CN107646395A - A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method - Google Patents
A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646395A CN107646395A CN201710986137.2A CN201710986137A CN107646395A CN 107646395 A CN107646395 A CN 107646395A CN 201710986137 A CN201710986137 A CN 201710986137A CN 107646395 A CN107646395 A CN 107646395A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method, comprises the following steps：（1）Mark, label and record：Each plant is numbered, the growing way situation of each plant recorded before this season harvesting, this season result quantities and its distribution are quickly grasped to needing take pictures or recording in detail for specially treated individually, during to trim, quickly to determine pruning rate and pruning method.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows can form the characteristic of high-quality bud and next year result using the stimulated easily sprouting of blueberry adventitious bud and autumn hair young sprout, reform traditional pruning method, based on " summer is cut down " formula pruning method of summer, most of branch is cut within fruit harvesting certain time, it is in bare chicken feet shape to make whole strain clump, plant is stimulated to re-emit young sprout, root activity is aroused in interaction, promote nutrient growth, the formation of fruitful branch is ensured simultaneously, reach well-grown, next year result amount of fine quality increases, the effect that the height of tree reduces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blueberry technical field, and in particular to a kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula and repaiied
Shear method.
Background technology
Blueberry trimming is an important ring for blueberry artificial cultivation success or not, and the trimming of science is arranged by branch of going or staying etc.
Apply to adjust the contradiction of reproductive growth and nutrient growth, solve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition, to reach improvement fruit quality, increase
Fruit, enhancing and balance tree vigo(u)r, extend the result time limit and the purpose in tree body life-span.Current outdoor blueberry Pruning model compares into
Ripe, protecting field blueberry pruning technique relatively lags behind, and continues to use outdoor blueberry trimming management mode, based on winter pruning, summer more
Supplemented by trimming.
But protecting field blueberry growth characteristics have larger difference with outdoor blueberry.Because Protectorate cultivation pursues fruit morning
City, artificial heating is implemented as early as possible, and bud is different from leaf bud chilling requirement, bud is substantially sprouted earlier than leaf bud,（Outdoor indigo plant
Certain kind of berries bud is only slightly before leaf bud sprouting）, young sprout is caused with not having advantage in competition of yielding positive results.In addition advance germination result,
Plant nature growth rhythm, trunk infusion of having overdrawed are broken.Although 2-4 months more than outdoor blueberry growth period, young sprout is more
Stop to grow before fruit maturation；After fruit harvesting, young sprout is up in half ageing state, with root system interaction stimulating growth
Exogenous estrogen is reduced, and plant is presented stops long status similar to " aestivation ", can not often restore normal growth for a long time.Strengthen rich water and
After other management, the prosperous tip and peripheral young sprout can send out autumn growth random growth, but the thin and delicate young sprout development of most of golden mean of the Confucian school, interior thorax is bad,
Having caused spray, interior thorax branch is thin and delicate or even withered in periphery, causes only to be difficult to take into account by the Pruning model based on winter pruning
Yield, quality, tree vigo(u)r, it is difficult to control hat.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of efficient, increasing yield and improving quality protecting field blueberry summer to cut down formula pruning method, with solution
The problem of being proposed in certainly above-mentioned background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Mark, label and record：Each plant is numbered, the growing way situation of each plant remembered before this season harvesting
Record, quickly grasped to needing take pictures or recording in detail for specially treated individually, during to trim this season result quantities and its point
Cloth, quickly to determine pruning rate and pruning method；
（2）Determine pruning rate and pruning method：Pruning rate determines according to tree vigo(u)r and next year expected volume：The weak inclined light pruning of tree vigo(u)r
