CN113016485B - Method for cultivating Jiangnan pagodatree in cold area and flourishing flowers for multiple times - Google Patents
Method for cultivating Jiangnan pagodatree in cold area and flourishing flowers for multiple times Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016485B CN113016485B CN202110267751.XA CN202110267751A CN113016485B CN 113016485 B CN113016485 B CN 113016485B CN 202110267751 A CN202110267751 A CN 202110267751A CN 113016485 B CN113016485 B CN 113016485B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating sophora tonkinensis in a cold area and flourishing fresh flowers for multiple times. Over ten years, the problem of the survival of the south China locust in the north is solved by planting the acacia, pruning the drill wood, preparing the scion and grafting the scion of the south China acacia on the drill wood of the north China acacia to form the south China acacia; the problem of safe overwintering of the sophora subrufescens is solved by a method of planting corn straws and covering a black net to shield strong light insolation in winter; multiple flowering is realized by a method of pinching, and the flowering period is more than 70 days; the method for resisting the storm wind and the storm rain to impact the tree crown and prolonging the service life of the tree is realized by pruning, painting, sleeving a black net, controlling the growth of the branches to be slow and thickening the trunk. The flower of Chinese scholartree growing in subtropical environment in south can survive and bloom for many times in the cold north, the flowering period is 3 to 4 times longer than that of any local tree in the north (7 to 15 days), people are rich in new, rare, odd, special and the like, and therefore good social, ecological and economic benefits are generated, and a bright spot is added for beautifying and greening environment in cities and countryside in north China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for fresh flowers in subtropical climatic environments in the south of Yangtze river to safely overwinter in the northeast open air in the severe cold and flourishing the fresh flowers for many times in successive years.
Background
The original production place of the sophora japonica is south of the Yangtze river, belongs to subtropical climate in south, is warm in winter, has the temperature of about 5-15 ℃ in most of winter, has few subzero weather, and has the advantages of moist weather, much cloudy weather, less sunlight and small daily temperature difference. In the northeast cold regions, the plants are not only cold (generally 26 ℃ below zero and 30 ℃ in individual years) but also sunny and sunny, the sun shines all the time in the morning to the evening, the temperature can reach 2-10 ℃ above zero at noon, the temperature difference between days is large, the positive and negative temperatures are above 30 ℃ and even higher, and the difference is a direct reason that the sophora japonica in the south of the Yangtze cannot overwinter and is easy to die in winter in the north of the China. Fresh flowers in subtropical climatic environments in the south can survive in open air and land in northeast regions with severe cold snowy climates in the icebound region and bloom for many times every year, the large climatic span is cultivated to survive and the flowering period is prolonged, and the related technology does not exist all over the world at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the sophora subulata growing in the tropical climate environment of south China and subtropical China can successfully overwinter in the cold northeast and bloom in a large number of times every year, the invention provides a method for cultivating the sophora subulata in a cold area and blooming in a large number of times.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for cultivating the Jiangnan pagodatree in the cold area and flourishing fresh flowers for multiple times comprises the following steps:
1) Planting locust: sowing the seeds of the black locust in the first 5 months, cultivating strong seedlings, and transplanting and planting in autumn of the current year at the row spacing of 60-70 cm and the plant spacing of 35-45 cm;
2) Pruning the rootstock: the northern acacia can be grafted when growing to 5 months in the third year, the northern acacia to be grafted is reserved with a height of 100-200 cm from the ground, lateral branches within the height of 100-200 cm and a trunk above the height of 100-200 cm are completely cut off, the northern acacia is moved out of the field, and acacia drill is made;
3) Preparing a scion: cutting off new branches of the Maackia amurensis which are grafted and survived by the Maackia amurensis before one or two days before summer, or taking out the Maackia amurensis or the Maackia amurensis branches which are stored in a cellar in the previous year, and cutting one section of the Maackia amurensis branches at every 5-7 cm to be used as scions for grafting;
4) Grafting: grafting in summer, cutting off a small section of the upper end of a robinia pseudoacacia drill tree, cutting a fresh top flat, selecting a smooth bark surface, grafting a pinus pseudoacacia in south or a scion of the pinus pseudoacacia which is grafted to survive before, and covering the grafting part by using a thin film to form the pinus pseudoacacia;
5) Pointing: after grafting, after the first flower of the Jiangnan pagoda tree withers, timely pinching off the branch tip, and waiting for the second flower to bloom; after the second crop of sophora japonica falls off, timely pinching off the branch tips, and waiting for the third crop to flower without pinching;
6) Pruning and controlling the crown: trimming before and after the beginning of winter in 11 months of the current year of grafting, reserving a new branch for 10-20 cm, trimming the rest part, then coating white paint or tree wound healing agent or fruit tree trimming healing agent on a cut, immediately sheathing black nylon net or plastic net for shading, controlling the growth of branches, enabling the growth of tree crowns to be slow, thickening tree trunks, and enhancing the capability of the Jiangnan sophora to resist the blowing and folding of the tree crowns by stormy wind and rainstorm.
