CN115316184A - High-density cultivation method for large cherries - Google Patents
High-density cultivation method for large cherries Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316184A CN115316184A CN202211061855.6A CN202211061855A CN115316184A CN 115316184 A CN115316184 A CN 115316184A CN 202211061855 A CN202211061855 A CN 202211061855A CN 115316184 A CN115316184 A CN 115316184A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a large cherry high-density cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The large cherry high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps: transplanting: transplanting the grafted seedlings into an idle shed room, and controlling the row spacing of the seedlings to be (1.15-1.25) × (0.55-0.65) m; managing in a growing period; and (3) sleep promotion management: during the period from the cold dew to the solar term to the rising of the outside air temperature, the idle shed is shielded by the covering before sunrise every day to avoid the sunshine from entering, and the covering is removed after sunrise to store cold. The large cherry trees cultivated by the technical scheme of the invention are not limited by regions, the effective planting of the large cherries with low cost and high quality is realized, the fruit-bearing period is shortened, the fruits can be born in the second year after transplanting, the fruits can be basically formed in the third year, the high yield can be achieved in the fourth year, the yield and the income are improved, and the method is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a large cherry high-density cultivation method.
Background
The large cherry is a rosaceous and prunus plant, is bright red in color, exquisite and transparent in color, delicious in shape and rich in nutrition when being mature, and is a high-end product of commercial cherries. The large cherry variety cultivated in China is mainly European and American, and because the variety needs low-temperature winter dormancy, the introduction early stage has good performance in the northern area of China, and the large-area cultivation in the southern area is limited. With the development of agricultural science and technology, the facility cultivation technology is introduced into the field of large cherry planting, the technology breaks the territorial boundary, and the development of the large cherry industry is promoted.
However, the large cherry facility cultivation shed and the equipment are high in cost, the management cost in the full production period is high, and the facility cultivation of the large cherry is promoted and restricted due to the tree death phenomenon caused by multiple factors.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a low-cost method for cultivating large cherries without geographical restrictions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a cultivation method for cultivating high-quality large cherries by using idle vegetable greenhouses and low-value sunlight greenhouses, which breaks geographical limitation, and is low in production cost, high in yield and easy to popularize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a large cherry high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Transplanting: transplanting the biennial grafted seedling into an idle shed room, and controlling the row spacing to be (1.15-1.25) × (0.55-0.65) m;
(2) And (3) management in a growing period: after field planting, covering all the paper strips which are more than 50cm away from the ground by using a white paper sleeve, spraying a dormancy breaking agent on the uncovered part to promote the first layer of branches, and after the first layer of branches grow to 5cm, reserving 3-4 branches without opening an angle, and removing the white paper sleeve cover;
removing branches more than 120cm away from the ground, taking the new branches as second-layer branches, after the second-layer branches grow to 10cm, opening an angle of 90 degrees, and removing growing points of the second-layer branches;
the first layer of branches grows to 20cm, and all branch growing points are removed.
(3) And (3) sleep promotion management: during the period from the cold dew, the solar term to the rising of the outside air temperature, the covering is used for shielding the idle shed room before sunrise every day to avoid the sunlight from being injected, and the covering is removed after sunrise to store cold.
Has the advantages that: the large cherries are species requiring winter dormancy, and the dormancy period is divided into two stages of natural dormancy and forced dormancy. The natural dormancy starts from a period of time after the leaves fall, and after the natural dormancy is finished, the large cherries are in a forced dormancy state because the environment is in a lower interval. The method covers the greenhouse day time with a straw curtain or a cotton quilt and the like from the beginning of the period from the cold dew and solar terms (when the air temperature begins to fall) to the air temperature rising, and moves away from night, on one hand, the operation can promote the large cherries to fall leaves in advance in the early stage, so that the natural dormancy period is advanced and prolonged, the cold requirement of the large cherries for hibernation is met, the nutrition storage in the bodies of the large cherries is higher than that of outdoor planting, on the other hand, after the natural dormancy of the large cherries is finished, the outdoor temperature is still lower, and the forced dormancy period of the large cherries can be shortened due to the effect of buckling the greenhouse and increasing the temperature in the greenhouse, so that the large cherries bloom in advance and bear fruit. The cultivation method utilizes the idle greenhouse to cultivate the large cherries, can meet the cold demand of hibernation of the large cherries, overcomes the regional limitation of large cherry planting, has production cost far lower than the requirement of an intelligent greenhouse, and can be popularized and applied in broad farmers.
