CN112425433A - High-quality and high-yield planting method for blood oranges in taluoke - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a high-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises the following steps: 1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: selecting sunny soil with slightly acidic or neutral soil; 2) and (3) field planting in summer: planting before rainfall 5-6 months; 3) improving soil: from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown, the ditch which is widened by 40 to 50cm and the depth of 40 to 60 cm is filled with green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost and cake manure year by year; 4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: fertilizing trees according to a formula that pure nitrogen is applied to the trees at the rate of 1000kg per fruit yield at the rate of 6kg to 8kg, and nitrogen is applied to phosphorus and potassium is applied at the rate of 1: 0.4 to 0.5: 0.8 to 1.0; 5) trimming; 6) promoting flower and fruit retention; 7) preventing and controlling diseases and pests; 8) and (5) harvesting in batches. The invention has the technical effect of improving the high-quality fruit rate of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae.

Description

High-quality and high-yield planting method for blood oranges in taluoke

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke.

Background

One of the Citrus aurantium of the family Taruo, native Italy, was introduced by the Citrus research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences in 1992. The blood orange is different from other types of orange fruits, and mainly comprises the following points: 1. blood circulation is promoted, and anemia is improved; 2. the optimal essential oil for promoting blood circulation effectively improves the anemia condition of the human body; 3. can warm, moisten and enrich blood, improve the cold of hands and feet; 4. the skin care product has the advantages of improving skin color, promoting skin cell regeneration and having fresh fragrance; 5. can stimulate thinking and emotion. The planting of the blood oranges in the taluoke becomes an important way for farmers to increase income and become rich. However, the vast majority of blood orange growers in taluoke lack the standardized cultivation technology of blood orange in taluoke, the management is extensive, the production is late, the yield is low, the quality is poor, the market competitiveness is weak, and the development of the blood orange industry in taluoke is seriously hindered. Therefore, there is a need for a good-quality and high-yield planting method for blood oranges in taluoke.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the application is to provide a good-quality and high-yield planting method for blood oranges in taluoke.

According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a good-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises the following steps:

1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: selecting sunny, slightly acidic or neutral soil, adopting deep-groove high ridges on the flat land, changing soil along the row slope line on the sloping land, and strip-shaped ridging and planting, and selecting fructus aurantii as a stock;

2) and (3) field planting in summer: digging a nest, wherein the depth and the width of the nest are 1 m; preparing materials, namely 5 kg/nest of calcium superphosphate, 250 g/nest of zinc sulfate, 250 g/nest of boric fertilizer and 250 g/nest of sulfur powder; backfilling, namely backfilling 20cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 1kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 15cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm again, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 3.75kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 10cm of mellow soil, and piling up cylindrical soil piles with the height of 80cm higher than the ground by 40cm after sufficient water is filled; planting, wherein the planting is carried out before rainfall for 5 to 6 months, and the planting density is 42-55 plants per mu;

3) improving soil: from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown, the ditch which is widened by 40-50 cm and has the depth of 40-60 cm is filled with green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost and cake manure year by year, surface soil is placed at the bottom layer, core soil is placed at the upper layer, and then sufficient moisture is filled in the holes until the improvement of the whole garden is completed; in high-temperature or drought seasons, the tree disc is covered by straws and the like, the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the distance between the covering and the root neck is kept about 10 cm;

4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 6 kg-8 kg of pure nitrogen to fruiting trees according to 1000kg of fruits per yield, applying formula fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1.0, applying fertilizer 3 times a year, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 3 months of 2 months accounts for 20% of the fertilizer application amount in the whole year, the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 7 months of 6 months accounts for 45-50%, and the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 11 months of 11 months accounts for 30-35%;

5) trimming: pruning in winter, wherein a fruit tree is not hung, selecting and reserving 3 main branches with the trunk height of about 30cm, and pruning trunk dead branches, insect-disease branches and bare-grown branches; hanging fruit trees, thinning and shearing upright big branches with excessive density and exuberant crown centers, retracting declined branch groups, and shearing dry and dead branches, insect-disease branches and late autumn shoots which do not turn green;

6) promoting flower and protecting fruit: controlling water and fertilizer by using a from 9 middle ten days to 10 months of physiological differentiation period of flower buds; kneading, pulling, hanging and twisting branches; b, spraying a plant growth regulator; c, root breaking; d, ring cutting or ring binding; one or more of; continuously spraying for 2-3 times every other week from 50% of blossoming to withering of flowers with 0.1% of borax, 0.4% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

