CN110731220B - Cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses - Google Patents
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- 241000109329 Rosa xanthina Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses. The method comprises the following steps: (1) screening out a variety suitable for cultivation according to local natural resource conditions; (2) plant selection: selecting 3-6-year-old rose seedlings, wherein each rose seedling has at least 3 branches; (3) low-temperature treatment: carrying out low-temperature treatment on the rose seedlings in the dormant state after pruning; (4) performing field planting, seedling hardening and maintenance in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months; (5) regulating and controlling fertilizer and water: after the rose seedlings germinate, regulating and controlling the fertilizer and water of the seedlings in the greenhouse; (6) before budding, the temperature is controlled by shading light. According to the method, the rose can be delayed from blooming to 6-7 in the middle of the month, blooming can be delayed for 20-30 days, and the basic characteristics such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the blooming duration and the like of the rose flowers are kept unchanged. The method of the invention realizes the aim of flower blossoming freely and solves the technical problem of incompatibility between planting production and ecological landscape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rose cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses. Belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation.
Background
The rose is shrub of Rosaceae. The roses have the properties of cold resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and the flower buds are fragrant, so the roses are favored by palace noble people in the early Tang period and are planted as ornamental plants.
At present, the bitter rose, the rose with heavy petals, the rose with syncope, the rose with plump flowers, the rose with purple branches, the rose in lotus and the rose in Damascus introduced abroad are mainly cultivated in Beijing Miaokushan, Gansu Yongden, Shandong Pingyin, Xinjiang Hotan, Shanxi Weinan, Shandong Heze and other places in China. The flowering time of the roses is closely related to the variety, planting region, climate and other ecological environments of the roses. The flowering time of roses in Beijing area is generally from 5 to 5 ten days of the first month.
At present, the cultivation method of landscape roses mainly comprises the following steps: 1) variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2. 2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted. 3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm. 4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering. 5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the method, the potted landscape roses in Beijing area usually bloom in 5-10-5-30 days. Therefore, the rose has a short flowering phase, and cannot meet the demand of people for roses in other times. Therefore, how to delay the flowering time of the roses is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved by rose growers
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
the invention discloses a cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses, which comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection
Screening out landscape rose varieties which are strong in adaptability and suitable for cultivation in local ecological environments according to local natural resource conditions;
(2) plant selection
Selecting 3-6-year-old rose seedlings, wherein each rose seedling has at least 3 branches, and the rose seedlings have developed root systems, robust plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like;
(3) low temperature treatment
In 3 months, when the soil is just frozen, lifting seedlings and pruning, moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings in a dormant state, transferring the rose seedlings into a refrigeration house at 0-4 ℃, performing low-temperature treatment for 40-50 days, and prolonging the dormant period;
(4) field planting maintenance
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a vessel with a prepared matrix for hardening in late ten (4) month to early ten (5) months, and spraying water, applying fertilizer and maintaining after hardening;
(5) fertilizer and water regulation
After the rose seedlings germinate, regulating and controlling the fertilizer and water of the rose seedlings in the greenhouse, promoting vegetative growth and inhibiting reproductive growth;
(6) shading temperature control
And before budding, shading and cooling.
Preferably, in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
Preferably, in the step (4), the matrix consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container, preferably 2/3.
Wherein, preferably, the organic fertilizer is a biological power organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and has a purity of 98%.
Preferably, in the step (4), the seedling exercising is performed according to the following steps: transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a container with a prepared matrix into a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 8-15 ℃, and recovering seedlings for 72 hours; then gradually exposing to light and ventilating, gradually increasing the temperature of the greenhouse to 16-24 ℃, and keeping the humidity at 65-75%.
Preferably, in the step (5), the fertilizer water regulation refers to early stage water promotion and later stage water control.
Wherein, preferably, the early stage water-promoting operation comprises the following specific operations: watering once or after soil is dry according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days; the later stage water control refers to watering when the soil is dry and the plant is slightly wilted, and adding soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to make the final concentration reach 0.3 w/w% each time of watering.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is preferably 5:3: 2.
Preferably, the shading and cooling in the step (6) means artificially shading for 2-3 hours each day; the greenhouse temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ compared with the temperature (16-24 ℃) after the light exposure and ventilation in the step (4).
According to the method, the rose is delayed from blooming to the middle 6 to the upper 7 months, the blooming can be delayed for 20 to 30 days, and the basic characters of the rose, including the quantity, the size, the color, the fragrance, the blooming time and the like, are kept unchanged.
In order to realize the delayed flowering of the roses, the invention mainly adopts the following special technical means:
1. low temperature treatment
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial low-temperature treatment, and the delayed flowering cultivation needs the moisture preservation and low-temperature refrigeration treatment of the rose seedlings for 40-50 days so as to prolong the dormancy period.
2. Pot culture dormancy relieving method
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial temperature rise to release dormancy, and the delayed flowering cultivation needs transplanting of the pot culture nursery stock treated at low temperature in a greenhouse for hardening and releasing dormancy.
3. Time of potting
The traditional landscape rose pot culture time is generally 11 middle and last days of the month, the seedling is started, trimmed and directly potted, and the delayed blooming pot culture is performed in 4 to 5 last days of the month.
4. Fertilizer and water regulation
The traditional landscape rose pot culture only needs conventional fertilizer and water management, and the delayed flowering cultivation needs strict fertilizer and water regulation, namely early-stage water promotion and later-stage water control, so as to promote vegetative growth and inhibit reproductive growth.