Preferably, the row spacing of the plants in the step (1) is 1.2 multiplied by 0.6m.
Has the beneficial effects that: the high-density planting method is adopted, the space in the greenhouse is fully utilized, and the yield of the large cherries in unit area is improved.
Preferably, the grafted seedling in the step (1) takes mahalanobis-T3U and mahalanobis SL64 as rootstocks and takes Meizao, micek, jinding red, gaosha and Russia as scions.
Has the advantages that: the mahalanobis is used as a stock, the grafting affinity is strong, and the cherry grafted plant is dwarf and is suitable for greenhouse planting management. The fruits of the cherry varieties such as Meizao, misaike, jinding red, gaosha, russia and the like have the advantages of large fruit, high quality, hard meat, storage and transportation resistance and high yield.
Preferably, the growing period management in the step (2) comprises temperature and humidity management, water management and fertilizer management;
wherein, the temperature and humidity management is specifically the first week when the outside temperature begins to rise, the indoor temperature does not exceed 15 ℃, and the temperature is controlled at 5 ℃ at night; before germination, controlling the temperature at 18-20 deg.C in daytime and not more than 25 deg.C, controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C at night, and maintaining the humidity at 80%; during flowering, the temperature is 16-18 ℃ in the daytime and is not more than 20 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 7-9 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 40-50%; in the hard core period, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and 9-10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the ginkgo period, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; the fruit coloring and mature period is controlled at 22-24 deg.C in daytime and 14 deg.C at night, and humidity is kept at 50%.
The water management is watering before flowering, during sclerosing, before harvesting and after harvesting.
The fertilizer management specifically comprises base fertilizer application in autumn, top dressing before flowering, top dressing in flowering period and top dressing after fruit picking.
More preferably, the water management adopts an office watering and less watering method, so that waterlogging and root rot are avoided.
More preferably, the time for applying the base fertilizer in the mid-autumn period is late autumn and early winter, and the organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the decomposed farmyard manure are mainly used for comprehensive nutrition and soil fertility improvement; the pre-flowering topdressing mainly comprises a special fertilizer for fruit trees, a water-soluble fertilizer or a compound fertilizer, and meets the nutritional requirements of flowering and fruiting as well as branch and leaf drawing after flower buds sprout; the flowering phase additional fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the full-bloom stage by 0.3 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.3 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate, so as to play a role in promoting the flowering and fruit setting of the large cherries; after picking fruits, top dressing and top dressing decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, and rest the health.
Preferably, the dormant period management in the step (3) controls the time of the temperature and the humidity in the idle shed room to reach between 600 and 1200 hours at the temperature of between 2.4 and 7.2 ℃.
Has the beneficial effects that: the natural hibernation of the large cherry can pass through the greenhouse after a period of time under the low-temperature condition, otherwise, the large cherry cannot smoothly bloom and bear fruits in the next year, which is a key factor for restricting the open field cultivation of the large cherry in the southern area.
Preferably, the method also comprises a vigorous growth control step, specifically, trimming is carried out in 11 middle-month ten days of the year at a fixed value, and after the trimming, when axillary buds germinate to 2.5cm, PBO plant growth regulator which is 60-80 times of the length of the whole tree is sprayed; simultaneously, carrying out physical vigorous control, and carrying out branch pulling on the branches, wherein the first layer of branches is 80 degrees, and the second layer of branches is 85 degrees; when branches grow to 5cm on the backs of the first layer of branches and the second layer of branches, pinching; after one month, carrying out second chemical vigorous growth control, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree; the flower bud differentiation is promoted 5 to 6 times after the chemical vigorous control all the year round.
Setting a value for controlling the growth of the third layer of newly-grown branches in the second year, opening the third layer of branches by using an angle opener, wherein the first opening angle is 70 degrees, the opening angle is 80 degrees after 30 days, pulling the branches after 30 days, and pulling the branches for 90 degrees; the steps of pinching, chemical vigorous control and physical vigorous control are the same as the previous year.
