CN113854026A - Blueberry trimming and tree controlling method and device - Google Patents
Blueberry trimming and tree controlling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854026A CN113854026A CN202111128842.1A CN202111128842A CN113854026A CN 113854026 A CN113854026 A CN 113854026A CN 202111128842 A CN202111128842 A CN 202111128842A CN 113854026 A CN113854026 A CN 113854026A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G3/02—Secateurs; Flower or fruit shears
- A01G3/025—Secateurs; Flower or fruit shears having elongated or extended handles
- A01G3/0255—Tree pruners, i.e. pruning shears carried at the end of a pole
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, and discloses a blueberry trimming and tree control method, which comprises the following steps of S1, wherein the trimming time of blueberry trees is 6 months and 15 days to 7 months and 31 days every year, and the trimming is carried out after the blueberry picking is finished; s2, trimming the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the current annual new shoots of the blueberry trees, wherein the branches higher than 1.5 m are trimmed in the vertical direction; in the horizontal direction, the position difference between the edges of two adjacent blueberry trees in the same row and the middle between the two blueberry trees is more than 5cm, and the position difference between the edges of two adjacent rows and the middle between the two rows of blueberry trees is more than 25 cm; selecting a young sprout with a diameter of more than 0.5cm at a position 5cm away from the base part for pruning, and reserving a pile for 8-10cm after pruning; and S3, after the trimming is finished, supplying water and fertilizer to the blueberry trees, stopping supplying until 31 days before 9 months, and controlling leaf rollers, thrips and aphids in the growth period of young shoots. The method can improve the yield and the quality of the blueberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a blueberry trimming and tree control method and a blueberry trimming device.
Background
The blueberry is used as a new small berry, has unique fruit flavor and high nutritional value, is more and more popular with consumers, has large market demand, high selling price and high planting benefit, and attracts more and more novel operation main bodies of agricultural companies, cooperative society and the like to engage in the blueberry industry. The blueberry planting scale is continuously enlarged, and the development momentum is good. However, compared with countries in Europe and America and the like, the scientific research of domestic blueberries starts late, and the industrial development time is short. In production management, there are many technical problems, and it is obvious to use tree management technology at present.
In the young tree period of blueberry cultivation and management, the survival rate is improved, the growth vigor is promoted, the blueberries are more in branches, the branches are vigorous, the tree bodies are high, but in the fruiting prosperous period, the control of the blueberry trees is not in place, the tree bodies are too high, the crown width is too large, the branches in rows and in plants of the blueberry garden are staggered, the tree bodies are closed, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the fruit quality is reduced. Especially, the fruits in the tree body have little illumination, the mature period is delayed, the taste is slightly sour, and the commodity value is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blueberry trimming and tree controlling method and a blueberry trimming device, and aims to improve the yield and quality of blueberry fruits.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a blueberry trimming and tree controlling method comprises the following steps,
s1, pruning the blueberries in 6-7-31 days every year, wherein the pruning is carried out after the blueberries are picked;
s2, trimming the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the current annual new shoots of the blueberry trees, wherein the branches higher than 1.5 m are trimmed in the vertical direction;
in the horizontal direction, the position difference between the edges of two adjacent blueberry trees in the same row and the middle between the two blueberry trees is more than 5cm, and the position difference between the edges of two adjacent rows and the middle between the two rows of blueberry trees is more than 25 cm;
selecting a young sprout with a diameter of more than 0.5cm at a position 5cm away from the base part for pruning, and reserving a pile for 8-10cm after pruning;
and S3, after the trimming is finished, supplying water and fertilizer to the blueberry trees, stopping supplying until 31 days before 9 months, and controlling leaf rollers, thrips and aphids in the growth period of young shoots.
The invention is further provided with: and in the S2, cutting branches which are less than 30cm away from the top of the ridge surface, and cutting fruiting piles and withered piles on the blueberry trees.
The invention is further provided with: in the step S2, all or part of cross branches in the bore of the blueberry tree are cut off.
The invention is further provided with: the water fertilizer in the S3 uses urea and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the urea is 0.3-0.4%, the mass percentage concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.4-0.5%, and the water fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days.
The invention is further provided with: the pesticide used for preventing and treating in the S3 is 1000-1500 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin and 4000-5000 times of 22.4% spirotetramat, or 3000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid, or 2000-3000 times of 40% acetamiprid, and the two times are continuously beaten for 2 times with an interval of 10-15 days.
The invention also provides a trimming device used in the trimming and tree-controlling method of the blueberries, which comprises,
the outer wall of the power cylinder is provided with a connecting belt used for connecting the power cylinder to a human body;
the first piston is movably located in the power cylinder, the power cylinder is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by the first piston, a first rod body is arranged on one side of the first piston, one end of the first rod body is connected with the first piston, the other end of the first rod body is located outside the power cylinder, the first rod body is movably and hermetically connected with the power cylinder, and one end of the first rod body is located in the first cavity;
the power cylinder is fixedly connected with the power cylinder, one end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with the power cylinder, the other end of the connecting frame is hinged with one end of the power handle, and a transmission mechanism is arranged in the middle of the power handle and connected with the power handle and the first rod body;
the trimming cylinder is movably provided with a second piston, and the second piston divides the trimming cylinder into a third chamber and a fourth chamber;
one end of the second rod body is connected with the second piston, the other end of the second rod body is positioned outside the trimming cylinder, the second rod body is movably connected with the trimming cylinder in a sealing mode, and one end of the second rod body is positioned in the third cavity;
the cross-sectional area of the first piston is S1, the cross-sectional area of the first rod body is S2, the cross-sectional area of the second piston is S3, and the cross-sectional area of the second rod body is S4, wherein (S1-S2)/S1 is (S3-S4)/S3;
the two ends of the positioning rod are fixedly connected with the trimming cylinder and one end of the positioning shear respectively, and the positioning shear is in a C shape facing the trimming cylinder;
the power shears are C-shaped and face the positioning shears, the positioning shears and the power shears are staggered and can be movably attached, and the opening sides of the power shears and the positioning shears are sharp;
the two ends of the first connecting pipe are respectively communicated with the first cavity and the third cavity, and the two ends of the second connecting pipe are respectively communicated with the second cavity and the fourth cavity.