5. Shading temperature control
The traditional landscape rose pot culture generally does not need shading and temperature control, and shading and temperature control are needed before buds of the flowering pot culture are delayed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the rose can be delayed from blooming to 6-7 in the middle of the month, blooming can be delayed for 20-30 days, and the basic characteristics such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the blooming duration and the like of the rose flowers are kept unchanged. The goal of flower blooming at will is realized, and the technical problem of incompatibility between planting production and ecological landscape is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows delayed flowering rose seedlings (6 months and 12 days 2017);
FIG. 2 is a control normal flowering rose (5 months and 17 days 2017).
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1 cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses
1.1 variety selection
According to the natural resource conditions of Beijing area, landscape rose varieties Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 which have strong adaptability and are suitable for cultivation are screened out.
1.2 plant selection
The flos rubi No. 1 and the flos rubi No. 2 rose seedlings are required to grow for 3-6 years, 3-6 branches are arranged on each rose seedling, the root system is developed, the plants are strong, the plant types are compact, and the disease and insect damage are avoided.
1.3 Low temperature treatment
And (3) in the middle ten days of 3 months, when 0-15 cm of soil is just frozen, lifting seedlings and pruning, moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings in a dormant state, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, performing low-temperature treatment for 40-50 days, and prolonging the dormant period.
1.4 permanent planting and maintenance
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a vessel with a prepared substrate for hardening the nursery stock from late 4-5 th ten days, and specifically: transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a container containing a matrix, and transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse (the matrix occupies about 2/3 of the volume of the container), keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 8-15 ℃, and recovering the seedlings for 72 hours; then gradually exposing to light and ventilating, gradually increasing the temperature of the greenhouse to 16-24 ℃, and keeping the humidity at 65-75%. Water spraying, fertilizer application, maintenance (ventilation and dehumidification, weed removal) and the like after seedling hardening.
Wherein, the matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer (a biological power organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%) and 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer (the brand Volvo, copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, the purity is 98%).
1.5 Fertilizer water regulation
And (4) carrying out fertilizer and water regulation (early stage water promotion and later stage water control) on the rose seedlings germinating in the greenhouse, promoting vegetative growth and inhibiting reproductive growth.
Promoting water in the early stage: watering once or after soil is dry according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days;
controlling water in later period: watering when the soil is dry and the plant is slightly wilted. Soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:3:2) is added to make the final concentration reach 0.3% w/w each time watering.
1.6 light-shielding temperature control
And before budding, shading and cooling.
The shading and cooling means manually shading for 2-3 hours every day; the greenhouse temperature was reduced by 2-3 ℃ compared to the temperature after the light exposure, ventilation in step 1.4.
According to the method, the rose can be delayed from blooming to the middle 6 to the upper 7 months, and the blooming can be delayed for 20-30 days. And the basic characters of the rose flower such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the flowering duration and the like are kept unchanged (figure 1).
Comparative example
1) Variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2.
2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted.
3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm.
4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering.
5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the method, the flowering time of the rose seedlings is 5 months and 10 days to 5 months and 30 days (figure 2).
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for delaying blooming of landscape roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) variety selection
Screening out landscape rose varieties which are strong in adaptability and suitable for cultivation in local ecological environments according to local natural resource conditions;
(2) plant selection
Selecting 3-6-year-old rose seedlings, wherein each rose seedling has at least 3 branches, and the rose seedlings have developed root systems, robust plants, compact plant types and no plant diseases and insect pests;
(3) low temperature treatment
In 3, in the middle ten days of the month, when the soil is just frozen, lifting seedlings and pruning, moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings in a dormant state, transferring the rose seedlings into a refrigeration house at 0-4 ℃, performing low-temperature treatment for 40-50 days, and prolonging the dormant period;
(4) field planting maintenance
Planting the nursery stocks subjected to low-temperature treatment in a vessel with a prepared matrix for hardening in late 4-5-month ten days, and spraying water, applying fertilizer and maintaining after hardening; the matrix consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of grass peat, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container; the organic fertilizer is a biological power organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and the purity is 98%;
the seedling exercising is carried out according to the following steps: transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a container with a prepared matrix into a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 8-15 ℃, and recovering seedlings for 72 hours; then gradually exposing to light and ventilating, gradually increasing the temperature of the greenhouse to 16-24 ℃, and keeping the humidity at 65-75%;
(5) fertilizer and water regulation
After the rose seedlings germinate, regulating and controlling the fertilizer and water of the rose seedlings in the greenhouse, promoting vegetative growth and inhibiting reproductive growth;
the fertilizer water regulation and control refers to water promotion in the early stage and water control in the later stage; the early stage water-promoting specific operation comprises the following steps: watering once or after soil is dry according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days; the later stage water control refers to watering when the soil is dry and the plant is slightly wilted, and adding soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to make the final concentration reach 0.3 w/w% each time of watering; the weight ratio of the nitrogen to the phosphorus to the potassium is 5:3: 2;
(6) shading temperature control
Before budding, shading and cooling are carried out, wherein the shading and cooling means that manual shading is carried out for 2-3 hours every day; the greenhouse temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ or 3 ℃ compared with the temperature after the light exposure and ventilation in the step (4).
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the substrate occupies 2/3 of the volume of the vessel.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flowering of the rose is delayed to between 6 and 7 days of the middle of the month, the flowering is delayed for 20 to 30 days, and the basic characters of the rose flower, including the number, size, color, fragrance and flowering duration, are maintained.
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| Title |
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