Has the advantages that: the vigorous growth control operation mainly comprises the steps of controlling the spindling of branches, controlling the germination of auxiliary shoots, increasing the number of flower buds and facilitating the effective management in greenhouse space.
Preferably, the method also comprises a pest control step, and the pest control is carried out by adopting a mode of combining agriculture, biology, physics and chemistry.
Preferably, the method also comprises a harvesting step, and a manual picking mode is adopted. Picking the large cherries when the cherries are ripe eight nine times, holding the fruit stems by hands, jacking the base parts of the fruit stems with forefingers, and slightly lifting the fruit stems to pick the large cherries.
Has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a method for planting large cherries densely in a greenhouse, so that the branches of the large cherries can be protected from mechanical damage by manual picking, and the damage rate of the large cherries can be reduced.
Preferably, the idle shed room is an idle vegetable greenhouse or a low-value sunlight greenhouse, and the soil layer thickness is more than 1m, the organic matter content is more than 1%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.5.
Has the advantages that: the intelligent large cherry greenhouse is planted in the south, but the intelligent greenhouse is high in construction cost and use cost and restricts the use and popularization of the intelligent large cherry greenhouse.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the large cherry high-density cultivation method is provided, the large cherry trees cultivated by the technical scheme are not limited by regions, the low-cost high-quality effective planting of the large cherry is achieved, the fruit-finding period is shortened, the large cherry trees begin to find the fruit in the second year after transplanting, the large cherry trees are basically formed in the third year, the large cherry trees can achieve high yield in the fourth year, the yield and income are improved, and the method is suitable for popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A large cherry high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an idle vegetable greenhouse with soil layer thickness of more than 1 meter, soil organic matter content of more than 1 percent and pH of 6.0-7.5 as a large cherry cultivation garden.
(2) Planting the biennial grafted seedlings at high density at a spacing of 1.15 multiplied by 0.55 m; the grafted seedling takes mahalanobis-T3U as a stock and takes Meizao as a scion.
(3) And (3) management in a growing period:
after field planting, covering all the paper strips which are more than 50cm away from the ground by using a white paper sleeve, spraying a dormancy breaking agent on the uncovered part to promote the first layer of branches, and removing the white paper sleeve cover when the first layer of branches grows to 5cm, reserving 3-4 branches without opening angles and simultaneously.
Removing branches more than 120cm away from the ground, taking the new branches as second-layer branches, and after the second-layer branches grow to 10cm, opening an angle of 90 degrees and removing growing points of the second-layer branches.
The first layer of branches grows to 20cm, and all branch growing points are removed.
Trimming in 11-month middle ten days of the year, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree when axillary buds germinate to 2.5cm after trimming; simultaneously, carrying out physical vigorous control, and carrying out branch pulling on the branches, wherein the first layer of branches is 80 degrees, and the second layer of branches is 85 degrees; when branches grow to 5cm on the backs of the first layer of branches and the second layer of branches, pinching is carried out; after one month, carrying out secondary chemical vigorous control, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree; the flower bud differentiation is promoted 5 to 6 times after the chemical vigorous control all the year round.
Setting the value for the second year, controlling the growth of the newly-grown branches in the third layer, opening the third layer of branches by using an angle opener, opening the third layer of branches to form an angle of 70 degrees after the first opening, opening the third layer of branches to form an angle of 80 degrees after 30 days, pulling the branches after 30 days, and pulling down the third layer of branches to form an angle of 90 degrees; the steps of pinching, chemical vigorous control and physical vigorous control are the same as the previous year.
Also comprises temperature and humidity management, water management, fertilizer management and pest management;
controlling the temperature to be within 15 ℃ in the first week when the outside air temperature begins to rise again and controlling the temperature to be 5 ℃ at night; before germination, controlling the temperature at 18-20 deg.C in daytime and not more than 25 deg.C, controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C at night, and maintaining the humidity at 80%; during flowering, the temperature is 16-18 ℃ in the daytime and is not more than 20 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 7-9 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 40-50%; in the hard core period, the daytime temperature is 18-20 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 9-10 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the ginkgo period, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; the fruit coloring and mature period is controlled at 22-24 deg.C in daytime and 14 deg.C at night, and humidity is kept at 50%.
