CN112514679A

CN112514679A - Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition

Info

Publication number: CN112514679A
Application number: CN202011492973.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王小敏; 吴文龙; 赵慧芳; 闾连飞; 黄正金; 张春红
Original assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2021-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-17
Also published as: CN112514679B

Abstract

The invention discloses a pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under an open field substrate cultivation condition, which is characterized in that blueberry plants are pruned within 10-15 days after blueberry fruits are picked in summer as follows: (1) pruning basal branches: selecting 1-3 basic branches with the branch thickness within the range of 10-30 mm as trunks for reservation; (2) and (3) secondary branch pruning: selecting secondary branches with the thickness of 5-10 mm, and reserving 5-10 branches; (3) pruning three branches: selecting three branches with the thickness of 2mm-5mm for mild or moderate pruning. According to the method, the outdoor matrix potted blueberry is trimmed after being fruited in summer, so that the vegetative growth can be effectively controlled, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, the flower bud quality is improved, old branches can be removed in time through annual cycle operation, and the plant is in a high-yield state every year.

Description

Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a pruning method for promoting flower bud differentiation of open field matrix potted seedlings of over 3-year-old blueberry varieties 'Sharpblue' (summer blues).

Background

Blueberry is a fruit rich in anthocyanin, has the health-care effects of protecting eyes, resisting cancer, maintaining beauty and keeping young, delaying aging and the like, is increasingly favored by people, and has large market demand.

The growth of the blueberries has high requirements on conditions such as the pH value of soil, the content of organic matters, water drainage and air permeability and the like, but the soil suitable for planting the blueberries in China is less, the conventional soil improvement wastes time and labor, and the soil performance cannot be thoroughly improved. The matrix cultivation technology can provide the best rhizosphere environment for the growth of the blueberries, is beneficial to the growth and fruiting of the blueberries, and increases the economic benefit. The existing substrate cultivation technology adopts greenhouse cultivation, and the cost is increased to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the greenhouse potted plant also has the problems of disordered tree growth, closed branches, poor ventilation and light transmission, thin and weak inner-bore branches, secondary flowering and fruiting of new shoots and the like, and the yield and the quality in the next year are seriously influenced.

At present, open field matrix potting is also explored for blueberries so as to reduce the cultivation cost of the blueberries. However, both open field substrate cultivation and greenhouse substrate cultivation have the following problems: the matrix cultivation adopts a scientific method to prepare the optimal matrix and pH value for blueberry growth, so that the water and fertilizer retention capacity is better while the air permeability and the water drainage are improved, the vegetative growth of plants is greatly promoted, the excessive growth of the plants is easily caused, the flower bud differentiation is inhibited, and the fruit yield is finally influenced.

The outdoor substrate cultivation is carried out in a multi-matching mode, the pruning mode is a conventional fruit tree pruning mode, namely pruning in autumn and winter, the overgrown branches are removed to a certain extent, the growth and germination of new branches are promoted, but the flower bud differentiation can not be obviously promoted, and the problems of yield and quality reduction in the next year can not be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides an open-field matrix potted blueberry trimming method capable of effectively promoting flower bud differentiation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under an open field substrate cultivation condition, the pruning method comprises the following steps of pruning blueberry plants within 10-15 days after blueberry fruits are picked in summer:

(1) pruning basal branches (fixing main stems): for basic branches of blueberry plants, 1-3 reserved branches with the branch thickness within the range of 10-30 mm are selected as main branches and reserved, and the rest basic branches are directly trimmed and removed;

(2) secondary branch pruning (controlling secondary branches, branches sprouting on the trunk): selecting secondary branches with the thickness of 5-10 mm from the reserved basic branches, reserving 5-10 branches, directly trimming and removing the rest secondary branches, and controlling the trimming length of the reserved secondary branches to be 20-40 cm;

(3) pruning the third branch (promoting the third branch and germinating the second branch): and selecting three branches with the thickness of 2-5 mm from the reserved secondary branches for mild or moderate pruning, and directly pruning and removing the rest three branches.

The pruning method is carried out after 90-95% of fruits of blueberry plants are harvested in summer, and the remaining fruits and ineffective flowers are pruned before branches are pruned.

Light pruning means pruning 10% of the number of branches, and moderate pruning means pruning 20% of the number of branches.