The invention is further provided with: one side of the second rod body, which is far away from the positioning rod, is provided with a Y-shaped driving body, one end of the driving body, which is far away from the positioning rod, faces to the C-shaped positioning scissors, the maximum distance between the driving body and the trimming barrel is larger than that between the power scissors and the trimming barrel, and a set distance is reserved between one end of the driving body, which is far away from the second rod body, and the power scissors.
The invention is further provided with: the first cavity is positioned above the second cavity, a first linkage rod is horizontally arranged at the top of the first rod body, the middle of the first linkage rod is connected with the top of the first rod body, second linkage rods are vertically arranged at two ends of the first linkage rod, stabilizing cylinders are vertically arranged at two sides of the power cylinder, and the two second linkage rods vertically and movably penetrate through the two stabilizing cylinders and are respectively attached to the inner walls of the two stabilizing cylinders;
two the level is provided with the third linkage pole between the bottom of second linkage pole, drive mechanism includes the articulated mast, the top of articulated mast with the middle part of third linkage pole is articulated, the bottom with the power handle is articulated, the link is L shape, just the top of link with the bottom fixed connection of power section of thick bamboo, the bottom with the power handle is articulated.
The invention is further provided with: a blocking cylinder is vertically arranged at the top of the power cylinder, the tops of the first linkage rod and the second linkage rod are movably arranged in the blocking cylinder, and a blocking net is horizontally arranged at the top of the blocking cylinder;
the outer wall of the end part of the power handle, which is far away from the connecting frame, is provided with a plurality of anti-skidding bulges, and the power handle is bent upwards;
a stopping rod is arranged on the connecting frame, and when the power handle is abutted against the stopping rod, the maximum distance between the power shears and the trimming cylinder is smaller than the minimum distance between the positioning shears and the trimming cylinder;
the power handle is provided with a step-down hole, and when the power handle rotates to the lowest position, the bottom of one third linkage rod penetrates through the step-down hole;
the connecting device is characterized by further comprising a protective sleeve, wherein part or all of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe penetrate through the protective sleeve, and the protective sleeve is made of flexible materials.
The invention is further provided with: the connecting belt comprises a waist belt body, a first shoulder belt body and a second shoulder belt body, wherein the waist belt body, the first shoulder belt body and the second shoulder belt body are all made of elastic materials, two ends of the waist belt body are connected to the bottom of the power drum, two ends of the first shoulder belt body are connected with two sides of the top of the blocking drum, and two ends of the second shoulder belt body are connected to the middle of the power drum;
the waist area body with all be provided with the eye-splice buckle on the first shoulder area body, the middle part of the second shoulder area body is provided with the stabilizing piece, the arm is seted up at the middle part of stabilizing piece and is worn the mouth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: at present, the traditional blueberry trimming method is to trim blueberries in winter, namely, the blueberries enter a dormant period after falling leaves, the trimming is started, and the crowns are controlled. Because the fruit part of the blueberry is positioned at the top end of the branch, flower buds are formed in winter, if the branch is cut short or retracted in order to control the height and the crown width of the tree, the fruit flower buds are cut off, and the yield of the next year is reduced; in the next year, the newly-emerged branches at the cut are stronger and more vigorous, and the tree body is higher and the crown is larger, thus playing a role in the adverse effect.
According to the method, the summer pruning of the blueberries is carried out by utilizing the characteristic that the flower buds of the blueberries have long differentiation period, namely in the summer growing season of the blueberries, after the fruits are picked, tree bodies are immediately pruned, new branches are promoted to grow, and the flower buds are formed again. Therefore, the tree height and the crown width are reduced, the field operation is facilitated, the ventilation and light transmission are improved, the thick and strong branches are cultivated, the strong branches and the large fruits are grown, the yield and the quality of the blueberry fruits are improved, and the method is a novel method for replacing the traditional winter pruning method. In production, compared with the traditional winter pruning method, the method can better control the tree vigor, stabilize the yield of the blueberries and improve the fruit quality; moreover, the blueberry pruning efficiency is improved, the labor amount is reduced by more than 50%, and the cost is saved and the efficiency is increased remarkably.
Wherein can develop the pruning after picking the completion, and need make in the pruning to be located between the blueberry tree of same row, can have 10 cm's distance at least, it is "the position difference that is located the border of two adjacent blueberry trees of same row and is greater than 5cm between two blueberry trees, make the difference between the blueberry tree of different rows at least 50cm simultaneously, it is greater than 25cm to be" the position difference that is located the border of two adjacent blueberry trees of two adjacent rows and is middle between two rows, so can improve the ventilation light transmissivity of blueberry tree, can branch strong simultaneously and bear fruits, and the operation this moment is compared in the blueberry tree height of pruning in winter and is lower, make the simple operation degree also higher. Meanwhile, the problems that newly-emerged branches at the cut are stronger and more vigorous, the tree body is higher and the crown width is larger after the tree is pruned in winter can be avoided. In the pruning process, branches with too high tops are pruned, branches with too low heights are pruned, and cross branches and dense branches inside the blueberry trees are pruned, so that ventilation and illumination are ensured.