Water management is respectively watered before flowering, in a hard core period (about 10 days after flower falling), before harvesting and after harvesting, and is carried out in a mode of frequent watering and less watering, so that the tree vigor weakening caused by soil ponding and anaerobic respiration of roots is avoided;
the time for applying the base fertilizer in autumn in the middle of fertilizer management is late autumn and early winter, the organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the decomposed farmyard manure are mainly used, and 300kg (in the initial fruit period and before) to 500kg (in the full fruit period) is applied per mu; the pre-flowering topdressing mainly comprises special fertilizer for fruit trees, water-soluble fertilizer or compound fertilizer, and is applied to the plants by 0.3kg (in the early fruiting period and before) to 0.8kg (in the full fruiting period); in the flowering period, the top dressing is carried out, 0.3 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.3 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the full-bloom period, and the top dressing is repeatedly sprayed once every other week; after picking fruits, top dressing and top dressing with decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, 80kg (at the initial fruit stage and before) to 200kg (at the full fruit stage) is applied per mu.
And (3) pest and disease management: and performing pest and disease damage management by a conventional method.
(4) And (3) promoting dormancy management: during the period from the cold dew to the solar term to the rise of the outside air temperature, the idle vegetable greenhouse is shielded by using coverings such as straw mats or cotton quilts before sunrise every day to avoid the incidence of sunlight, the coverings are removed after sunrise to store cold, and after the cold demand is met (the time of 2.4-7.2 ℃ reaches 600-1200 hours), the coverings are still pulled and placed every day until the outside air temperature rises again.
(5) Harvesting: when the large cherry grows to eighty-nine maturity, the large cherry is manually picked, the fruit handle is held by hand, the base part of the fruit handle is jacked by the forefinger, and the large cherry can be picked with the fruit handle after being lightly lifted.
The method for cultivating the large cherries at high density can co-survive 1038 plants after transplanting.
Example 2
A large cherry high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) A low-value sunlight greenhouse with soil layer thickness of more than 1 meter, soil organic matter content of more than 1 percent and pH of 6.0-7.5 is selected as the large cherry cultivation garden.
(2) Planting the biennial grafted seedlings at high density at a spacing of 1.25 x 0.65 m; the grafted seedling takes mahalanobis SL64 as a stock and takes Missek, gaosha and Russia as scions.
(3) And (3) management in a growing period: after field planting, covering all the paper slips which are more than 50cm away from the ground by using a white paper sleeve, spraying a dormancy breaking agent on the uncovered part to promote the first layer of branches, and removing the white paper sleeve cover when the first layer of branches grows to 5cm, reserving 3-4 branches and not opening angles;
removing branches more than 120cm away from the ground, taking the new branches as second-layer branches, after the second-layer branches grow to 10cm, opening an angle of 90 degrees, and removing growing points of the second-layer branches;
the first layer of branches grows to 20cm, and all branch growing points are removed.
Trimming in 11-month middle ten days of the year, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree when axillary buds germinate to 2.5cm after trimming; simultaneously, carrying out physical vigorous control, and carrying out branch pulling on the branches, wherein the first layer of branches is 80 degrees, and the second layer of branches is 85 degrees; when branches grow to 5cm on the backs of the first layer of branches and the second layer of branches, pinching; after one month, carrying out secondary chemical vigorous control, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree; the flower buds are promoted to differentiate 5 to 6 times after the chemical vigorous control all the year round.
Setting the value for the second year, controlling the growth of the newly-grown branches in the third layer, opening the third layer of branches by using an angle opener, opening the third layer of branches to form an angle of 70 degrees after the first opening, opening the third layer of branches to form an angle of 80 degrees after 30 days, pulling the branches after 30 days, and pulling down the third layer of branches to form an angle of 90 degrees; the steps of pinching, chemical vigorous control and physical vigorous control are the same as the previous year.