Wherein, when the third branches are pruned in the step (3): when 5 branches are reserved on the secondary branches, slightly or moderately trimming reserved tertiary branches; when 10 branches are retained in the secondary branches, the retained tertiary branches are moderately pruned.

In some embodiments, it is preferable that, during the secondary branch pruning in step (2), secondary branch dispersion and retention are performed, such as a Y-shaped pruning manner.

In some embodiments, the trimming method is preferably performed 10 days after 90-95% of the fruits of the blueberry plants are harvested in summer.

More specifically, the pruning method provided by the invention aims at the summer blues potted in the open field matrix; reserving 2 branches of basic branches in the step (1); 5 branches are reserved in the secondary branches in the step (2), and the length is controlled to be 30 cm; carrying out moderate pruning on the three branches in the step (3): and (3) carrying out scattered pruning to remove part of the branches with the quantity being 20% of that of the three branches, and controlling the length of the retained three branches to be 15 cm.

Or 10 branches are reserved in the secondary branches in the step (2), and the length is controlled to be 30 cm; carrying out moderate pruning on the three branches in the step (3): and (3) carrying out scattered pruning to remove part of the branches with the quantity being 20% of that of the three branches, and controlling the length of the retained three branches to be 15 cm.

And (4) trimming leaves after three times of branch trimming in the step (3), and controlling the ratio of the branches to the leaves of the blueberry plants to be 1: 5.5-1: 6.5.

After the blueberry plants are pruned, the plant height is controlled to be 100-130 cm, and the crown width is controlled to be 60-80 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the method, the best pruning time is determined by screening the key factor of the pruning time of the blueberry plants, the vegetative growth of the plants after summer fruits is effectively inhibited, the differentiation of flower buds is promoted, and the economic benefit is effectively improved.

2. The invention searches for a pruning mode by fixing the trunk, controlling the secondary branches and promoting the tertiary branches, and seeks an optimal pruning mode, thereby achieving the maximum economic benefit.

3. According to the method, the open-field matrix potted blueberry is trimmed after fruits are cut, so that the vegetative growth can be effectively controlled, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, the flower bud quality is improved, old branches can be removed in time through annual cycle operation, and the plant is in a high-yield state every year.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of pruning time on flower bud differentiation in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

Test materials

The blueberry variety 'Sharpblue' (Xiuplan) to be tested is planted in Lishu area white horse experimental base, plant research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, Jiangsu province.

Example 1

Pruning time determination

Selecting an open field matrix potted blueberry variety 'Sharpblue' with basically consistent size and growth potential for carrying out a pruning experiment: and after 90-95% of fruits of the plants are harvested in the last ten days of 6 months, trimming to remove the residual fruits and ineffective flowers, and trimming after the plants grow for 0, 5d, 10d, 15d and 20 d.

Pruning is performed in a sequence from bottom to top, firstly, basal branches with the thickness range of 10mm-30mm are selected, and 3 trunks are reserved; then selecting secondary branches with the thickness range of 5mm-10mm, reserving 10 branches, and controlling the length to be 20cm-40 cm; and finally, selecting three branches with the thickness range of 2-5 mm, reserving 20%, and controlling the length to be 10-20 cm. And (4) normal fertilizer and water management, and counting the number of the buds of the single plant after 6 months, namely winter (12-1 month). 9 plants were selected for each treatment, 3 replicates.

The influence of different pruning times on flower bud differentiation is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from the figure that pruning times after fruit picking have a great influence on flower bud differentiation, and the difference between treatments is significant. The average number of flower buds trimmed immediately after picking (0 d) is 312.4, the number of trimmed flower buds increased by 6.97% after 5d, increased by 52.84% after 10d and 1.53 times of the number of flower buds trimmed immediately after picking, while the number of trimmed flower buds decreased after 15d, which is only 49.00% higher than the number of flower buds trimmed immediately after picking, the difference between the number of flower buds trimmed at 10d and 15d is not significant, the number of flower bud differentiation decreased after 20d and decreased by 6.79% than the number of flower buds trimmed immediately after picking. This indicates that too early pruning (within 5 d) and too late pruning (after 20 d) have a negative effect on the increase in the number of blueberry flower buds. Therefore, the optimal summer pruning time of the blueberries is 10-15 days after fruit picking.

