CN104186265A - Blueberry single-trunk labor-saving type cultivation shaping method - Google Patents
Blueberry single-trunk labor-saving type cultivation shaping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry single-trunk labor-saving type cultivation shaping method which comprises the technologies of field selecting, planting pit excavating, soil transforming, planting, pollinizer configuring, variety selecting, pruning, flower and fruit managing, water and fertilizer managing, pest controlling and the like. According to the blueberry single-trunk labor-saving type cultivation shaping method, shrub type blueberries are cultivated to have a single trunk, the problems that an original blueberries are not obvious in trunk, multiple in number of branches and short and small in crown and people need to stoop to work are solved, the thickness of the trunk and the crown breadth are obviously increased, the trunk is upright and tall, flowers and fruits are large, field managing is convenient, and labor intensity is relieved. Meanwhile, the ornamental value is achieved, the growing environment suitable for the single-trunk blueberries is selected through oil transforming, the thickness of the trunk and the crown breadth of the blueberries are obviously increased, and the weight of a single fruit and the yield are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a planting fruit-trees list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods, relate to specifically a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods.
Background technology
Blueberry (Blueberry) is perennial undershrub fruit tree, and cultivation history, less than a century, starts from the U.S. the earliest, and there is wild distribution China Changbai Mountain and the Yangtze river basin, domestic being called " cowberry ".Blueberry is described as first-class health food and fashionable European and American countries, and fresh fruit is fetch long price in the international market, and supply falls short of demand for its product and processed goods thereof.China's blueberry cultivation is started late, and in the initial stage eighties, starts to cultivate and the research work of processing.As a kind of emerging fruit tree, can be as China's Third Class Fruit-tree development.
Blueberry is eaten raw not only and is of high nutritive value, and sweet acid is appropriate, raciness, contain a large amount of materials useful to human health, comprise polyphenoils (VA, VC, VE), tannic acid, folic acid (VB), antimicrobial component and abundant dietary fibre etc., overview get up to have following 8 sides and health-care effect: the UMA of Blueberry (the general pigment of pattern) has good health-care effect to eyes, can alleviate the tired of eye and improve night vision.There is protection capillary and oxidation resistant effect.Suppress blood platelet and solidify, formation and the arteriosclerosis of pre-preventing thrombosis.Strengthen the function of joint and soft tissue.To suffering from the retinopathy that diabetes and diabetes cause, there is medical effect, and there is the effect of prevention.The effect that there is the infection of opposing uropoietic system, heart disease and delay senility.There is antitumaous effect.The liveliness proof enzyme relevant to the generation of angiocardiopathy has very strong inhibitory action.
The culture technique of producing upper blueberry is at present deferred to its shrub characteristic more, and branch mostly is 15～20 branches and grows thickly, and branch is soft, and degree of lignification is not high, there is no obvious trunk, has limited size and the hat width of tree crown, and tree body is shorter and smaller, the stoop labor of need bowing.Ventilation and penetrating light is not strong, and photosynthesis is suppressed, and photosynthetic accumulation is few, causes setting bulk-growth slow, and fruit maturation is late, and sugar content is not high, and quality is not good enough.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods.The blueberry of shrub type is cultivated into single trunk, overcome original blueberry trunk not obvious, branch is many, tree crown is short and small, the problem of the stoop labor of bowing, trunk rugosity and hat width obviously increase, and trunk is uprightly tall and straight, and flowers and fruits are larger, and field management is convenient, labour intensity alleviates, and meanwhile, has again ornamental value.
Provided by the present invention is a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods, and it comprises:
1, field is selected: blueberry cultivation requires strict to soil condition, and its suitable growth is high at fertile soil, good permeability, the content of organic matter, in the acid ground of pH value 4.0～5.5.While building garden, soil organic matter content should be more than 8%, and pH value is between 4.3～4.8, and the pH value of soil is too high and too low, and the growth that all can affect blueberry is even dead.
2, dig planting pit: according to seeding row spacing, be that 1m * 2.0m excavates planting pit, length and width is respectively 1m, the degree of depth about 50 ?60cm.
3, soil transformation: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould by 1:0 ?1:0 ?1:1 ?the volume ratio mixing of 2:1:5, be backfilling in planting pit.By spreading fertilizer over the fields Cosan or sulfuric acid aluminium powder, reduce the pH value of soil.Optimum is that the volume ratio of 1:1:1:2:1:5 is mixed.