Also comprises temperature and humidity management, water management, fertilizer management and pest management;
controlling the temperature management to be within 15 ℃ in the first week when the outside air temperature begins to rise, and controlling the indoor temperature to be within 5 ℃ at night; before germination, the temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and not more than 25 ℃, the temperature is controlled at 5-7 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 80%; during flowering, the temperature is 16-18 ℃ in the daytime and is not more than 20 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 7-9 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 40-50%; in the hard core period, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and 9-10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the ginkgo period, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; during the fruit coloring and mature period, the temperature is controlled at 22-24 ℃ in the daytime and 14 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%.
Water management is respectively watered before flowering, in a hard core period (about 10 days after flower falling), before harvesting and after harvesting, and is carried out in a mode of frequent watering and less watering, so that the tree vigor weakening caused by soil ponding and anaerobic respiration of roots is avoided;
the time for applying the base fertilizer in autumn in the middle of fertilizer management is late autumn and early winter, the organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the decomposed farmyard manure are mainly used, and 300kg (in the initial fruit period and before) to 500kg (in the full fruit period) is applied per mu; the pre-flowering topdressing mainly comprises a special fertilizer for fruit trees, a water-soluble fertilizer or a compound fertilizer, and 0.3kg (at the initial fruit stage and before) to 0.8kg (at the full fruit stage) of the fertilizer is applied to the plants; in the flowering period, the top dressing is carried out, 0.3 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.3 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the full-bloom period, and the top dressing is repeatedly sprayed once every other week; after picking fruits, top dressing and top dressing with decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, 80kg (at the initial fruit stage and before) to 200kg (at the full fruit stage) is applied per mu.
And (3) pest and disease management: and performing pest and disease damage management by a conventional method.
(6) And (3) sleep promotion management: during the period from the cold dew to the rising of the outside air temperature, the idle vegetable greenhouse is shielded by using coverings such as straw mats or cotton quilts before sunrise every day to avoid the sunshine from being injected, the coverings are removed after sunrise to store cold, and after the requirement of cold quantity is met (the time of 2.4-7.2 ℃ reaches 600-1200 hours), the coverings are still pulled and placed every day until the outside air temperature rises again.
(7) Harvesting: when the large cherry grows to eighty-nine ripe stage, the large cherry is picked manually, the fruit stem is held by hand, the base part of the fruit stem is jacked by a forefinger, and the large cherry can be picked with the fruit stem after being lightly lifted.
The large cherry high-density cultivation method of the embodiment is transplanted to obtain 812 plants.
Example 3
A large cherry high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) A low-value sunlight greenhouse with soil layer thickness of more than 1 meter, soil organic matter content of more than 1 percent and pH of 6.0-7.5 is selected as the large cherry cultivation garden.
(2) Carrying out high-density planting on the biennial grafted seedlings at the spacing of 1.2 multiplied by 0.6m of plant-row spacing; the grafted seedling takes mahalanobis T3U as a stock and takes Meizao and Jinding red as a scion.
(3) And (3) management in a growing period: after field planting, covering all the paper slips which are more than 50cm away from the ground by using a white paper sleeve, spraying a dormancy breaking agent on the uncovered part to promote the first layer of branches, and removing the white paper sleeve cover when the first layer of branches grows to 5cm, reserving 3-4 branches and not opening angles;
removing branches more than 120cm away from the ground, taking the new branches as second-layer branches, after the second-layer branches grow to 10cm, opening an angle of 90 degrees, and removing growing points of the second-layer branches;
the first layer of branches grows to 20cm, and all branch growing points are removed.
Trimming in 11-month middle ten days of the year, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree when axillary buds germinate to 2.5cm after trimming; simultaneously, physically controlling vigorous growth, and carrying out branch pulling on the branches, wherein the first layer of branches is 80 degrees, and the second layer of branches is 85 degrees; when branches grow to 5cm on the backs of the first layer of branches and the second layer of branches, pinching is carried out; after one month, carrying out secondary chemical vigorous control, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree; the flower bud differentiation is promoted 5 to 6 times after the chemical vigorous control all the year round.
