmon trees has the advantages that as proved by practical examination, excellent planting effects can be realized, the Jingmian persimmon trees can healthily and vigorously grow, and tasty Jingmian persimmon fruits with large sizes and high quality can be produced by the aid of the method.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of minute surface persimmon

Technical field:

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the cultivation method that a kind of kind is minute surface persimmon.

Background technology:

Persimmon is one of China's cultivation fruit tree comparatively early, and kind is a lot, about has more than 800 kind, from soft ripe before take away the puckery taste and be divided into puckery persimmon and sweet persimmon; Long persimmon, circle persimmon, flat persimmon, square persimmon and other shapes is divided into from fruit profile; Be divided into greatly with fruit size, large fruit, middle fruit, fruitlet; By the fructescence be divided into precocity, in ripe, late-maturing.Large a kind of persimmon that the more famous persimmon of China has, Diospyros howii Mere et Chun, bell lamp persimmon, heart persimmon, copper basin persimmon, red persimmon etc., Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit mid or late September is ripe, fruit is especially big, mean fruit weight 200 grams, maximum 250 grams, square circular, fruit face orange colour, soft rear salmon pink, pericarp is fine and smooth, without seed in fruit, softening, after taking away the puckery taste, taste is extremely dense sweet, sugar content about 22%, not only food is delicious, and it is nutritious, hectogram fresh fruit is containing 0.7 gram, protein, vitamin A 0.2 milligram, vitamin C 4 milligrams, in addition containing a large amount of carbohydrate and iron, calcium, phosphorus, the amino acid of the mineral matters such as potassium and multiple needed by human body, higher heat and multiple nutrients can be produced to human body, Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit also has good medical care effect, there are clearing heat and moistening lung, the functions such as preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing, fresh persimmon leaf is eaten raw after mixing with salt, good result is had, persimmon leaf processing offspring tea-drinking use, smell delicate fragrance to treatment diabetes, normal drink has the effect of stabilizing blood pressure, softening blood vessel and anti-inflammatory, is the useful beverage of the patients such as hepatitis, ephritis, edema, coronary heart disease, hypertension, because persimmon is rich in mineral matter and the antioxidant carbolic acid such as vitamin and potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, eat a persimmon every day, can effectively prevention of arterial sclerosis, heart disease and stroke outbreak, and the function having invigorating the spleen, help digestion, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst.The cultivation of Diospyros howii Mere et Chun has particular/special requirement to water, soil, weather, illumination, Diospyros howii Mere et Chun is liked warm but is also resisted cold, the area reaching 9 DEG C-23 DEG C at average temperature of the whole year all can be cultivated, require that when vegetative period temperature is more than 18 DEG C, fruit color phase mean temperature of air will reach 21-23 DEG C, needs more than 15 DEG C picking time.Minute surface persimmon happiness light, and because of root system powerful, absorb rich water in extensive range, therefore select for soil tight, minute surface persimmon tree crown is neat, and adaptable, easily cultivate, damage by disease and insect is few, and flood fighting flood ability is strong, and flowers and fruits deliciousness is lovely, especially suitable establishing in large scale.

Summary of the invention:

The problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of method of establishing in large scale minute surface persimmon, and the method is through practice test, respond well.

A method for establishing in large scale minute surface persimmon, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:

(1) garden of building is transplanted: select soil layer deep, have good irrigate and the pH value of drainage condition be about 7 sand loam, level land Jian Yuan, with scion grafting or bud grafting method breeding minute surface persimmon sapling, select high-quality to transplant strong sprout after sapling reproductive success, transplanting time was selected in the annual 11-12 month, and tree well during field planting wants 1.2-1.4 rice square, mu plants 80-90 strain, male and female plant presses the proportional arrangement of 9:1, waters sufficient normal root water, uses sufficient base manure.

(2) rich water quality management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is larger, base manure need account for the 70%-75% of annual total fertilizing amount, strain is answered to execute autogamy biological organic complex fertilizer 90-120 kilogram, topdress late April and mid-August by strain execute 0.5 kilogram, urea, MAP 0.5 kilogram, potassium sulfate 1 kilogram quantity apply for twice, soil often should keep certain humidity, suitably to pour water during arid, strengthen soil moisture conservation, should draining rapidly when raining heavily.