After pruning is finished, water and fertilizer, also called as 'returning yang fertilizer', is applied to the blueberry trees, namely nutrients are supplemented, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are key elements, the blueberry trees are promoted to sprout and grow robustly, flower bud differentiation is promoted to be full and sufficient, and a foundation is laid for strong branches and large fruits in the next year; meanwhile, in the growth period of young shoots, the pesticide is used in a matching manner to control pests, wherein the pest control is mainly performed on leaf rollers, thrips and aphids, but other pesticides can be selected according to actual conditions in actual use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a tree of blueberry fruit harvested in summer and compared at the higher level with conventional winter pruning;
FIG. 2 is a 2 month restored form of blueberry tree after summer pruning;
FIG. 3 shows the cut of the new shoot of blueberry cut hair after summer pruning, wherein 301 is the cut of the branch cut in summer and 302 is the new shoot of blueberry cut hair after summer pruning;
fig. 4 is a first structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a trimming device for trimming and controlling blueberries of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 4;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a trimming device for trimming blueberry trees, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of portion C of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a first cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a trimming device for trimming and controlling the trees of blueberries according to the invention;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view of portion D of fig. 9;
FIG. 11 is a second cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a trimming device for trimming and controlling blueberry trees of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an enlarged view of portion E of fig. 11;
fig. 13 is an enlarged view of portion F in fig. 11.
In the figure, 1, a power cylinder; 2. a connecting belt; 2a, a waist belt body; 2b, a first shoulder belt body; 2c, a second shoulder belt body; 3. a first piston; 4. a first chamber; 5. a second chamber; 6. a first rod body; 7. a connecting frame; 8. a power handle; 9. a trimming cylinder; 10. a second piston; 11. a third chamber; 12. a fourth chamber; 13. a second rod body; 14. positioning a rod; 15. positioning scissors; 16. power shears; 17. a first connecting pipe; 18. a second connecting pipe; 19. a drive body; 20. a first linkage rod; 21. a second linkage rod; 23. a stabilizing cylinder; 24. a third link lever; 25. a hinged lever; 26. a barrier cylinder; 27. a barrier net; 28. a termination lever; 29. a hole of abdication; 30. a protective sleeve; 31. a buckle is inserted; 32. a stabilizing sheet; 33. the arm is put through.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
A blueberry trimming and tree controlling method comprises the following steps,
s1, pruning the blueberries in 6-7-31 days every year, wherein the pruning is carried out after the blueberries are picked;
s2, trimming the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the current annual new shoots of the blueberry trees, wherein the branches higher than 1.5 m (higher than the ridge surface of the blueberry trees) are trimmed in the vertical direction;
in the horizontal direction, the position difference between the edges of two adjacent blueberry trees in the same row and the middle between the two blueberry trees is more than 5cm, and the position difference between the edges of two adjacent rows and the middle between the two rows of blueberry trees is more than 25 cm;
selecting a young sprout with a diameter of more than 0.5cm at a position 5cm away from the base part for pruning, and reserving a pile for 8-10cm (the reserved pile is the young sprout) after pruning;
and S3, after the trimming is finished, supplying water and fertilizer to the blueberry trees, stopping supplying until 31 days before 9 months, and controlling leaf rollers, thrips and aphids in the growth period of young shoots.
And in the S2, cutting branches which are less than 30cm away from the top of the ridge surface, and cutting fruiting piles and withered piles on the blueberry trees.
In the step S2, all or part of cross branches in the bore of the blueberry tree are cut off.
The water fertilizer in the S3 uses urea and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the urea is 0.3-0.4%, the mass percentage concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.4-0.5%, and the water fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days.
The pesticide used for prevention and control in the S3 is 1000-1500 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin (namely the mass ratio of the effective components in the pesticide is 5%, then 1000-1500 times of water is used for dissolving the pesticide, the same is applied below) and 4000-5000 times of 22.4% spirotetramat, or 3000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid, or 2000-3000 times of 40% acetamiprid, and the continuous beating is carried out for 2 times, wherein the interval between the two times is 10-15 days.
At present, the traditional blueberry trimming method is to trim blueberries in winter, namely, the blueberries enter a dormant period after falling leaves, the trimming is started, and the crowns are controlled. Because the fruit part of the blueberry is positioned at the top end of the branch, flower buds are formed in winter, if the branch is cut short or retracted in order to control the height and the crown width of the tree, the fruit flower buds are cut off, and the yield of the next year is reduced; in the next year, the newly-emerged branches at the cut are stronger and more vigorous, and the tree body is higher and the crown is larger, thus playing a role in the adverse effect.
According to the method, the summer pruning of the blueberries is carried out by utilizing the characteristic that the flower buds of the blueberries have long differentiation period, namely in the summer growing season of the blueberries, after the fruits are picked, tree bodies are immediately pruned, new branches are promoted to grow, and the flower buds are formed again. Therefore, the tree height and the crown width are reduced, the field operation is facilitated, the ventilation and light transmission are improved, the thick and strong branches are cultivated, the strong branches and the large fruits are grown, the yield and the quality of the blueberry fruits are improved, and the method is a novel method for replacing the traditional winter pruning method. In production, compared with the traditional winter pruning method, the method can better control the tree vigor, stabilize the yield of the blueberries and improve the fruit quality; moreover, the blueberry pruning efficiency is improved, the labor amount is reduced by more than 50%, and the cost is saved and the efficiency is increased remarkably.