Setting a value for controlling the growth of the third layer of newly-grown branches in the second year, opening the third layer of branches by using an angle opener, wherein the first opening angle is 70 degrees, the opening angle is 80 degrees after 30 days, pulling the branches after 30 days, and pulling the branches for 90 degrees; the steps of pinching, chemical vigorous control and physical vigorous control are the same as the previous year.
Also comprises temperature and humidity management, water management, fertilizer management and pest management;
controlling the temperature management to be within 15 ℃ in the first week when the outside air temperature begins to rise, and controlling the indoor temperature to be within 5 ℃ at night; before germination, controlling the temperature at 18-20 deg.C in daytime and not more than 25 deg.C, controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C at night, and maintaining the humidity at 80%; during flowering, the temperature in the daytime is 16-18 ℃ and is not higher than 20 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 7-9 ℃, and the humidity is 40-50%; in the hard core period, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and 9-10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the ginkgo period, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; the fruit coloring and mature period is controlled at 22-24 deg.C in daytime and 14 deg.C at night, and humidity is kept at 50%.
Water management is respectively watered before flowering, in a hard core period (about 10 days after flower falling), before harvesting and after harvesting, and is carried out in a mode of frequent watering and less watering, so that the tree vigor weakening caused by soil ponding and anaerobic respiration of roots is avoided;
the time for applying the base fertilizer in autumn in the middle of fertilizer management is late autumn and early winter, the organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the decomposed farmyard manure are mainly used, and 300kg (in the initial fruit period and before) to 500kg (in the full fruit period) is applied per mu; the pre-flowering topdressing mainly comprises special fertilizer for fruit trees, water-soluble fertilizer or compound fertilizer, and is applied to the plants by 0.3kg (in the early fruiting period and before) to 0.8kg (in the full fruiting period); in the flowering period, the top dressing is carried out, 0.3 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of borax and 0.3 to 0.4 percent of monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the full-bloom period, and the top dressing is repeatedly sprayed once every other week; after picking fruits, top dressing and top dressing with decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, 80kg (at the initial fruit stage and before) to 200kg (at the full fruit stage) is applied per mu.
And (3) pest and disease management: and performing pest and disease damage management by a conventional method.
(8) And (3) sleep promotion management: during the period from the cold dew to the solar term to the rise of the outside air temperature, the idle vegetable greenhouse is shielded by using coverings such as straw mats or cotton quilts before sunrise every day to avoid the incidence of sunlight, the coverings are removed after sunrise to store cold, and after the cold demand is met (the time of 2.4-7.2 ℃ reaches 600-1200 hours), the coverings are still pulled and placed every day until the outside air temperature rises again.
(9) Harvesting: when the large cherry grows to eighty-nine maturity, the large cherry is manually picked, the fruit handle is held by hand, the base part of the fruit handle is jacked by the forefinger, and the large cherry can be picked with the fruit handle after being lightly lifted.
The large cherry high-density cultivation method of the embodiment can be used for co-growing 912 plants after transplanting.
Comparative example 1
A large cherry cultivation method, planting density of 2.5 x 2m, other operations are the same as example 3.
The large cherry cultivation method of the comparative example can be used for forming 128 live plants after transplanting.
Comparative example 2
A method for cultivating large cherry is carried out in the same way as in the embodiment 3 except that the greenhouse is not covered and shielded in the dormancy period.
The large cherry cultivation method of the comparative example can survive 914 plants together after transplantation.
The results of the statistical recording of the cultivation results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Therefore, the large cherry trees cultivated by the technical scheme of the invention realize effective planting of large cherries with low cost and high quality, shorten the fruit-appearing period, begin to appear fruits in the second year after transplanting, basically form in the third year, achieve high yield in the fourth year, improve the yield and income, and are suitable for popularization.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The method for cultivating the large cherries at high density is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Transplanting: transplanting the biennial grafted seedling into an idle shed room, and controlling the row spacing to be (1.15-1.25) × (0.55-0.65) m;
(2) And (3) management in a growth period: after field planting, covering all the paper strips which are more than 50cm away from the ground by using a white paper sleeve, spraying a dormancy breaking agent on the uncovered part to promote the first layer of branches, and after the first layer of branches grow to 5cm, reserving 3-4 branches without opening an angle, and removing the white paper sleeve cover;
removing branches more than 120cm away from the ground, taking the new branches as second-layer branches, opening an angle of 90 degrees after the second-layer branches grow to 10cm, and picking off growing points of the second-layer branches;
the first layer of branches grows to 20cm, and all branch growing points are picked off;
(3) And (3) promoting dormancy management: during the period from the cold dew to the solar term to the rising of the outside air temperature, the idle shed is shielded by the covering before sunrise every day to avoid the sunshine from entering, and the covering is removed after sunrise to store cold.
2. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the grafted seedlings of step (1) are scions of mahalanobis-T3U and mahalanobis SL64 as rootstocks and Meizao, micek, jinding red, gaosha and Russia.
3. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing in step (1) is 1.2 x 0.6m.
4. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the growing period management of step (2) comprises temperature and humidity management, water management, fertilizer management;
wherein, the temperature and humidity management is specifically that the outdoor temperature starts to rise for the first week, the indoor temperature does not exceed 15 ℃, and the temperature is controlled at 5 ℃ at night; before germination, controlling the temperature at 18-20 deg.C in daytime and not more than 25 deg.C, controlling the temperature at 5-7 deg.C at night, and maintaining the humidity at 80%; during flowering, the temperature in the daytime is 16-18 ℃ and is not higher than 20 ℃, the temperature at night is controlled to be 7-9 ℃, and the humidity is 40-50%; in the hard core period, the temperature is 18-20 ℃ in the daytime and 9-10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the ginkgo period, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in the daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%; in the fruit coloring and mature period, the temperature is controlled at 22-24 ℃ in the daytime and 14 ℃ at night, and the humidity is kept at 50%;
the water management is watering before flowering, during sclerosing, before harvesting and after harvesting;
the fertilizer management specifically comprises base fertilizer application in autumn, top dressing before flowering, top dressing in flowering phase and top dressing after fruit picking.
5. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the dormancy stage management in the step (3) controls the temperature in the idle shed at 2.4-7.2 ℃ for 600-1200 hours.
6. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, further comprising a vigorous growth control step, wherein the method comprises pruning in 11-month middle of the year at a fixed value, and spraying the whole tree with 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator when axillary buds sprout to 2.5cm after pruning; simultaneously, physically controlling vigorous growth, and carrying out branch pulling on the branches, wherein the first layer of branches is 80 degrees, and the second layer of branches is 85 degrees; when branches grow to 5cm on the backs of the first layer of branches and the second layer of branches, pinching is carried out; after one month, carrying out second chemical vigorous growth control, and spraying 60-80 times of PBO plant growth regulator on the whole tree; the flower buds are promoted to differentiate 5 to 6 times after the full-year chemical vigorous control;
setting a value for controlling the growth of the third layer of newly-grown branches in the second year, opening the third layer of branches by using an angle opener, wherein the first opening angle is 70 degrees, the opening angle is 80 degrees after 30 days, pulling the branches after 30 days, and pulling the branches for 90 degrees; the steps of pinching, chemical vigorous control and physical vigorous control are the same as the previous year.
7. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, further comprising a harvesting step, wherein manual picking is adopted.
8. The method for cultivating large cherries at high density according to claim 1, wherein the idle shed room is an idle vegetable greenhouse or a low-value sunlight greenhouse, and the soil layer thickness is more than 1m, the organic matter content is more than 1%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.5.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05236828A (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1993-09-17 | Nagano Pref Gov Keizai Jigiyou Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai | Year-round culture of deciduous fruit trees like cherry |
| CN103385148A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-11-13 | 张喜平 | Cherry stunting and condensed planting technology |
| CN106561394A (en) * | 2016-11-12 | 2017-04-19 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Cultivation method for promoting large cherries to ripen earlier by utilizing natural climate in plateau area |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05236828A (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1993-09-17 | Nagano Pref Gov Keizai Jigiyou Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai | Year-round culture of deciduous fruit trees like cherry |
| CN103385148A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-11-13 | 张喜平 | Cherry stunting and condensed planting technology |
| CN106561394A (en) * | 2016-11-12 | 2017-04-19 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Cultivation method for promoting large cherries to ripen earlier by utilizing natural climate in plateau area |
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