(3) tree-like management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon should cultivate into 3-4 major branch, and then on each major branch mitogenetic 2-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, prune and cut based on the winter, simultaneously in conjunction with summer except sprouting and pinching, at the result initial stage, healthy and strong annual branch majority is excellent bearing basal shoot, unsuitable cutting back, after entering the full bearing period, to the female branch of partial results and the branch having tied fruit, optional sturdy person stays base portion 2-3 bud cutting back, as preparation branch.

(4) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the disease of Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon has anthracnose, angular leaf spot, gray mold etc., available spray 70% thiophanate methyl 400 times of liquid and the rear integrated control of more than 50% mould clear 400 times of liquid mixing; Insect pest has persimmon fruit moth can kill with 20%, and bacterium emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times of liquid are sprayed, slug moth is sprayed with 2.5% decis, 2500 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time, a red-spotted lizard class pest can be slaughtered 800 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time with 40% speed and spray.

(5) pluck: what Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit was gathered when pericarp turns red by Huang eats raw altogether as soft kaki fruit, that gathers before pericarp slightly turns red, meat is not softening can be used to dried persimmon processed.

The annual strain basal dressing of minute surface persimmon described in step (2) is 105 kilograms.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the cultivation method providing a kind of minute surface persimmon, the method, through practice test, proves that planting effect is good, can make minute surface persimmon health grow up strong and sturdy, and can produce and there emerged a large delicious high-quality Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

Garden of building is transplanted: select soil layer deep, have good irrigate and the pH value of drainage condition be about 7 sand loam, level land Jian Yuan, with scion grafting or bud grafting method breeding lotus flower persimmon sapling, select high-quality to transplant strong sprout after sapling reproductive success, transplanting time select in the annual 11-12 month, tree well during field planting want 1.2 meters square, mu plants 90 strains, male and female plant presses the proportional arrangement of 9:1, waters sufficient normal root water, uses sufficient base manure.Rich water quality management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is larger, base manure need account for 70% of annual total fertilizing amount, strain is answered to execute autogamy biological organic complex fertilizer 90 kilograms, topdress late April and mid-August by strain execute 0.5 kilogram, urea, MAP 0.5 kilogram, potassium sulfate 1 kilogram quantity apply for twice, soil often should keep certain humidity, suitably to pour water during arid, strengthen soil moisture conservation, should draining rapidly when raining heavily.Tree-like management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon should cultivate into 3-4 major branch, and then on each major branch mitogenetic 2-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, prune and cut based on the winter, simultaneously in conjunction with summer except sprouting and pinching, at the result initial stage, healthy and strong annual branch majority is excellent bearing basal shoot, unsuitable cutting back, after entering the full bearing period, to the female branch of partial results and the branch having tied fruit, optional sturdy person stays base portion 2-3 bud cutting back, as preparation branch.Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the disease of Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon has anthracnose, angular leaf spot, gray mold etc., available spray 70% thiophanate methyl 400 times of liquid and the rear integrated control of more than 50% mould clear 400 times of liquid mixing; Insect pest has persimmon fruit moth can kill with 20%, and bacterium emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times of liquid are sprayed, slug moth is sprayed with 2.5% decis, 2500 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time, a red-spotted lizard class pest can be slaughtered 800 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time with 40% speed and spray.Pluck: what Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit was gathered when pericarp turns red by Huang eats raw altogether as soft kaki fruit, that gathers before pericarp slightly turns red, meat is not softening can be used to dried persimmon processed.