7) preventing and controlling diseases:

spring: preventing and treating citrus red-yellow spider from late ten days to early 3 months, and spraying 1500 times of Nixolang solution + Techjia solution or 1500 times of mite solution; the bud maggot is prevented and controlled in 15-25 days in 3 months, and the bud maggot and anthracnose are prevented and controlled by 20 g of trichlorfon and 20 g of blue cardboards;

summer: releasing predatory mites, removing 1500 times of liquid spray from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months by using mite show, releasing amblyseius cucumeris in the middle ten days of 5 months, cutting a small opening with the length of 2cm from a paper film bag along a dotted line during release, nailing the insect bag on the back rain surface of a main branch 50-100cm away from the ground by using a thumbtack, releasing the insects at a proper air temperature of 20-30 ℃ in sunny afternoon or all day of cloudy day; preventing and treating scale insects, namely using 800-1000 times of lesaba liquid or 1000 times of fruit holy liquid to prevent and treat scale insects in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, continuously spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days;

in autumn: when the autumn shoot buds grow, 1000 times or 0.5 percent of fruity sage 1000 times of chlorbenzuron is used for preventing and controlling the citrus leaf miner, once every 5 days and continuously for 2-3 times;

in winter: cleaning the garden, ploughing the soil, whitening the tree trunk, and finally spraying and disinfecting the whole garden by using lime sulphur;

8) and (4) batch harvesting: the fresh fruit is harvested from 1 month to 4 months, and the fruit is stored from 12 months to 1 month.

Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: intercropping in an orchard: after nesting, in the first year: intercropping peanuts and radishes; in the second year: hot pepper, kohlrabi; in the third year: semen glycines, and radix Raphani; after the fourth year: raising chickens in the forest.

Optionally, in the step 2), the cultivation method further comprises 2 to 3 times of cultivation per year and 8 to 15cm of cultivation depth;

optionally, in step 4), the method further comprises the step of covering and retaining water by using a laying ground fabric or/and straw.

Optionally, in the step 5), the method comprises the steps of trimming and thinning the tips of the unripped fruit trees in spring and bending the trimmed and upright branches in winter; the bearing trees are sparse in the middle ten days of 4 months for the tree with excessive spring tips, namely three sparse branches and one sparse branch, and five sparse branches and two sparse branches.

Optionally, in the step 5), 7-8 leaf pinching promoting branches of the unworn fruit trees at the summer tips are included; the fruit trees are planted from 5 months to 20 days, 1 to 2 tender leaves are reserved every 5 days, summer shoots are removed, and autumn shoots are uniformly placed after 7 months to 20 days.

Optionally, in step 6), thinning is further included, and the ratio of leaves to fruits is kept to be 50: 1.

Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: and (3) preventing and treating fruit cracking: covering the water dripping boundary of the tree disk with 15-20 cm of straw, straw or/and mountain grass and the like in 7 months at a position 30cm outside the water dripping boundary of the tree disk, wherein the thickness is 10-15 cm; irrigating and moistening the surface soil in the morning at intervals of 4-5 days.

Optionally, the prevention and treatment of fruit cracking further comprises spraying young fruits of blood oranges in taluoke with a Lceaite or Sirinisizerlington anticracking agent in the middle and late july, and spraying the young fruits of blood oranges in taluoke once every 2-3 weeks for at most 3 times; or spraying foliage fertilizer from the middle and last ten days of July, spraying 300 times of high-efficiency calcium nitrogen fertilizer or 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate on the crown, and spraying for 3-4 times every 15 days.

Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: spraying 2,4-D in the last ten days of 11 months, then covering the tree crowns with films, and harvesting in batches from 1 month to 4 months in the next year.

The invention has the technical effect of improving the high-quality fruit rate of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae.

Detailed Description

The following embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples, so that how to implement the technical means for solving the technical problems and achieving the technical effects of the present application can be fully understood and implemented.

The invention provides a good-quality high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises the following steps in some embodiments:

1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: when building garden, selecting sunny, fertile, slightly acidic or neutral soil, adopting deep-furrow high bed on the flat land, and changing soil on the sloping land according to row and slope lines to form band-shaped ridge-building planting. Meanwhile, according to a plurality of years of anvil and ear combination tests, the bitter orange with weak growth vigor and shorter dwarfing is selected as the rootstock, the wenzhou mandarin orange is used as the interstock with the best effect, the fruit is easy to bear, the quality is excellent, and the color is bright;

2) and (3) field planting in summer:

nesting: the distance between rows and plants in the north-south direction is 4M multiplied by 3M, the depth and the width of the pit are 1M, and the mechanical digging machine works to dig the pit. In the flat field, opening the box and ditching (the ditch width is 50cm and the ditch depth is 40cm) according to the line width of 4m (the center distance), and then digging pits.

Backfilling and pit stacking: the material is accurate: crop straws are abundant, 5 kg/nest of calcium superphosphate, 250 g/nest of zinc sulfate, 250 g/nest of boric fertilizer and 250 g/nest of sulfur powder. Backfilling: after the pit is drilled, 20CM of mellow soil is backfilled. The method comprises the steps of filling straws with a trampling thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 1kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 15cm of mellow soil, filling straws with a trampling thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 3.75kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 10cm of mellow soil, filling water, piling into a cylindrical soil pile with a height of 80cm higher than the ground by 40cm, wherein the position of the cylindrical soil pile is consistent with pit points of plant row spacing and cannot be dislocated.