Wherein can develop the pruning after picking the completion, and need make in the pruning to be located between the blueberry tree of same row, can have 10 cm's distance at least, it is "the position difference that is located the border of two adjacent blueberry trees of same row and is greater than 5cm between two blueberry trees, make the difference between the blueberry tree of different rows at least 50cm simultaneously, it is greater than 25cm to be" the position difference that is located the border of two adjacent blueberry trees of two adjacent rows and is middle between two rows, so can improve the ventilation light transmissivity of blueberry tree, can branch strong simultaneously and bear fruits, and the operation this moment is compared in the blueberry tree height of pruning in winter and is lower, make the simple operation degree also higher. Meanwhile, the problems that newly-emerged branches at the cut are stronger and more vigorous, the tree body is higher and the crown width is larger after the tree is pruned in winter can be avoided. In the pruning process, branches with too high tops are pruned, branches with too low heights are pruned, and cross branches and dense branches inside the blueberry trees are pruned, so that ventilation and illumination are ensured.
After pruning is finished, water and fertilizer, also called as 'returning yang fertilizer', is applied to the blueberry trees, namely nutrients are supplemented, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are key elements, the blueberry trees are promoted to sprout and grow robustly, flower bud differentiation is promoted to be full and sufficient, and a foundation is laid for strong branches and large fruits in the next year; meanwhile, in the growth period of young shoots, the pesticide is used in a matching manner to control pests, wherein the pest control is mainly performed on leaf rollers, thrips and aphids, but other pesticides can be selected according to actual conditions in actual use.
Example 1 the blueberry variety is a southern high cluster blueberry, namely 'Missidi', the row direction is the north-south direction, the row spacing of plants is 1.0m multiplied by 2.3m, the tree height is 2.1m (average value), and the crown width is 1.2m multiplied by 2.5m (south-north multiplied by east-west) (average value), in the past, the problems that the picking is not facilitated due to the fact that the tree body is too high, the crown width exceeds the row spacing of plants, the field operation is not facilitated, the ventilation and light transmittance are poor, and the fruit quality is reduced exist.
Then, the trimming method of the application is adopted for trimming:
(1) trimming time: after the fruits are picked, the fruits begin to be trimmed in the middle of 6 months and finish in the last 7 months.
(2) The pruning method comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting off branches with the height of more than 1.5 m in the vertical direction, and reducing the height of a tree body; in the horizontal direction, branches exceeding the tree crown width are cut off, and the blueberry tree crown width is controlled to be 1.1m multiplied by 2.0m (south to north multiplied by east to west).
Secondly, thinning out dense branches and crossed branches in the inner bore of the tree body, cutting out branches with the height of less than 30cm away from the ridge surface, and cutting out fruiting piles and ill branches.
And thirdly, cutting off the current-year upright and thick young shoots (the diameter of the young shoots is more than 0.5cm from the base branches), and retaining the piles for 8 cm.
(3) And (3) post-shearing management:
through a water-fertilizer integrated system, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are supplemented every 10 days, wherein the concentration of urea is 0.3%, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5%. Stop by the end of 9 months.
In the growth period of young shoots after summer pruning, at the beginning of 8 months, the damage of thrips and aphids appears, and 5 percent of beta-cypermethrin 1000 times and 70 percent of imidacloprid 3000 are used for the first time. Every 15 days, the 5 percent beta-cypermethrin is 1500 times and the 40 percent acetamiprid is 3000 times for the second time.
In the next year, the blueberry trees are pruned in summer in the fruit ripening period, the average height of the trees is 1.8m, the crown width is 1.2m multiplied by 2.1m (south and north multiplied by east-west) (average value), the height is reduced, the crown width is reduced, the inter-row spacing of the plants is increased, the ventilation and light transmission are enhanced, the manual inter-row operation is facilitated, and the picking is convenient.
The average single plant yield is 3.2kg, the single yield is increased by 20%, the average single fruit weight is more than 2.1g, the maximum single fruit weight is 4.5g, the high-quality fruit rate is improved to more than 90% from 70% in the past, the soluble solid content of the fruit is 12.5%, the sweetness of the taste is improved, and the yield and the quality are obviously increased.
Example 2 summer pruning of a tree of the southern highbush blueberry variety "lebesi".
The row direction is the north-south direction, the row spacing of the plants is 1.0m multiplied by 2.3m, the tree height before summer pruning is 2.17m (average value), and the crown width is 2.55m multiplied by 1.21m (east-west multiplied by north-south) (average value). And (4) pruning fruits in 2018 after picking, wherein the pruning time is 6 months and 20 days, pruning fruits in summer after 3 years of continuous picking, and investigating the growth vigor and yield of the trees. The 3 connected plants were 1 cell, 3 replicates per treatment, as compared to conventional winter pruning. The test results are shown in table 1 below. (wherein the experiments in this application are all performed enclosed internally, not published externally, and no information is known externally about the content, process, conditions, and other information of the experiments performed internally.)