Embodiment 2:

Garden of building is transplanted: select soil layer deep, have good irrigate and the pH value of drainage condition be about 7 sand loam, level land Jian Yuan, with scion grafting or bud grafting method breeding lotus flower persimmon sapling, select high-quality to transplant strong sprout after sapling reproductive success, transplanting time select in the annual 11-12 month, tree well during field planting want 1.4 meters square, mu plants 80 strains, male and female plant presses the proportional arrangement of 9:1, waters sufficient normal root water, uses sufficient base manure.Rich water quality management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is larger, base manure need account for 75% of annual total fertilizing amount, strain is answered to execute autogamy biological organic complex fertilizer 120 kilograms, topdress late April and mid-August by strain execute 0.5 kilogram, urea, MAP 0.5 kilogram, potassium sulfate 1 kilogram quantity apply for twice, soil often should keep certain humidity, suitably to pour water during arid, strengthen soil moisture conservation, should draining rapidly when raining heavily.Tree-like management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon should cultivate into 3-4 major branch, and then on each major branch mitogenetic 2-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, prune and cut based on the winter, simultaneously in conjunction with summer except sprouting and pinching, at the result initial stage, healthy and strong annual branch majority is excellent bearing basal shoot, unsuitable cutting back, after entering the full bearing period, to the female branch of partial results and the branch having tied fruit, optional sturdy person stays base portion 2-3 bud cutting back, as preparation branch.Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the disease of Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon has anthracnose, angular leaf spot, gray mold etc., available spray 70% thiophanate methyl 400 times of liquid and the rear integrated control of more than 50% mould clear 400 times of liquid mixing; Insect pest has persimmon fruit moth can kill with 20%, and bacterium emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times of liquid are sprayed, slug moth is sprayed with 2.5% decis, 2500 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time, a red-spotted lizard class pest can be slaughtered 800 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time with 40% speed and spray.Pluck: what Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit was gathered when pericarp turns red by Huang eats raw altogether as soft kaki fruit, that gathers before pericarp slightly turns red, meat is not softening can be used to dried persimmon processed.

Claims

1. the cultivation method of a minute surface persimmon, it is characterized in that: step (1) is built garden and transplanted: select soil layer deep, have good irrigate and the pH value of drainage condition be about 7 sand loam, level land Jian Yuan, with scion grafting or bud grafting method breeding lotus flower persimmon sapling, high-quality is selected to transplant strong sprout after sapling reproductive success, transplanting time was selected in the annual 11-12 month, tree well during field planting wants 1.2-1.4 rice square, mu plants 80-90 strain, male and female plant presses the proportional arrangement of 9:1, water sufficient normal root water, use sufficient base manure; Step (2) rich water quality management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is larger, base manure need account for the 70%-75% of annual total fertilizing amount, strain is answered to execute autogamy biological organic complex fertilizer 90-120 kilogram, topdress late April and mid-August by strain execute 0.5 kilogram, urea, MAP 0.5 kilogram, potassium sulfate 1 kilogram quantity apply for twice, soil often should keep certain humidity, suitably to pour water during arid, strengthen soil moisture conservation, should draining rapidly when raining heavily; Step (3) tree-like management: Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon should cultivate into 3-4 major branch, and then on each major branch mitogenetic 2-3 secondary major branch, form tree crown skeleton, prune and cut based on the winter, simultaneously in conjunction with summer except sprouting and pinching, at the result initial stage, healthy and strong annual branch majority is excellent bearing basal shoot, unsuitable cutting back, after entering the full bearing period, to the female branch of partial results and the branch having tied fruit, optional sturdy person stays base portion 2-3 bud cutting back, as preparation branch; Step (4) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the disease of Diospyros howii Mere et Chun persimmon has anthracnose, angular leaf spot, gray mold etc., available spray 70% thiophanate methyl 400 times of liquid and the rear integrated control of more than 50% mould clear 400 times of liquid mixing; Insect pest has persimmon fruit moth can kill with 20%, and bacterium emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times of liquid are sprayed, slug moth is sprayed with 2.5% decis, 2500 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time, a red-spotted lizard class pest can be slaughtered 800 times of liquid at Larvae occurrence time with 40% speed and spray; Step (5) is plucked: what Diospyros howii Mere et Chun fruit was gathered when pericarp turns red by Huang eats raw altogether as soft kaki fruit, and that gathers before pericarp slightly turns red, meat is not softening can be used to dried persimmon processed.

2. the cultivation method of a kind of minute surface persimmon according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the annual strain basal dressing of the minute surface persimmon described in step (2) is 105 kilograms.