Cut, the prosperous weighting trimming of growing way；The high inclined light pruning of next year yield is pursued, otherwise is laid particular stress on；It is first implement pruning rate that the summer cuts down compared with
Weight, general control are cutting more than 2/3rds of total increment, and clump is high to reduce by more than 1/3rd, not higher than 80cm；After
Continuous to implement what the summer was cut down, because the indexs such as backbone structure, branch age tend to be reasonable, pruning rate is lighter, controls three in total increment
/ mono-；
（3）It is determined that the trimming time：Collecting period is determined according to this season fruit maturation situation, the trimming time then 15 after fruit harvesting-
Implement to complete in 30 days, and follow following rule：Brooder, half brooder can not be later than June 30；Cold canopy can not be later than July 20；
（4）Implement trimming：The principle of trimming：First, optimize branch group：Individual plant shrubbery selects and remain the healthy and strong branch group of the appropriate golden mean of the Confucian school, has and sprouts
Additionally selecting and remain for tiller is a small amount of sturdy, and remaining group and sprout tillers all paste ground from base portion stump；Second, ensure branch low age
Change：Retain low, of the right age branch group as far as possible, remove aged branch group；3rd, castration stimulates：The each branch group left is all carried out
Decaptitating is trimmed, and retains a small amount of branch retraction, and then each branch is bounced back at 2-3 lifes position, retains small point thereon as far as possible
Branch, weak branch remove, and young sprout does not stay as far as possible then, and it is in chicken feet shape that single branch group, which cuts and stays appropriate branch,；The sprout tillers of reservation in blade just
Chang great little position pinching；4th, culture is tree-like：The branch selected and remain is outer low and inner high, length collocation, and height is straggly；
（5）Applied fertilizer after cutting：Summer imposes balanced type NPK in time after cutting down, in time watering, it is ensured that ground moistening, promotes blueberry
Nutrient growth；
（6）Cut rear pinching processing：7-10 days after trimming, young sprout that the 2-5 bars that can be sprouted under each branch clip of reservation do not wait,
Each young sprout growing way can be adjusted by pinching and inspires secondary young sprout, treats that young sprout grows to 20-30cm and carries out pinching, secondary young sprout is sprouted
After can decide whether to carry out secondary pinching according to length and growing way, two pinching can not be later than August 20, it is ensured that every plant of clump before surviving the winter
There are 80-100 healthy and strong young sprouts；
（7）Young sprout is promoted to enrich：Foliage dressing 2-3 times after young sprout is sprouted, if not reaching can spraying for semi-lignified in late September
Apply controlling agent, press down long rush stop promote it is substantial full into spending；
（8）Roll over the post processing of branch：Implement folding branch, reprocessed according to young sprout sprouting situation and growing way, general clip is sprouted
Hair young sprout, which reaches more than 20cm, can disposably wipe out or wipe out by several times.
It is as further scheme of the invention：Step（2）Middle pruning method is intended whole using 3 kinds stump, retraction, folding of branch
What branch removed uses stump method；The branch group selected and remain after stump is handled branch thereon according to the trimming date；Morning time
Using retraction method, late uses folding branch method；General brooder takes retraction method, and cold canopy takes folding branch method, and half brooder is according to the time point
Class determines.
It is as further scheme of the invention：Step（7）In controlling agent select 200-300 times of PBO.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows utilize blueberry adventitious bud（Kryptoblast）Stimulated easily sprout can be formed with autumn hair young sprout
The characteristic of high-quality bud and next year result（Other most fruit trees are not provided simultaneously with this 2 features more, therefore can not apply this
Item technology）, reform traditional pruning method, based on " summer is cut down " formula pruning method of summer, i.e., cut within fruit harvesting certain time
Fall（Fracture）Most of branch, it is in bare chicken feet shape to make whole strain clump, stimulates plant to re-emit young sprout, root is aroused in interaction
It is vigor, promotes nutrient growth, while ensure the formation of fruitful branch, reach well-grown, next year result amount of fine quality increases, height of tree drop
Low effect.
Embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described embodiment
Only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
A kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Mark, label and record：Each plant is numbered, the growing way situation of each plant remembered before this season harvesting
Record, quickly grasped to needing take pictures or recording in detail for specially treated individually, during to trim this season result quantities and its point
Cloth, quickly to determine pruning rate and pruning method；
（2）Determine pruning rate and pruning method：Pruning rate determines according to tree vigo(u)r and next year expected volume：The weak inclined light pruning of tree vigo(u)r
Cut, the prosperous weighting trimming of growing way；The high inclined light pruning of next year yield is pursued, otherwise is laid particular stress on；It is first implement pruning rate that the summer cuts down compared with
Weight, general control are cutting more than 2/3rds of total increment, and clump is high to reduce by more than 1/3rd, not higher than 80cm；After
Continuous to implement what the summer was cut down, because the indexs such as backbone structure, branch age tend to be reasonable, pruning rate is lighter, controls three in total increment
/ mono-；
（3）It is determined that the trimming time：Collecting period is determined according to this season fruit maturation situation, the trimming time then 15 after fruit harvesting-
Implement to complete in 30 days, and follow following rule：Brooder, half brooder can not be later than June 30；Cold canopy can not be later than July 20；
（4）Implement trimming：The principle of trimming：First, optimize branch group：Individual plant shrubbery selects and remain the healthy and strong branch group of the appropriate golden mean of the Confucian school, has and sprouts
Additionally selecting and remain for tiller is a small amount of sturdy, and remaining group and sprout tillers all paste ground from base portion stump；Second, ensure branch low age
Change：Retain low, of the right age branch group as far as possible, remove aged branch group；3rd, castration stimulates：The each branch group left is all carried out
Decaptitating is trimmed, and retains a small amount of branch retraction, and then each branch is bounced back at 2-3 lifes position, retains small point thereon as far as possible
Branch, weak branch remove, and young sprout does not stay as far as possible then, and it is in chicken feet shape that single branch group, which cuts and stays appropriate branch,；The sprout tillers of reservation in blade just
Chang great little position pinching；4th, culture is tree-like：The branch selected and remain is outer low and inner high, length collocation, and height is straggly；
（5）Applied fertilizer after cutting：Summer imposes balanced type NPK in time after cutting down, in time watering, it is ensured that ground moistening, promotes blueberry
Nutrient growth；
（6）Cut rear pinching processing：7-10 days after trimming, young sprout that the 2-5 bars that can be sprouted under each branch clip of reservation do not wait,
Each young sprout growing way can be adjusted by pinching and inspires secondary young sprout, treats that young sprout grows to 20-30cm and carries out pinching, secondary young sprout is sprouted
After can decide whether to carry out secondary pinching according to length and growing way, two pinching can not be later than August 20, it is ensured that every plant of clump before surviving the winter
There are 80-100 healthy and strong young sprouts；
（7）Young sprout is promoted to enrich：Foliage dressing 2-3 times after young sprout is sprouted, if not reaching can spraying for semi-lignified in late September
Apply controlling agent, press down long rush stop promote it is substantial full into spending；
（8）Roll over the post processing of branch：Implement folding branch, reprocessed according to young sprout sprouting situation and growing way, general clip is sprouted
Hair young sprout, which reaches more than 20cm, can disposably wipe out or wipe out by several times.
Step（2）For middle pruning method using 3 kinds stump, retraction, folding of branch, that intends training removal uses stump method；After stump
The branch group selected and remain is handled branch thereon according to the trimming date；Morning time uses retraction method, and late uses folding branch method；
General brooder takes retraction method, and cold canopy takes folding branch method, and half brooder determines according to chronological classification.
Step（7）In controlling agent select 200-300 times of PBO.