Planting: planting can be started after 3 middle ten days, and the planting is best in summer. And (3) carrying out field planting with the pesticide, and performing disease and pest control (mainly controlling red and yellow spiders) on the seedlings 2-3 days before field planting. Digging a pit with the depth of 25cm and the width of 20cm at the center (one to a planting point of the plant row spacing) of the prepared soil pile, taking qualified nutrition bag seedlings, loosening the bags by hands, slightly lifting the seedlings out, placing the seedlings in the center of the pit, compacting the seedlings by using mellow soil, and making the seedlings into a pot bottom shape, wherein a grafting opening is higher than the soil surface by 5 cm. After the root fixing water is fully filled, a black mulching film is covered, the width of the black mulching film is 30cm higher than the bottom of the nest, the periphery of the black mulching film is tightly pricked by soil, the top of the nest is still made into a pot bottom shape, the base of the seedling is still kept at the center of the pot bottom, and the black mulching film is fixed and moisturized after a little soil is covered. Planting before rainfall each time, wherein the planting density is 42-55 plants per mu, and preferably 55 plants per mu.

Compared with forestation in spring and autumn, the method has the advantages of high survival rate, generally more than 95%, short seedling recovering period, contribution to quick formation of crown and flower bud differentiation of the Citrus reticulata in Taluo family, and capability of trying to flower and fruit in advance by one year.

3) Improving soil:

deep ploughing and hole expanding, soil curing: after the autumn top is stopped, the ditch is expanded by 40-50 cm and 40-60 cm year by year from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown (the mountain land soil-changing position is in the inner side of the terrace and among plants). When backfilling, green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost, cake manure and the like are mixed, surface soil is placed on the bottom layer, core soil is placed on the upper layer, and then sufficient moisture is filled in the holes.

Covering the straws: in high-temperature or drought seasons, the tree tray is covered by straws and the like, the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the distance between the covering and the root neck is about 10 cm. Can keep soil moisture, regulate ground temperature, inhibit weed, and fertilize soil. The beard root quantity can be obviously increased by covering the paper rod for a long time.

Intertillage and hilling: intertillage for 2-3 times every year, keep soil loose, eradicate a plurality of perennial weeds, and reduce the plant diseases and insect pests in the soil. The intertillage depth is 8-15 cm, the slope is deep, and the flat ground is shallow. Cultivation is not suitable in rainy season.

In an orchard with barren soil layers or serious water and soil loss, a ridging measure is adopted to thicken the soil layers, the ridging is performed in winter, intertillage and soil loosening are performed before the ridging, the thickness of soil adding is 3-10 cm generally, the ridging cannot be too thick, and otherwise, root systems and root necks are easy to rot.

The blood orange of the family talocoes is a deep-rooted fruit tree, a deep soil layer can meet the requirement of good growth of a root system, the granular structure of soil is improved by improving the soil, the soil fertility is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the growth of the blood orange of the family talocoes is promoted.

4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of blood oranges in the family of taluo: the young trees are applied with quick-acting fertilizer frequently and are fertilized 15-20 days before each growth period. The fruit bearing trees are fertilized with 6kg to 8kg of pure nitrogen and 1: 0.4 to 0.5: 0.8 to 1.0 of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium according to 1000kg of fruits per yield, the fertilizer is generally fertilized 3 times a year, the fertilizing amount of spring fertilizers (in middle and late months) accounts for 20 percent of the fertilizing amount all the year around, the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer (from the bottom of 6 months to the upper ten days of 7 months) accounts for 45 to 50 percent, and the winter fertilizer (in middle and late months of 11 months) accounts for 30 to 35 percent. Meanwhile, the spring fertilizer and the strong fruit tip-promoting fertilizer mainly comprise quick-acting fertilizers such as human and animal excreta and the like, and the winter fertilizer mainly comprises farmyard manure and compound fertilizer; n, P, K the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are used in combination, thereby balancing the nutrition of the tree and improving the yield and quality.

5) Trimming:

pruning in winter: the method mainly comprises the steps of shaping the non-bearing fruit trees, selecting and reserving 3 main branches with the height of a trunk being about 30cm by adopting a natural open heart shape, carrying out balanced configuration, and cutting off dry branches, insect-pest-infected branches and bare-grown branches. The fruit bearing tree adopts a big branch pruning method to open a 'skylight', namely, the upright big branches with excessive density and exuberant crown center are pruned; retracting the regression limb group; in addition, dry dead branches, insect-disease branches and late autumn shoots which do not turn green in growth are cut off.

Shaping and thinning the shoots in spring: the young trees of the blood oranges in the family of the taluoke are mainly lightly cut, and the cut branches only need to be properly pulled open for the upright branches in winter but cannot be pulled flat too much. The fruiting tree should be used for thinning the excessive tree bud in spring top in 4 months and middle ten days or thinning the spring top for one part by three or five, so that 20% of scattered light can penetrate through the tree body, and good ventilation and light transmission are ensured.

Picking off the core and controlling the tip in summer: the young trees should be subjected to pinching and branching promotion at 7-8 leaves on the tip of the summer. The fruit trees are planted before the fruit trees are full (about 20 months and 5 days), 1-2 young leaves are left every 5 days to remove summer shoots, and autumn shoots are put after the fruit trees are in big summer (about 20 months and 7 days).