4, the selection of kind
Selection tree vigo(u)r is medium, and disease resistance is strong, and colory height is from blueberry kind, as: all gram blueberry, happiness come blueberry, sunrise blueberry, reach soft blueberry, the blue certain kind of berries in garden etc.
5, plant
Selection root system is complete, robust growth, the virus-free seedling of the limb golden mean of the Confucian school.During field planting, seedling root is put in to level ground according to direction of growth Shunping County, fetches earth and bury, having peace of mind, carries on a little, then earthing, steady and sure gently.Water permeablely, then cover table soil.Integral body presents bowl-shape.Then cover the square unregistered land film of 1m, four limits are good by soil pressure.After field planting overground part stay 10 ?15cm cutting back, to reduce evaporating surface and to stimulate a branch bottom to send healthy and strong young sprout.
6, the configuration of pollinizers
For ease of the blueberry high yield of successfully bearing fruit, configurable pollinizers, two or more kinds of cultivation flower synchronization.
7, water and fertilizer management
When soil water-containing quantity not sufficient, should irrigate in time, what especially note is irrigation water, can not, with aobvious alkaline water source, preferably use reservoir and river surface-water irrigation.Blueberry belongs to typical suspicion calcium, oligotrophic plant, and it is excessive in fertilising, will to prevent especially, avoids fertilizer injury, conventionally only imposes that to take ammonium sulfate etc. for 2 times be main acid inorganic fertilizer, carries out for the 1st time after blooming, and the 2nd time over a long time prosperous at fruit development and young sprout.
8, pruning
Field planting seedling is when large Tanaka grows into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by blueberry seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 the strong bud of selecting and remain during spring in coming year rudiment is cultivated into trunk, remove other rudiment, when trunk grows to 1.5m, surely do when high, dredge and remove the side shoot below 1.3m, retain top side shoot, again through 2 ?within 3 years, cultivate, obtain the blueberry of single trunk.1.3m ?select and remain in the altitude range of 1.5m the suitable major branch of angle 6 ?8.During winter pruning, removed thick, meticulous, sick and weak, withered branch, major branch is according to the actual density side shoot of selecting and remain.Large major branch every 6 ?within 7 years, change once.
9, flower and fruit management technology
First and second year stresses to set body cultivates, and removes all buds.After the 3rd year, after flower pollination, carry out flower thinning, each major branch stays 4 colored fringes of 3 ?, and every clump of colored fringe also will carry out flower thinning, thin go overstocked, excessively soft, position is bad, have the flower of disease, each spends the flowers of fringe below staying 7.
10, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Blueberry Common Diseases has powdery mildew, downy mildew, mummy, cane rot, brown spot, root rot, can with bactericide such as carbendazim, prevent and treat season in production.The common insect in blueberry garden has aphid, mite class, fruit bat, poison moth, slug moth, Io moth, chafer, longicorn, stinkbug silk worm, branch heart-eating worm etc., pesticides available control.
Beneficial effect:
The blueberry of shrub type is cultivated into single trunk, overcome original blueberry trunk not obvious, branch is many, tree crown is short and small, the problem of the stoop labor of bowing, trunk rugosity and hat width obviously increase, and trunk is uprightly tall and straight, and flowers and fruits are larger, and field management is convenient, labour intensity alleviates, and meanwhile, has again ornamental value.
Embodiment
Specific embodiment one
In 2011 Zhenjiang, Jurong City, Nian Yu Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences bases, field planting likes 1 year raw seedling of blueberry.Adopt different soil melioration formulas, in December, 2013, measure the dry width of slightly coming of age.Take that there is no the garden mould cultivation of improvement be contrast.
Formula is respectively:
A1: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould mix by the volume ratio of 1:0:1:2:1:5;
A2: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould mix by the volume ratio of 1:1:0:2:1:5;
A3: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould mix by the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:5;
A4: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould mix by the volume ratio of 1:1:1:2:1:5;
CK: the garden mould that there is no improvement.
As shown in Table 1, A4 is significantly being better than other processing and contrast aspect slightly dry and hat width size.
The comparison of table 1 different soils formula test seedling growth situation
Specific embodiment two
In 2011 Zhenjiang, Jurong City, Nian Yu Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences bases, field planting likes 1 year raw seedling of blueberry.Adopt different pruning modes, in July, 2014, measure mean fruit weight and average single plant yield.Different pruning modes comprise: B1: the shaping and trimming method of this patent; B2: the shape shaping and trimming method of growing thickly of routine in production.As shown in Table 2, fruit of the present invention is all significantly being better than conventional method aspect mean fruit weight and average single plant yield.