Beneficial effect is existing for this method：
1st, changing traditional winter cuts mode and cuts down mode for the summer：First, traditional trim mode is cut to lead with the winter, after about half a year from
So growth, reproductive growth and nutrient growth free competition therebetween, the winter cuts and main removal is helpless to the part of spring in next year result,
It is the waste to fertilizer and moisture for pursuing fruit and being purpose artificial cultivation；Second, because free nutrient growth competes
Fall a large amount of fertilizer and moisture, be unfavorable for deposit of the reproductive growth part to next spring result；Third, the growth of free competition formula is led
Young sprout increasing number is caused, single tip blade is small and aging, increment are reduced, and thin and delicate branch is more, and good fruitful branch is few and more in periphery, and
Fruitful branch is mainly in periphery, away from root, as a result less and fruit is irregular；Fourth, the winter mode of cutting will take into account yield, can not bounce back
Control hat, determines that strain clump must expand year by year, extrudes space, internal branch is intensive, influences ventilation and penetrating light, causes vicious circle.This
Method changes traditional winter and cuts mode and cut down mode for the summer, and when summer plant stops long almost " aestivation " state, trimming in time stimulates, people
Industry control system inspires young sprout in appointed part, promotes nutrient growth, forms reasonable branch class composition, be advantageous to accumulate nutrition formed it is excellent
Matter fruitful branch, improve yield of lower season and fruit quality.Meanwhile the summer cuts down mode reduces the quantity of perennial branch, result is reduced
Branch position and clump are high, balance reproductive growth and nutrient growth relation, have great advantage to tree vigo(u)r and tree-like control.
2nd, change and traditional trimming scheme is determined according to this season growing way to determine trimming scheme in advance by field observation：Tradition
By field observation come determine trimming scheme need each branch is conscientiously observed, deduce last result season result quantities and
Fruit distribution situation, so that it is determined that the trimming scheme of each plant, causes the energy for wasting technical staff, operating efficiency is low, very
The time is most preferably trimmed to therefore missing, or trimming scheme is bad caused by error in judgement, can influence the production in next result season
Amount and fruit quality；The application proceeds by the preparation of each plant trimming scheme, profit due to during fruit growth, during inspection
With modes such as picture, video, writing records, specific aim, the result and growing way situation for intuitively recording each plant, determine to repair in advance
Scheme is cut, and trimming scheme that can be to plant part before trimming is implemented is changed repeatedly, to select optimal trimming scheme.It is real
Operating efficiency can be greatly improved when applying trimming, and ensure to take optimal trimming scheme, improve yield of lower season and fruit quality；Together
When, due to the summer, to cut down seasonal weather hotter, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion to block, and the situation of trimming personnel is easily influenceed situations such as bite by mosquitos, is carried
The trimming scheme of preceding preparation science can also help to trim the extraneous adverse effect of personnel's exclusion, ensure preferably to trim result.
3rd, the tracing management after being cut down using the summer（I.e. above-mentioned 6th to the 8th step）Consolidate trimming effect, it is ensured that strain clump after trimming
Growing way performs existing plan, and this is that traditional winter mode of cutting can not accomplish.Meanwhile repaiied even if cutting down mode using the summer merely
Cut, if no summer cut down after tracing management step, the natural growth that the summer cuts down rear plant can be indulged, equally exist reproductive growth with
The disorderly competition of nutrient growth, influence to trim effect.
4th, this method is only applicable protecting field blueberry, and other most fruit trees are inapplicable including outdoor blueberry：It is former
Because be blueberry as shrub fruit trees, itself have 2 characteristics：It can be sprouted in time first, summer optimum period cuts down adventitious bud after stimulating, in short-term
The leaf area that interior formation is coordinated with root system；Second, autumn hair shoot growth is normal, enough high-quality buds can be formed, it is ensured that
Next season growth result.And trimming optimum period is missed after the harvesting of outdoor blueberry, and may be adjusted to completely by winter pruning pre-
Phase effect, therefore inapplicable this method.Other fruit trees such as adventitious bud such as apple, pears, peach is not easy to sprout, if taking similar summer weight
Measure is cut, can not sprout new branches and leaves the short time and recover manufacture photosynthate, the asymmetry with root system development can be caused, entirely
Plant can be by very major injury；Secondly, most fruit trees be spring hair young sprout easily into flower, it is good into flower quality, the autumn send out young sprout without
Method is bad into flower or into flower result.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that those skilled in the art should for clarity
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It is appreciated that other embodiment.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality cuts down formula pruning method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