6) Promoting flower and protecting fruit:

promoting blossom of vigorous trees: the young trees of the blood oranges in the family of the taluoke are vigorous in vegetative growth and difficult to form flower buds, so the following measures are mainly taken in the physiological differentiation period of the flower buds from 9 to 10 months of each year: controlling water and fertilizer; kneading, pulling, hanging and twisting branches; spraying a plant growth regulator; cutting off roots; girdling or cerclaging. The first three or four are combined generally, and the flower yield is high in the next year, so that the flower promoting effect is good.

Fruit preservation and thinning: spraying a micro-fertilizer on leaf surfaces: spraying continuously for 2-3 times every other week from 50% of blossoming to withering of flowers with 0.1% of borax, 0.4% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Not only can improve the fruit setting rate, but also can promote the growth of the fruits. Thinning fruits: in the late June to the middle July, the ratio of leaves to fruits is 50:1, thinning fruits, manually removing diseased fruit, malformed fruits, spotted fruits, mechanically damaged fruits, dense fruits, small fruits and extra large fruits, overcoming the phenomenon of big and small years and obviously improving the high-quality fruit rate;

7) preventing and controlling diseases:

spring: and (3) preventing and treating citrus red-yellow spiders from late ten (2) months to early 3 months and middle ten days, and spraying 1500 times of Nixolang solution + Nixolang solution or 1500 times of mite removal solution. When the bud fish maw is white (3 months and 15-25 days), the plant diseases and insect pests such as bud maggot and the like are prevented, and the bud maggot, the anthracnose and the like are prevented by using 20 g of trichlorfon and 20 g of blue card.

Summer: releasing predatory mites: spraying 1500 times of the solution on the orchard from 4 th to 5 th of the month, spraying the solution once every other week in a serious orchard, and reducing the density of harmful mites to below 2 mites per leaf. In 5-month middle ten days, the amblyseius cucumeris is released, each plant is provided with one bag, a paper film bag is cut open along a dotted line to form a small opening with the length of 2cm, and the pest bag is nailed on the back rain surface of a main branch with the distance of 50-100cm from the ground by a thumbtack, so that the amblyseius cucumeris is favorably taken out of the bag, and the pest bag can be prevented from being wetted by rainwater. The temperature is suitable for 20-30 ℃ when insects are released, the insects can not be released in rainy days and continuous rainy days within 5 days, and the insects can be released in sunny days after 4 hours in the afternoon or in cloudy days all day. And (3) preventing and treating scale insects: in the full-term egg hatching (5 months and middle ten days), 800-1000 times of Lesban liquid or 1000 times of Guosheng liquid is used for prevention and treatment, and continuous spraying is carried out for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days.

In autumn: when the autumn shoot buds grow, 1000 times or 0.5 percent of fruity sage 1000 times of chlorbenzuron is used for controlling the citrus leaf miner, and the method is carried out once every 5 days and continuously for 2-3 times.

In winter: the effects of eliminating overwintering diseases and pests and reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests in the next year can be achieved by combining winter garden cleaning, soil turning, trunk whitening and finally spraying and sterilizing the whole garden by using lime sulphur.

By adopting comprehensive control measures mainly based on biological control and selectively using high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue organic synthetic pesticide, the high quality, high yield, ecology and safety of the fruit of the blood orange of the family taluoke are ensured.

8) And (4) batch harvesting: the full mature period of the blood orange in the family of Taluo is from 1 late month, the fresh fruit is harvested from 1 late month to 4 early months, and the stored fruit is harvested from 12 late months to 1 early months. The fruits of Luo-Ke-Xuehang are harvested in batches in the last ten days of 1-4 months, so that the quality of the fruits of Luo-Ke-Xuehang is improved, the shelf life of the fruits is prolonged, the selling pressure is relieved, the income of fruit growers is increased, the fruits bloom and bear good fruits in the next year, and the high and stable yield can be still maintained.

Based on the high-quality and high-yield planting method of the blood oranges in the taluoke, the high-quality fruit rate can reach 80.6%, the yield can reach more than 3400 kg/mu, and the highest yield can reach 4050 kg/mu.

In some embodiments, further comprising the step of, inter-growing the young orchard: in order to improve the utilization rate of the orchard field and ensure the harvest, short-stalk crops are intercropped before the orchard field is high in yield, and the mode of intercropping fruits and vegetables is greatly popularized. After nesting, in the first year: intercropping peanuts and radishes; in the second year: hot pepper, kohlrabi; in the third year: semen glycines, and radix Raphani; after the fourth year: raising chickens in the forest. Can obviously improve the economic benefit of unit land.

In some embodiments, the use of a paving mat or/and straw cover to retain water can provide significant water savings and reduce water consumption.

In some embodiments, the skin of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae is thin, the fruit cracking is more, the fruit cracking is particularly serious when the fruit is prone to drought, the fruit cracking rate of individual year is as high as 20% -50%, and the fruit cracking rate of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae is controlled to be below 5% by popularizing the following measures.