TABLE 1 investigation of the Effect of the "Laegexi" blueberry after summer pruning
As seen from Table 1, the average height of the tree body after summer pruning is 1.79 m, the crown width (east-west × north-south) is 1.94m × 1.16m, which is significantly smaller than the height of the control tree (2.45m × 1.40 m). The summer shears control the tree height, are convenient for picking, increase the spacing between the rows of the plants, are beneficial to the field production management operation, change the ventilation and light transmission conditions and improve the fruit quality. The fruit is increased, the yield is increased, the average single plant yield after summer pruning is 3.65kg, the yield is increased by 76 percent compared with the control, and the yield is increased remarkably. Through summer shearing after picking, the problems of poor blueberry quality and low yield are solved.
Wherein FIG. 1 is a tree form of blueberry fruit after being picked and pruned in summer, and the higher part is a contrast of conventional pruning in winter;
FIG. 2 shows the recovery of blueberry trees in 2 months after summer pruning;
FIG. 3 is a new shoot of a cut hair after summer pruning of blueberries; wherein 301 is the cut of the branch at the summer pruning position, and 302 is the new shoot of the branch after summer pruning.
The invention also provides a trimming device used in the method for trimming and controlling the trees of the blueberries, as shown in fig. 4 to 13, comprising,
the device comprises a power cylinder 1, wherein the outer wall of the power cylinder 1 is provided with a connecting belt 2 for connecting the power cylinder 1 to a human body;
the first piston 3 is movably located in the power cylinder 1, the power cylinder 1 is divided into a first chamber 4 and a second chamber 5 by the first piston 3, one side of the first piston 3 is provided with a first rod body 6, one end of the first rod body 6 is connected with the first piston 3, the other end of the first rod body 6 is located outside the power cylinder 1, the first rod body 6 is movably and hermetically connected with the power cylinder 1, and one end of the first rod body 6 is located in the first chamber 4;
the power cylinder comprises a connecting frame 7 and a power handle 8, wherein one end of the connecting frame 7 is fixedly connected with the power cylinder 1, the other end of the connecting frame is hinged with one end of the power handle 8, a transmission mechanism is arranged in the middle of the power handle 8, and the transmission mechanism is connected with the power handle 8 and the first rod body 6;
a trimming cylinder 9, wherein a second piston 10 is movably arranged in the trimming cylinder 9, and the trimming cylinder 9 is divided into a third chamber 11 and a fourth chamber 12 by the second piston 10;
one end of the second rod body 13 is connected with the second piston 10, the other end of the second rod body 13 is positioned outside the trimming cylinder 9, the second rod body 13 is movably connected with the trimming cylinder 9 in a sealing manner, and one end of the second rod body 13 is positioned in the third chamber 11;
the cross-sectional area of the first piston 3 is S1, the cross-sectional area of the first rod 6 is S2, the cross-sectional area of the second piston 10 is S3, and the cross-sectional area of the second rod 13 is S4, where (S1-S2)/S1 is (S3-S4)/S3;
the trimming device comprises a positioning rod 14 and positioning scissors 15, wherein two ends of the positioning rod 14 are fixedly connected with one ends of the trimming cylinder 9 and the positioning scissors 15 respectively, and the positioning scissors 15 are in a C shape facing the trimming cylinder 9;
the power shears 16 are C-shaped and face the positioning shears 15, the positioning shears 15 and the power shears 16 are staggered and can be movably attached, and the opening sides of the power shears 16 and the positioning shears 15 are sharp;
a first connecting pipe 17 and a second connecting pipe 18, wherein two ends of the first connecting pipe 17 are respectively communicated with the first chamber 4 and the third chamber 11, and two ends of the second connecting pipe 18 are respectively communicated with the second chamber 5 and the fourth chamber 12.
A Y-shaped driving body 19 is arranged on one side of the second rod body 13, which is far away from the positioning rod 14, one end of the driving body 19, which is far away from the positioning rod 14, is C-shaped and faces the positioning shears 15, the maximum distance between the driving body 19 and the trimming barrel 9 is greater than the maximum distance between the power shears 16 and the trimming barrel 9, and a set distance is arranged between one end of the driving body 19, which is far away from the second rod body 13, and the power shears 16.
The first chamber 4 is positioned above the second chamber 5, a first linkage rod 20 is horizontally arranged at the top of the first rod body 6, the middle of the first linkage rod 20 is connected with the top of the first rod body 6, second linkage rods 21 are vertically arranged at two ends of the first linkage rod 20, stabilizing cylinders 23 are vertically arranged at two sides of the power cylinder 1, and the two second linkage rods 21 vertically and movably penetrate through the two stabilizing cylinders 23 and are respectively attached to the inner walls of the two stabilizing cylinders 23;
two the level is provided with third linkage rod 24 between the bottom of second linkage rod 21, drive mechanism includes articulated rod 25, the top of articulated rod 25 with the middle part of third linkage rod 24 is articulated, the bottom with power handle 8 is articulated, link 7 is L shape, just the top of link 7 with the bottom fixed connection of power section of thick bamboo 1, the bottom with power handle 8 is articulated.
A blocking cylinder 26 is vertically arranged at the top of the power cylinder 1, the tops of the first linkage rod 20 and the second linkage rod 21 are movably arranged in the blocking cylinder 26, and a blocking net 27 is horizontally arranged at the top of the blocking cylinder 26;
the outer wall of the end part of the power handle 8, which is far away from the connecting frame 7, is provided with a plurality of anti-skidding bulges, so that the stability in operation can be better improved, and the power handle 8 is bent upwards;
a stop rod 28 is arranged on the connecting frame 7, and when the power handle 8 abuts against the stop rod 28, the maximum distance between the power shears 16 and the trimming cylinder 9 is smaller than the minimum distance between the positioning shears 15 and the trimming cylinder 9;
the power handle 8 is provided with a step-down hole 29, and when the power handle 8 rotates to the lowest position, the bottom of one third linkage rod 24 penetrates through the step-down hole 29;
the connecting device further comprises a protective sleeve 30, wherein part of the first connecting pipe 17 and part or all of the second connecting pipe 18 penetrate through the protective sleeve 30, and the protective sleeve 30 is made of flexible materials.