The comparison of the different pruning mode of table 2 result of the test situation
Claims (4)
1. a blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) field is selected: blueberry cultivation requires strict to soil condition, its suitable growth is high at fertile soil, good permeability, the content of organic matter, in the acid ground of pH value 4.0～5.5, while building garden, soil organic matter content should be more than 8%, and pH value is between 4.3～4.8;
(2) dig planting pit: according to seeding row spacing, be that 1.0m * 2.0m excavates planting pit, length and width is respectively 1m, the degree of depth 50 ?60cm;
(3) soil transformation: reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould by 1:0 ?1:0 ?1:1 ?the volume ratio mixing of 2:1:5, be backfilling in planting pit.By spreading fertilizer over the fields Cosan or sulfuric acid aluminium powder, reduce the pH value of soil;
(4) plant
Selection root system is complete, robust growth, the virus-free seedling of the limb golden mean of the Confucian school, during field planting, seedling root is put in to level ground according to direction of growth Shunping County, fetches earth and bury, having peace of mind, carries on a little, then earthing, steady and sure gently, water permeablely, then cover table soil, integral body presents bowl-shape, then covers the square unregistered land film of 1m, and four limits are good by soil pressure, after field planting overground part stay 10 ?15cm cutting back, to reduce evaporating surface and to stimulate a branch bottom to send healthy and strong young sprout;
(5) pruning
Field planting seedling is when large Tanaka grows into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by blueberry seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 the strong bud of selecting and remain during spring in coming year rudiment is cultivated into trunk, remove other rudiment, when trunk grows to 1.5m, surely do when high, dredge and remove the side shoot below 1.3m, retain top side shoot, again through 2 ?within 3 years, cultivate, obtain the blueberry of single trunk;
(6) flower and fruit management technology
First and second year stresses to set body cultivates, and removes all buds, after the 3rd year, after flower pollination, carry out flower thinning, each major branch stay 3 ?4 colored fringes, every clump of colored fringe also will carry out flower thinning, dredge go overstocked, soft, position is bad with excessivelying, have the flower of disease, each flower fringe stays 7 flowers below.
2. a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reed, rice chaff, vinegar grain, yellow sand, the chicken manure becoming thoroughly decomposed, garden mould mix with the volume ratio of 1:1:1:2:1:5.
3. a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving according to claim 1 and 2 is cultivated shaping methods, it is characterized in that, in step (5) pruning process, 1.3m ?select and remain in the altitude range of 1.5m major branch 6 ?8, during winter pruning, removed thick, meticulous, sick and weak, withered branch, major branch is according to the actual density side shoot of selecting and remain, large major branch every 6 ?within 7 years, change once.
4. a kind of blueberry list trunk Labor-saving cultivation shaping methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that, this method is applicable to all gram blueberry, happiness and comes blueberry, sunrise blueberry, reaches soft blueberry, the contour cultivation shaping from blueberry kind of the blue certain kind of berries in garden.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105103994A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 北京润丰园林绿化工程有限公司 | Stem-cut tree clipping method |
| CN106416881A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 黄淮学院 | Saline and alkaline land garden plant planting method |
| CN108651121A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-10-16 | 徐世云 | A kind of blueberry cultivation management method |
| CN111727798A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 山西农业大学 | Short trunk umbrella frame-shaped tree form culture method for cerasus humilis |
| CN112514679A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
| CN113079913A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Cultivation management method for landscape blueberries |
| CN113854031A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Cultivation method for simplified main stem tree form of blueberry |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103994A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 北京润丰园林绿化工程有限公司 | Stem-cut tree clipping method |
| CN105103994B (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2018-04-17 | 北京润丰园林绿化工程有限公司 | Cutting strunk tree trimming method |
| CN106416881A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 黄淮学院 | Saline and alkaline land garden plant planting method |
| CN108651121A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-10-16 | 徐世云 | A kind of blueberry cultivation management method |
| CN111727798A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 山西农业大学 | Short trunk umbrella frame-shaped tree form culture method for cerasus humilis |
| CN112514679A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
| CN112514679B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
| CN113079913A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Cultivation management method for landscape blueberries |
| CN113079913B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-10-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Cultivation management method for landscape blueberries |
| CN113854031A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Cultivation method for simplified main stem tree form of blueberry |
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Effective date of registration: 20180706 Address after: 211300 1 Riverside Road, Qiqiao Town, Gaochun District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Patentee after: Nanjing wandshan blue berry Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 112, NInghang Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: Zhenjiang Wanshanhongbian Agricultural Garden |