And (3) tree disc covering: in 7 months, the tree disk is covered with rice straw, mountain grass and the like 15-20 cm away from the trunk to 30cm outside the water dripping boundary, and the thickness is preferably 10-15 cm.

And (3) drought resistance enhancement: timely irrigating when the plants are in drought, irrigating surface soil in the morning at intervals of 4-5 days, and avoiding fruit cracking because of no water permeation.

Spraying a plant anti-cracking agent and a leaf fertilizer: spraying the young fruit of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae with an anti-cracking agent of Lv Saite or Siyin in the middle and late ten days of July, and spraying once every 2-3 weeks for 3 times at most. Or spraying foliage fertilizer from the middle and last ten days of July, spraying crown with 300 times of high-efficiency calcium nitrogen fertilizer or 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. once every 15 days for 3-4 times.

In some embodiments, after 2,4-D is sprayed in the last 11 months, tree crowns are covered with films, and the trees are harvested in batches from 1 month to 4 months in the next year, so that the yield of fruit trees can be effectively ensured, and low-temperature fruit drop can be reduced.

Example 1:

the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in Tarocco, which is implemented in Yuxi Zhenzhu village orchards and Guide Zhenzhai village orchards in Guizhong:

1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: selecting flat land exposed to the sun, deep groove high bed and bitter orange as stock;

2) and (3) field planting in summer: digging a nest, wherein the depth and the width of the nest are 1 m; preparing materials, namely 5 kg/nest of calcium superphosphate, 250 g/nest of zinc sulfate, 250 g/nest of boric fertilizer and 250 g/nest of sulfur powder; backfilling, namely backfilling 20cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 1kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 15cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm again, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 3.75kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 10cm of mellow soil, and piling up cylindrical soil piles with the height of 80cm higher than the ground by 40cm after sufficient water is filled; planting, wherein planting is carried out before rainfall for 5-6 months, and the planting density is 55 plants per mu;

3) improving soil: from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown, the ditch which is widened by 40-50 cm and has the depth of 40-60 cm is filled with green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost and cake manure year by year, surface soil is placed at the bottom layer, core soil is placed at the upper layer, and then sufficient moisture is filled in the holes until the improvement of the whole garden is completed; in high-temperature or drought seasons, the tree disc is covered by straws and the like, the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the distance between the covering and the root neck is kept about 10 cm; 2-3 intertillage times per year, and the intertillage depth is 8-15 cm;

4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 6 kg-8 kg of pure nitrogen to fruiting trees according to 1000kg of fruits per yield, applying formula fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1.0, applying fertilizer 3 times a year, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 3 months of 2 months accounts for 20% of the fertilizer application amount in the whole year, the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 7 months of 6 months accounts for 45-50%, and the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 11 months of 11 months accounts for 30-35%; ground cloth or/and straw are used for covering and water retention;

5) trimming: pruning in winter, wherein a fruit tree is not hung, selecting and reserving 3 main branches with the trunk height of about 30cm, and pruning trunk dead branches, insect-disease branches and bare-grown branches; hanging fruit trees, thinning and shearing upright big branches with excessive density and exuberant crown centers, retracting declined branch groups, and shearing dry and dead branches, insect-disease branches and late autumn shoots which do not turn green; spring: trimming and thinning the tips of the non-bearing fruit trees in spring, and stretch-bending the trimmed and upright branches in winter; the bearing tree is sparse in the middle ten days of 4 months for the tree with excessive spring tip. Summer: pinching off and branching of the fruit trees with 7-8 leaves at the tip of the summer; the fruit trees are planted from 5 months to 20 days, 1 to 2 tender leaves are reserved every 5 days, summer shoots are removed, and autumn shoots are uniformly placed after 7 months to 20 days.

6) Promoting flower and protecting fruit: controlling water and fertilizer by using a from 9 middle ten days to 10 months of physiological differentiation period of flower buds; kneading, pulling, hanging and twisting branches; b, spraying a plant growth regulator; c, root breaking; d, ring cutting or ring binding; continuously spraying for 2-3 times every other week from 50% of blossoming to withering of flowers with 0.1% of borax, 0.4% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; keeping the ratio of leaves to fruits at 50: 1; covering the water dripping boundary of the tree disk with 15-20 cm of straw, straw or/and mountain grass and the like in 7 months at a position 30cm outside the water dripping boundary of the tree disk, wherein the thickness is 10-15 cm; irrigating and moistening surface soil in the morning at intervals of 4-5 days; spraying the young fruit of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae with an anti-cracking agent of Lv saite or Siyin in the middle and last ten days of July, and spraying once every 2-3 weeks for at most 3 times; or spraying foliage fertilizer from the middle and last ten days of July, spraying 300 times of high-efficiency calcium nitrogen fertilizer or 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate on the crown, and spraying for 3-4 times every 15 days.