The connecting belt 2 comprises a waist belt body 2a, a first shoulder belt body 2b and a second shoulder belt body 2c, wherein the waist belt body 2a, the first shoulder belt body 2b and the second shoulder belt body 2c are all made of elastic materials, two ends of the waist belt body 2a are connected to the bottom of the power cylinder 1, two ends of the first shoulder belt body 2b are connected to two sides of the top of the blocking cylinder 26, and two ends of the second shoulder belt body 2c are connected to the middle of the power cylinder 1;
the waist area body 2a with all be provided with eye-splice buckle 31 on the first shoulder area body 2b, the middle part of the second shoulder area body 2c is provided with stabilizing sheet 32, arm is seted up in stabilizing sheet 32's middle part and is worn mouthful 33.
When the blueberry trimming and tree-controlling trimming device is used for trimming, firstly, the power cylinder 1 is hung on the side part of the waist on one side through the connecting belt 2, and the right waist is taken as an example in the embodiment; when hanging, firstly, the buckle 31 on the waist belt body 2a and the first shoulder belt body 2b are in a separated state (the buckle 31 is similar to a structure for connecting two ends of a schoolbag strap, the buckle 31 is opened to divide the strap into two parts, after the buckle 31 is inserted and matched, the free ends of the two straps are connected), then the arm on the left side passes through the arm through opening 33 from inside to outside, the stabilizing piece 32 is lapped on the shoulder on the left side, the power cylinder 1 is positioned below the armpit on the right side, then the waist belt body 2a and the first shoulder belt body 2b are respectively pulled and respectively connected with the buckle 31, so that the first shoulder belt body 2b is lapped on the shoulder on the right side, the waist body 2a is encircled on the waist of the human body, so that the power cylinder 1 can be stably connected on the human body, in the subsequent operation process, and can be conveniently carried out.
Then, when the blueberry branches needing to be trimmed are trimmed, the trimming cylinder 9 with light weight is held by the left hand, and the free end of the power handle 8 is held by the right hand (wherein the power handle 8 is bent, so that the free end is tilted upwards, and the power handle is convenient to hold and operate by the right hand); then, the trimming cylinder 9 is moved, a proper position is selected, the positioning shears 15 are buckled on the blueberry branches, then the power handle 8 is rotated downwards by the right hand of a worker, when the power handle 8 rotates downwards, the hinge rod 25 is driven to move downwards, and the hinge rod 25 drives the first rod body 6 and the first piston 3 to move downwards sequentially through the third link rod 24, the second link rod 21 and the first link rod 20; the first chamber 4, the second chamber 5, the third chamber 11, the fourth chamber 12, the first connecting pipe 17 and the second connecting pipe 18 are all filled with a liquid (preferably lubricating oil, water or other liquid capable of being used) for transmitting acting force, so that when the first piston 3 moves downwards, the liquid in the third chamber 11 enters the first chamber 4 along the first connecting pipe 17, the liquid in the second chamber 5 enters the fourth chamber 12 along the second connecting pipe 18, and the second rod 13 is driven to move towards the outside of the trimming barrel 9 at the same time until the blueberry branches finally buckled at the positioning shears 15 are broken under the shearing action of the positioning shears 15 and the power shears 16.
The cross-sectional area of the first piston 3 is S1, the cross-sectional area of the first rod 6 is S2, the cross-sectional area of the second piston 10 is S3, and the cross-sectional area of the second rod 13 is S4, which satisfies the condition of (S1-S2)/S1 being (S3-S4)/S3, so that the first piston 3 can normally drive the second piston 10 to move; and in the time of practical use, preferably the internal diameter of power section of thick bamboo 1 is great, and the internal diameter of pruning section of thick bamboo 9 is less, and it is more light convenient when handling pruning section of thick bamboo 9 like this, secondly because power section of thick bamboo 1 internal diameter is great, consequently first piston 3 needs less stroke just can drive second piston 10 and move about for right-hand operation is more simple and convenient.
When the blueberry branches are actually trimmed, the positioning scissors 15 are located between the trunk and the power scissors 16, so that the blueberry branches cut by the power scissors 16 can directly fall off during trimming, and the trimming is simple and convenient. Meanwhile, when the power shears 16 move towards the blueberry branches, the Y-shaped driving body 19 firstly acts and butts against the blueberry branches and drives the blueberry branches to deform to a certain extent (at the moment, two sides of the blueberry branches respectively butt against the driving body 19 and the positioning shears 15, and the driving body 19 is cylindrical and is easy to slide relative to the blueberry branches); therefore, before the blueberry branches are cut by the power shears 16, the blueberry branches are bent at first, and the bending direction is a direction convenient for cutting, so that the cutting is more convenient; moreover, in the subsequent continuous shearing process, the power shears 16 and the positioning shears 15 are not only used for shearing the blueberry branches, but also the driving body 19 is used for continuously driving the bent blueberry branches, so that the blueberry branches can be broken and cut simultaneously, and the method is simple and convenient.