Example 2

Selecting an open field matrix potted blueberry variety 'Sharpblue' with basically consistent size and growth potential for carrying out a pruning experiment: pruning 10 days after fruit picking in summer, reserving 2 basic branches, respectively reserving 5 branches and 10 secondary branches, wherein the length of each secondary branch is 30cm, the pruning degrees of the three branches are respectively mild (1/10 for pruning the number of the three branches), moderate (2/10 for pruning the number of the three branches) and severe (5/10 for pruning the number of the three branches), the length of each tertiary branch is 15cm, the plant height and the crown width are immediately measured after pruning, the number of flower buds is investigated after 6 months (at the moment, the flower buds are well identified after swelling), and the yield statistics is carried out in the next fruit period, and the results are shown in the following table.

Influence of retained quantity of secondary branches and pruning degree of tertiary branches on plant growth and flower buds

According to the table, the influence of the number of the secondary branches on the number of the flower buds is obvious, when the number of the secondary branches is 5, the difference between the number of the flower buds subjected to mild pruning and moderate pruning and the yield of a single plant is not obvious, and the influence of the two pruning modes on the number of the flower buds and the yield of the single plant is not obvious; when the number of the secondary branches is 10, the difference between the number of the flower buds obtained by mild pruning and moderate pruning is not obvious, but the trees are closed due to more branches in the mild pruning, and the later flower and fruit drop is serious, while the moderate pruning ensures a certain effective number of the flower buds, promotes photosynthesis, improves the fruit quality and improves the yield of a single plant. Therefore, when the number of the secondary branches is 5 in order to promote flower bud differentiation, the tertiary branches can be slightly or moderately trimmed; when the number of the secondary branches is 10, moderate pruning is adopted for the tertiary branches.

Claims

1. The pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under the open field substrate cultivation condition is characterized in that the blueberry plants are pruned within 10-15 days after blueberry fruits are picked in summer as follows:

(1) pruning basal branches: for basic branches of blueberry plants, 1-3 reserved branches with the branch thickness within the range of 10-30 mm are selected as main branches and reserved, and the rest basic branches are directly trimmed and removed;

(2) and (3) secondary branch pruning: selecting secondary branches with the thickness of 5-10 mm from the reserved basic branches, reserving 5-10 branches, directly trimming and removing the rest secondary branches, and controlling the trimming length of the reserved secondary branches to be 20-40 cm;

(3) pruning three branches: and selecting three branches with the thickness of 2-5 mm from the reserved secondary branches for mild or moderate pruning, and directly pruning and removing the rest three branches.

2. The pruning method according to claim 1, wherein the pruning method is performed after 90% -95% of fruits of the blueberry plants are harvested in summer, and the remaining fruits and ineffective flowers are pruned before branches are pruned.

3. The pruning method according to claim 2, wherein when the three branches are pruned in the step (3): when 5 branches are reserved on the secondary branches, slightly or moderately trimming reserved tertiary branches; when 10 branches are retained in the secondary branches, the retained tertiary branches are moderately pruned.

4. The pruning method according to claim 3, wherein secondary branch dispersion retention is performed during the secondary branch pruning.

5. The pruning method according to claim 4, wherein the pruning method is carried out 10 days after 90-95% of fruits of the blueberry plant are harvested in summer.

6. The pruning method of claim 5, wherein the pruning method is directed to open ground substrate potted summer blues; reserving 2 basic branches in the step (1); 5 branches are reserved in the secondary branches in the step (2), and the length is controlled to be 30 cm; carrying out moderate pruning on the three branches in the step (3): and (3) carrying out scattered pruning to remove part of the branches with the quantity being 20% of that of the three branches, and controlling the length of the retained three branches to be 15 cm.

7. The pruning method of claim 5, wherein the pruning method is directed to open ground substrate potted summer blues; reserving 2 basic branches in the step (1); 10 branches are reserved in the secondary branches in the step (2), and the length is controlled to be 30 cm; carrying out moderate pruning on the three branches in the step (3): and (3) carrying out scattered pruning to remove part of the branches with the quantity being 20% of that of the three branches, and controlling the length of the retained three branches to be 15 cm.

8. The pruning method according to claim 5, wherein after three times of branch pruning in the step (3), leaves are pruned, and the ratio of the branches to the leaves of the blueberry plant is controlled to be 1: 5.5-1: 6.5.