7) Preventing and controlling diseases:

spring: preventing and treating citrus red-yellow spider from late ten days to early 3 months, and spraying 1500 times of Nixolang solution + Techjia solution or 1500 times of mite solution; the bud maggot is prevented and controlled in 15-25 days in 3 months, and the bud maggot and anthracnose are prevented and controlled by 20 g of trichlorfon and 20 g of blue cardboards;

summer: releasing predatory mites, removing 1500 times of liquid spray from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months by using mite show, releasing amblyseius cucumeris in the middle ten days of 5 months, cutting a small opening with the length of 2cm from a paper film bag along a dotted line during release, nailing the insect bag on the back rain surface of a main branch 50-100cm away from the ground by using a thumbtack, releasing the insects at a proper air temperature of 20-30 ℃ in sunny afternoon or all day of cloudy day; preventing and treating scale insects, namely using 800-1000 times of lesaba liquid or 1000 times of fruit holy liquid to prevent and treat scale insects in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, continuously spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days;

in autumn: when the autumn shoot buds grow, 1000 times or 0.5 percent of fruity sage 1000 times of chlorbenzuron is used for preventing and controlling the citrus leaf miner, once every 5 days and continuously for 2-3 times;

in winter: cleaning the garden, ploughing the soil, whitening the tree trunk, and finally spraying and disinfecting the whole garden by using lime sulphur;

8) and (4) batch harvesting: spraying 2,4-D in the last 11 th month, then, carrying out tree crown film covering, harvesting fresh and off-the-shelf fruits in batches from the last 1 st month to the last 4 th month, and harvesting the stored fruits from the last 12 th month to the last 1 st month.

9) Intercropping in an orchard: after nesting, in the first year: intercropping peanuts and radishes; in the second year: hot pepper, kohlrabi; in the third year: semen glycines, and radix Raphani; after the fourth year: raising chickens in the forest.

The average annual high-quality fruit rate reaches 80.6 percent, and the high-quality fruit rate reaches the fruit ratio of the high-quality products in the quality standard of blood orange fruits in green food resources; the yield reaches 3600/mu; the highest rate reaches 4050 kg/mu. Compared with the data (as a control group) of the area before the method is implemented, the yield of the citrus planted according to the common citrus planting method is 2380 kg/mu, the high-quality fruit rate is 50.2%, and the high-quality fruit rate of the technical scheme of the application is 30.4% higher than that of the control group.

Example 2:

the invention provides a high-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke, which comprises the following steps of:

1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: selecting a sunny slope land, changing soil according to a slope line, and planting in a band-shaped ridge mode, and selecting bitter orange as a stock;

2) and (3) field planting in summer: digging a nest, wherein the depth and the width of the nest are 1 m; preparing materials, namely 5 kg/nest of calcium superphosphate, 250 g/nest of zinc sulfate, 250 g/nest of boric fertilizer and 250 g/nest of sulfur powder; backfilling, namely backfilling 20cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 1kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 15cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm again, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 3.75kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 10cm of mellow soil, and piling up cylindrical soil piles with the height of 80cm higher than the ground by 40cm after sufficient water is filled; planting, wherein planting is carried out before rainfall for 5-6 months, and the planting density is 55 plants per mu;

3) improving soil: from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown, the ditch which is widened by 40-50 cm and has the depth of 40-60 cm is filled with green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost and cake manure year by year, surface soil is placed at the bottom layer, core soil is placed at the upper layer, and then sufficient moisture is filled in the holes until the improvement of the whole garden is completed; in high-temperature or drought seasons, the tree disc is covered by straws and the like, the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the distance between the covering and the root neck is kept about 10 cm; 2-3 intertillage times per year, and the intertillage depth is 8-15 cm;

4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 6 kg-8 kg of pure nitrogen to fruiting trees according to 1000kg of fruits per yield, applying formula fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1.0, applying fertilizer 3 times a year, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 3 months of 2 months accounts for 20% of the fertilizer application amount in the whole year, the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 7 months of 6 months accounts for 45-50%, and the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 11 months of 11 months accounts for 30-35%; ground cloth or/and straw are used for covering and water retention;

5) trimming: pruning in winter, wherein a fruit tree is not hung, selecting and reserving 3 main branches with the trunk height of about 30cm, and pruning trunk dead branches, insect-disease branches and bare-grown branches; hanging fruit trees, thinning and shearing upright big branches with excessive density and exuberant crown centers, retracting declined branch groups, and shearing dry and dead branches, insect-disease branches and late autumn shoots which do not turn green; spring: trimming and thinning the tips of the non-bearing fruit trees in spring, and stretch-bending the trimmed and upright branches in winter; the bearing tree is sparse in the middle ten days of 4 months for the tree with excessive spring tip. Summer: pinching off and branching of the fruit trees with 7-8 leaves at the tip of the summer; the fruit trees are planted from 5 months to 20 days, 1 to 2 tender leaves are reserved every 5 days, summer shoots are removed, and autumn shoots are uniformly placed after 7 months to 20 days.