The distance between the hinged part of the hinged rod 25 and the power handle 8 and the bottom of the connecting frame 7 is much smaller than that of the free end of the power handle 8, and the lever principle shows that when the power handle 8 is rotated downwards or upwards, the operation can be carried out conveniently and in a labor-saving manner, so that the blueberry branches can be well trimmed through the power handle 8 even if the blueberry branches are thick. For conventional branch scissors, the structure through this application can be very laborsaving and light when pruning, has reduced manipulation strength and degree of difficulty. Moreover, when the blueberry branches are trimmed, the right hand presses or rotates the power handle 8 downwards, acting force is applied more easily in the operation, and the operation habit of a human body is matched more, so that the operation convenience degree can be guaranteed integrally.
When the second linkage rod 21 vertically moves, the outer wall of the second linkage rod is limited by the stabilizing cylinder 23, so that the second linkage rod 21 can only stably vertically move, the movement of the first rod body 6 is stable, and the first rod body 6 is prevented from being subjected to overlarge acting force in the horizontal direction. Meanwhile, the blocking cylinder 26 positioned at the top of the power cylinder 1 can better prevent clothes or human bodies from interacting with the first linkage rod 20, the second linkage rod 21 and the like, so that the operation comfort and the operation safety are ensured; meanwhile, the blocking net 27 positioned at the top can also prevent clothes and the like from acting on the first linkage rod 20 and the second linkage rod 21, and the protection effect is better.
After the trimming of one blueberry branch is finished, the power handle 8 needs to be rotated upwards, and the power shears 16 are restored to the original position, because the power shears 16 and the positioning piece are easily shielded by leaves and the like at the moment, whether the power shears 16 are restored to the proper position or not is sometimes difficult to judge, at the moment, the power handle 8 only needs to be rotated upwards continuously, and the power handle 8 cannot be rotated upwards continuously until the power handle 8 is abutted to the stop rod 28, and meanwhile, the power shears 16 are also restored to the original position at the moment; even if the power shears 16 and the positioning shears 15 cannot be seen clearly, the operation can be carried out, and the operation is convenient and fast. When the power handle 8 is rotated downwards, when the power handle 8 is rotated to the lowest position, the second linkage rod 21 near one side of the connecting frame 7 can pass through the abdicating hole 29, so that the second linkage rod 21 and the power handle 8 can be prevented from colliding, or the second linkage rod 21 is limited from continuously moving downwards, and the moving range of the second linkage rod 21 is ensured.
The first connecting pipe 17, the second connecting pipe 18 and the protecting sleeve 30 are all made of flexible materials and are connected to the trimming barrel 9 after the protecting sleeve 30 bypasses the back of a human body in actual use, so that the protecting sleeve 30 can be well prevented from moving to the front side of the human body and acting on blueberry branches in actual operation, and convenience in operation is guaranteed.
Wherein the waist area body 2a, the first shoulder area body 2b and the second shoulder area body 2c all have certain elasticity, consequently at first can be applicable to the people of different sizes, can also improve the stability of being connected between power section of thick bamboo 1 and the human body simultaneously, prevent to cross the pine and lead to the landing, improved the convenient degree of whole use. The stabilizing piece 32 and the arm wearing opening 33 which are positioned in the middle of the second shoulder belt body 2c can be lapped on the left shoulder, so that the position stability of the power cylinder 1 can be improved, the acting force applied to the human body by the power cylinder 1 can be dispersed on the shoulders on the left side and the right side, and the operation comfort is higher.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A blueberry trimming and tree controlling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, pruning the blueberries in 6-7-31 days every year, wherein the pruning is carried out after the blueberries are picked;
s2, trimming the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the current annual new shoots of the blueberry trees, wherein the branches higher than 1.5 m are trimmed in the vertical direction;
in the horizontal direction, the position difference between the edges of two adjacent blueberry trees in the same row and the middle between the two blueberry trees is more than 5cm, and the position difference between the edges of two adjacent rows and the middle between the two rows of blueberry trees is more than 25 cm;
selecting a young sprout with a diameter of more than 0.5cm at a position 5cm away from the base part for pruning, and reserving a pile for 8-10cm after pruning;
and S3, after the trimming is finished, supplying water and fertilizer to the blueberry trees, stopping supplying until 31 days before 9 months, and controlling leaf rollers, thrips and aphids in the growth period of young shoots.
2. The blueberry trimming and tree controlling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the S2, cutting branches which are less than 30cm away from the top of the ridge surface, and cutting fruiting piles and withered piles on the blueberry trees.
3. The blueberry trimming and tree controlling method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, all or part of cross branches in the bore of the blueberry tree are cut off.
4. The blueberry trimming and tree controlling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water fertilizer in the S3 uses urea and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the urea is 0.3-0.4%, the mass percentage concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.4-0.5%, and the water fertilizer is applied once every 10-15 days.
5. The blueberry trimming and tree controlling method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pesticide used for preventing and treating in the S3 is 1000-1500 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin and 4000-5000 times of 22.4% spirotetramat, or 3000-4000 times of 70% imidacloprid, or 2000-3000 times of 40% acetamiprid, and the two times are continuously beaten for 2 times with an interval of 10-15 days.