（1）Mark, label and record：Each plant is numbered, the growing way situation of each plant remembered before this season harvesting
Record, quickly grasped to needing take pictures or recording in detail for specially treated individually, during to trim this season result quantities and its point
Cloth, quickly to determine pruning rate and pruning method；
（2）Determine pruning rate and pruning method：Pruning rate determines according to tree vigo(u)r and next year expected volume：The weak inclined light pruning of tree vigo(u)r
Cut, the prosperous weighting trimming of growing way；The high inclined light pruning of next year yield is pursued, otherwise is laid particular stress on；It is first implement pruning rate that the summer cuts down compared with
Weight, general control are cutting more than 2/3rds of total increment, and clump is high to reduce by more than 1/3rd, not higher than 80cm；After
Continuous to implement what the summer was cut down, because the indexs such as backbone structure, branch age tend to be reasonable, pruning rate is lighter, controls three in total increment
/ mono-；
（3）It is determined that the trimming time：Collecting period is determined according to this season fruit maturation situation, the trimming time then 15 after fruit harvesting-
Implement to complete in 30 days, and follow following rule：Brooder, half brooder can not be later than June 30；Cold canopy can not be later than July 20；
（4）Implement trimming：The principle of trimming：First, optimize branch group：Individual plant shrubbery selects and remain the healthy and strong branch group of the appropriate golden mean of the Confucian school, has and sprouts
Additionally selecting and remain for tiller is a small amount of sturdy, and remaining group and sprout tillers all paste ground from base portion stump；Second, ensure branch low age
Change：Retain low, of the right age branch group as far as possible, remove aged branch group；3rd, castration stimulates：The each branch group left is all carried out
Decaptitating is trimmed, and retains a small amount of branch retraction, and then each branch is bounced back at 2-3 lifes position, retains small point thereon as far as possible
Branch, weak branch remove, and young sprout does not stay as far as possible then, and it is in chicken feet shape that single branch group, which cuts and stays appropriate branch,；The sprout tillers of reservation in blade just
Chang great little position pinching；4th, culture is tree-like：The branch selected and remain is outer low and inner high, length collocation, and height is straggly；
（5）Applied fertilizer after cutting：Summer imposes balanced type NPK in time after cutting down, in time watering, it is ensured that ground moistening, promotes blueberry
Nutrient growth；
（6）Cut rear pinching processing：7-10 days after trimming, young sprout that the 2-5 bars that can be sprouted under each branch clip of reservation do not wait,
Each young sprout growing way can be adjusted by pinching and inspires secondary young sprout, treats that young sprout grows to 20-30cm and carries out pinching, secondary young sprout is sprouted
After can decide whether to carry out secondary pinching according to length and growing way, two pinching can not be later than August 20, it is ensured that every plant of clump before surviving the winter
There are 80-100 healthy and strong young sprouts；
（7）Young sprout is promoted to enrich：Foliage dressing 2-3 times after young sprout is sprouted, if not reaching can spraying for semi-lignified in late September
Apply controlling agent, press down long rush stop promote it is substantial full into spending；
（8）Roll over the post processing of branch：Implement folding branch, reprocessed according to young sprout sprouting situation and growing way, general clip is sprouted
Hair young sprout, which reaches more than 20cm, can disposably wipe out or wipe out by several times.
2. a kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality according to claim 1 cuts down formula pruning method, its feature exists
In step（2）For middle pruning method using 3 kinds stump, retraction, folding of branch, that intends training removal uses stump method；Selected and remain after stump
Branch group is handled branch thereon according to the trimming date；Morning time uses retraction method, and late uses folding branch method；It is general warm
Canopy takes retraction method, and cold canopy takes folding branch method, and half brooder determines according to chronological classification.
3. a kind of efficient, protecting field blueberry summer of increasing yield and improving quality according to claim 1 cuts down formula pruning method, its feature exists
In step（7）In controlling agent select 200-300 times of PBO.
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| CN111345197A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-30 | 四川农业大学 | Pruning method for promoting formation of blueberry flower buds and improving yield |
| CN112514679A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
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| CN111345197A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-30 | 四川农业大学 | Pruning method for promoting formation of blueberry flower buds and improving yield |
| CN112514679A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
| CN112514679B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Pruning method for promoting blueberry flower bud differentiation under open field substrate cultivation condition |
| CN113854026A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Blueberry trimming and tree controlling method and device |
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