6) Promoting flower and protecting fruit: controlling water and fertilizer by using a from 9 middle ten days to 10 months of physiological differentiation period of flower buds; kneading, pulling, hanging and twisting branches; b, spraying a plant growth regulator; c, root breaking; d, ring cutting or ring binding; continuously spraying for 2-3 times every other week from 50% of blossoming to withering of flowers with 0.1% of borax, 0.4% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; keeping the ratio of leaves to fruits at 50: 1; covering the water dripping boundary of the tree disk with 15-20 cm of straw, straw or/and mountain grass and the like in 7 months at a position 30cm outside the water dripping boundary of the tree disk, wherein the thickness is 10-15 cm; irrigating and moistening surface soil in the morning at intervals of 4-5 days; spraying the young fruit of the blood orange of the family talocoaceae with an anti-cracking agent of Lv saite or Siyin in the middle and last ten days of July, and spraying once every 2-3 weeks for at most 3 times; or spraying foliage fertilizer from the middle and last ten days of July, spraying 300 times of high-efficiency calcium nitrogen fertilizer or 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate on the crown, and spraying for 3-4 times every 15 days.

7) Preventing and controlling diseases:

spring: preventing and treating citrus red-yellow spider from late ten days to early 3 months, and spraying 1500 times of Nixolang solution + Techjia solution or 1500 times of mite solution; the bud maggot is prevented and controlled in 15-25 days in 3 months, and the bud maggot and anthracnose are prevented and controlled by 20 g of trichlorfon and 20 g of blue cardboards;

summer: releasing predatory mites, removing 1500 times of liquid spray from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months by using mite show, releasing amblyseius cucumeris in the middle ten days of 5 months, cutting a small opening with the length of 2cm from a paper film bag along a dotted line during release, nailing the insect bag on the back rain surface of a main branch 50-100cm away from the ground by using a thumbtack, releasing the insects at a proper air temperature of 20-30 ℃ in sunny afternoon or all day of cloudy day; preventing and treating scale insects, namely using 800-1000 times of lesaba liquid or 1000 times of fruit holy liquid to prevent and treat scale insects in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, continuously spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days;

in autumn: when the autumn shoot buds grow, 1000 times or 0.5 percent of fruity sage 1000 times of chlorbenzuron is used for preventing and controlling the citrus leaf miner, once every 5 days and continuously for 2-3 times;

in winter: cleaning the garden, ploughing the soil, whitening the tree trunk, and finally spraying and disinfecting the whole garden by using lime sulphur;

8) and (4) batch harvesting: spraying 2,4-D in the last 11 th month, then, carrying out tree crown film covering, harvesting fresh and off-the-shelf fruits in batches from the last 1 st month to the last 4 th month, and harvesting the stored fruits from the last 12 th month to the last 1 st month.

9) Intercropping in an orchard: after nesting, in the first year: intercropping peanuts and radishes; in the second year: hot pepper, kohlrabi; in the third year: semen glycines, and radix Raphani; after the fourth year: raising chickens in the forest.

The average annual high-quality fruit rate reaches 80.6 percent, and the high-quality fruit rate reaches the fruit ratio of the high-quality products in the quality standard of blood orange fruits in green food resources; the yield reaches 3400/mu; the maximum is 4000 kg/mu. Compared with the data (as a control group) of the area before the method is implemented, the yield of the citrus planted according to the common citrus planting method is 2366 kg/mu, the high-quality fruit rate is 50.2%, and the high-quality fruit rate of the technical scheme of the application is 30.4% higher than that of the control group.

As used in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components or methods. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, different regions may refer to a component by different names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in name. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, and a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the definitions of the appended claims.

It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.

While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A high-quality and high-yield planting method of blood oranges in the family of taluoke is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) building a garden and selecting an anvil: selecting sunny, slightly acidic or neutral soil, adopting deep-groove high ridges on the flat land, changing soil along the row slope line on the sloping land, and strip-shaped ridging and planting, and selecting fructus aurantii as a stock;

2) and (3) field planting in summer: digging a nest, wherein the depth and the width of the nest are 1 m; preparing materials, namely 5 kg/nest of calcium superphosphate, 250 g/nest of zinc sulfate, 250 g/nest of boric fertilizer and 250 g/nest of sulfur powder; backfilling, namely backfilling 20cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 1kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 15cm of mellow soil, filling straws with the treading thickness of 15cm again, uniformly dispersing a layer of mixture of 3.75kg of calcium superphosphate, zinc sulfate, boron fertilizer and sulfur powder, backfilling 10cm of mellow soil, and piling up cylindrical soil piles with the height of 80cm higher than the ground by 40cm after sufficient water is filled; planting, wherein the planting is carried out before rainfall for 5 to 6 months, and the planting density is 42-55 plants per mu;

3) improving soil: from the water dripping line at the periphery of the crown, the ditch which is widened by 40-50 cm and has the depth of 40-60 cm is filled with green manure, straw or decomposed human and animal manure, compost and cake manure year by year, surface soil is placed at the bottom layer, core soil is placed at the upper layer, and then sufficient moisture is filled in the holes until the improvement of the whole garden is completed; in high-temperature or drought seasons, the tree disc is covered by straws and the like, the thickness is 15-20 cm, and the distance between the covering and the root neck is kept about 10 cm;