6. A trimming device used in the trimming and tree-controlling method of the blueberries as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the device comprises a power cylinder (1), wherein the outer wall of the power cylinder (1) is provided with a connecting belt (2) used for connecting the power cylinder (1) to a human body;
the first piston (3) is movably located in the power cylinder (1), the power cylinder (1) is divided into a first chamber (4) and a second chamber (5) by the first piston (3), a first rod body (6) is arranged on one side of the first piston (3), one end of the first rod body (6) is connected with the first piston (3), the other end of the first rod body is located outside the power cylinder (1), the first rod body (6) is movably and hermetically connected with the power cylinder (1), and one end of the first rod body (6) is located in the first chamber (4);
the device comprises a connecting frame (7) and a power handle (8), wherein one end of the connecting frame (7) is fixedly connected with the power barrel (1), the other end of the connecting frame is hinged with one end of the power handle (8), a transmission mechanism is arranged in the middle of the power handle (8), and the transmission mechanism is connected with the power handle (8) and the first rod body (6);
the trimming cylinder (9) is movably provided with a second piston (10) in the trimming cylinder (9), and the trimming cylinder (9) is divided into a third chamber (11) and a fourth chamber (12) by the second piston (10);
one end of the second rod body (13) is connected with the second piston (10), the other end of the second rod body is positioned outside the trimming barrel (9), the second rod body (13) is movably connected with the trimming barrel (9) in a sealing mode, and one end of the second rod body (13) is positioned in the third cavity (11);
the cross-sectional area of the first piston (3) is S1, the cross-sectional area of the first rod body (6) is S2, the cross-sectional area of the second piston (10) is S3, and the cross-sectional area of the second rod body (13) is S4, wherein (S1-S2)/S1 is (S3-S4)/S3;
the trimming device comprises a positioning rod (14) and positioning scissors (15), wherein two ends of the positioning rod (14) are fixedly connected with one end of the trimming cylinder (9) and one end of the positioning scissors (15) respectively, and the positioning scissors (15) are in a C shape facing the trimming cylinder (9);
the power shears (16) are C-shaped and face the positioning shears (15), the positioning shears (15) and the power shears (16) are staggered and can be movably attached, and the opening sides of the power shears (16) and the positioning shears (15) are sharp;
the device comprises a first connecting pipe (17) and a second connecting pipe (18), wherein two ends of the first connecting pipe (17) are respectively communicated with the first cavity (4) and the third cavity (11), and two ends of the second connecting pipe (18) are respectively communicated with the second cavity (5) and the fourth cavity (12).
7. The pruning device of pruning accuse tree of blueberry according to claim 6, characterized in that: one side of the second rod body (13) departing from the positioning rod (14) is provided with a Y-shaped driving body (19), one end, far away from the positioning rod (14), of the driving body (19) is in a C shape facing the positioning shears (15), the maximum distance between the driving body (19) and the trimming barrel (9) is larger than the maximum distance between the power shears (16) and the trimming barrel (9), and a set distance is reserved between one end, far away from the second rod body (13), of the driving body (19) and the power shears (16).
8. The pruning device of pruning accuse tree of blueberry according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first chamber (4) is located above the second chamber (5), a first linkage rod (20) is horizontally arranged at the top of the first rod body (6), the middle of the first linkage rod (20) is connected with the top of the first rod body (6), second linkage rods (21) are vertically arranged at two ends of the first linkage rod (20), stabilizing barrels (23) are vertically arranged at two sides of the power barrel (1), and the two second linkage rods (21) vertically and movably penetrate through the two stabilizing barrels (23) and are respectively attached to the inner walls of the two stabilizing barrels (23);
two level is provided with third linkage pole (24) between the bottom of second linkage pole (21), drive mechanism includes articulated rod (25), the top of articulated rod (25) with the middle part of third linkage pole (24) is articulated, the bottom with power handle (8) are articulated, link (7) are L shape, just the top of link (7) with the bottom fixed connection of power section of thick bamboo (1), the bottom with power handle (8) are articulated.
9. The pruning device of pruning accuse tree of blueberry according to claim 8, characterized in that: a blocking cylinder (26) is vertically arranged at the top of the power cylinder (1), the tops of the first linkage rod (20) and the second linkage rod (21) are movably arranged in the blocking cylinder (26), and a blocking net (27) is horizontally arranged at the top of the blocking cylinder (26);
the outer wall of the end part of the power handle (8) far away from the connecting frame (7) is provided with a plurality of anti-skidding bulges, and the power handle (8) is bent upwards;
a stop rod (28) is arranged on the connecting frame (7), and when the power handle (8) is abutted against the stop rod (28), the maximum distance between the power shears (16) and the trimming cylinder (9) is smaller than the minimum distance between the positioning shears (15) and the trimming cylinder (9);
the power handle (8) is provided with a yielding hole (29), and when the power handle (8) rotates to the lowest position, the bottom of one third linkage rod (24) penetrates through the yielding hole (29);
the connecting device also comprises a protective sleeve (30), wherein part of the first connecting pipe (17) and part or all of the second connecting pipe (18) penetrate through the protective sleeve (30), and the protective sleeve (30) is made of flexible materials.
10. The pruning device of pruning accuse tree of blueberry according to claim 9, characterized in that: the connecting belt (2) comprises a waist belt body (2a), a first shoulder belt body (2b) and a second shoulder belt body (2c), wherein the waist belt body (2a) is made of elastic materials, two ends of the waist belt body (2a) are connected to the bottom of the power cylinder (1), two ends of the first shoulder belt body (2b) are connected with two sides of the top of the blocking cylinder (26), and two ends of the second shoulder belt body (2c) are connected to the middle of the power cylinder (1);
the waist area body (2a) with all be provided with eye-splice buckle (31) on the first shoulder area body (2b), the middle part of the second shoulder area body (2c) is provided with stabilizing sheet (32), arm wear mouth (33) has been seted up at the middle part of stabilizing sheet (32).
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| CN202111128842.1A CN113854026B (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Blueberry trimming and tree controlling method and device |
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