4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 6 kg-8 kg of pure nitrogen to fruiting trees according to 1000kg of fruits per yield, applying formula fertilizer with nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1.0, applying fertilizer 3 times a year, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 3 months of 2 months accounts for 20% of the fertilizer application amount in the whole year, the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 7 months of 6 months accounts for 45-50%, and the fertilizer application amount in the middle and late 11 months of 11 months accounts for 30-35%;

5) trimming: pruning in winter, wherein a fruit tree is not hung, selecting and reserving 3 main branches with the trunk height of about 30cm, and pruning trunk dead branches, insect-disease branches and bare-grown branches; hanging fruit trees, thinning and shearing upright big branches with excessive density and exuberant crown centers, retracting declined branch groups, and shearing dry and dead branches, insect-disease branches and late autumn shoots which do not turn green;

6) promoting flower and protecting fruit: controlling water and fertilizer by using a from 9 middle ten days to 10 months of physiological differentiation period of flower buds; kneading, pulling, hanging and twisting branches; b, spraying a plant growth regulator; c, root breaking; d, ring cutting or ring binding; one or more of; continuously spraying for 2-3 times every other week from 50% of blossoming to withering of flowers with 0.1% of borax, 0.4% of urea and 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

7) preventing and controlling diseases:

spring: preventing and treating citrus red-yellow spider from late ten days to early 3 months, and spraying 1500 times of Nixolang solution + Techjia solution or 1500 times of mite solution; the bud maggot is prevented and controlled in 15-25 days in 3 months, and the bud maggot and anthracnose are prevented and controlled by 20 g of trichlorfon and 20 g of blue cardboards;

summer: releasing predatory mites, removing 1500 times of liquid spray from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months by using mite show, releasing amblyseius cucumeris in the middle ten days of 5 months, cutting a small opening with the length of 2cm from a paper film bag along a dotted line during release, nailing the insect bag on the back rain surface of a main branch 50-100cm away from the ground by using a thumbtack, releasing the insects at a proper air temperature of 20-30 ℃ in sunny afternoon or all day of cloudy day; preventing and treating scale insects, namely using 800-1000 times of lesaba liquid or 1000 times of fruit holy liquid to prevent and treat scale insects in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, continuously spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days;

in autumn: when the autumn shoot buds grow, 1000 times or 0.5 percent of fruity sage 1000 times of chlorbenzuron is used for preventing and controlling the citrus leaf miner, once every 5 days and continuously for 2-3 times;

in winter: cleaning the garden, ploughing the soil, whitening the tree trunk, and finally spraying and disinfecting the whole garden by using lime sulphur;

8) and (4) batch harvesting: the fresh fruit is harvested from 1 month to 4 months, and the fruit is stored from 12 months to 1 month.

2. The method for planting tall orange of taluoke as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: intercropping in an orchard: after nesting, in the first year: intercropping peanuts and radishes; in the second year: hot pepper, kohlrabi; in the third year: semen glycines, and radix Raphani; after the fourth year: raising chickens in the forest.

3. The good-quality high-yield planting method of the Taruo blood orange as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the method further comprises cultivating 2 to 3 times per year and cultivating depth 8 to 15 cm.

4. The method for planting tall orange of Taruo family according to claim 1, wherein step 4) further comprises covering and retaining water with ground cloth or/and straw.

5. The method for planting tall orange of Taruo family according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), comprises spring shaping and thinning the branches of the unripped fruit trees, and bending the trimmed upright branches in winter; the bearing trees are sparse in the middle ten days of 4 months for the tree with excessive spring tips, namely three sparse branches and one sparse branch, and five sparse branches and two sparse branches.

6. The good-quality high-yield planting method of blood oranges in taluoke as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the fruit trees including non-bearing fruit trees are subjected to pinching at 7-8 leaves at the tip of summer to promote branching; the fruit trees are planted from 5 months to 20 days, 1 to 2 tender leaves are reserved every 5 days, summer shoots are removed, and autumn shoots are uniformly placed after 7 months to 20 days.

7. The method for planting tall orange of taluo family according to claim 1, further comprising thinning fruit in step 6) to maintain a ratio of leaves to fruit of 50: 1.

8. The method for planting tall orange of taluoke as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and (3) preventing and treating fruit cracking: covering the water dripping boundary of the tree disk with 15-20 cm of straw, straw or/and mountain grass and the like in 7 months at a position 30cm outside the water dripping boundary of the tree disk, wherein the thickness is 10-15 cm; irrigating and moistening the surface soil in the morning at intervals of 4-5 days.

9. The method for planting tall orange of taro in high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fruit cracking prevention further comprises spraying young fruit of tall orange of taro with Lusidte or Silein anti-cracking agent in the middle and late july, and spraying the young fruit once every 2-3 weeks for at most 3 times; or spraying foliage fertilizer from the middle and last ten days of July, spraying 300 times of high-efficiency calcium nitrogen fertilizer or 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate on the crown, and spraying for 3-4 times every 15 days.

10. The method for planting tall orange of taluoke as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: spraying 2,4-D in the last ten days of 11 months, then covering the tree crowns with films, and harvesting in batches from 1 month to 4 months in the next year.