Preferably, the method comprises the step of planting corn, in the step 1), when the northern acacia is planted in autumn of the current year at a distance of 60-70 cm in row spacing and 35-45 cm in plant spacing, two rows of the northern acacia are planted, one row is reserved for planting the high-stalk strong-leaf dense-variety corn in the next year, and the plant spacing of the corn is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, the method is used for harvesting the corns in time when harvesting in autumn, and the straws are left in the field to block the light for the Jiangnan pagoda tree in winter.
Preferably, the method comprises the step of cutting the forks, a plurality of locust forks can be quickly grown on the grafted northern locust tree stocks and are timely removed, the forks are prevented from depriving water and nutrients, healing and sprouting of scions are prevented, and no locust tree forks grow on the northern locust tree stocks in the whole growth process of the Jiangnan locust trees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in China, a plurality of sophora flowers such as robinia pseudoacacia, robinia pseudoacacia and the like come from Yangtze river basin and south, but the sophora flowers are different in variety, name, characteristics, adaptability, cultivation management, utilization mode and the like. Due to the difference of the climates in the south and the north, the sophora japonica from the south cannot live through the winter in the north and is easy to die. By the method, the Maackia amurensis grown in the south can flourish beautiful flowers in the south in the northern severe cold climate environment and bring new, rare, odd and special feelings to people, thereby achieving and generating good social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit.
2. The method of the invention can bloom for many times in one year, prolongs the flowering period of the tree species by more than 70 days compared with the prior tree species, and brings the greatest appreciation feeling for people by more than 3 to 4 times compared with any local tree flowering period (7 to 15 days).
3. By the method, continuous flowering can be realized for decades, the flower can be used once and for all, the environment is beautified, and people can feel long-lasting.
4. The method of the invention artificially controls the tree crown, prolongs the service life of the tree, has obvious characteristics of strong wind resistance and severe cold resistance, and gives people a sense of invalids.
5. The method is suitable for cultivation in east, west, south and north areas, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, ridge-thin-resistant and high-temperature-resistant, and brings people with stress tolerance.
6. The method can be conveniently planted in various places such as streets, districts, villas, courtyards, parks, hospitals, office areas, units, roads, railways and green belts, and has the advantages of simple management, high survival rate and practical feeling for people.
7. Compared with the prices of hundreds of yuan or even tens of thousands of yuan of famous flowers in China and foreign flowers, the method of the invention has much lower prices and brings people with cheap feeling.
8. The method has simple and easy operation, and is high in quality and low in price.
Detailed Description
Example method for cultivating Jiangnan pagodatree in cold area and flourishing fresh flowers for multiple times
The method comprises the following steps:
1. planting locust: sowing the black locust seeds in the north in 5 months of the first year, managing the field well, and cultivating strong seedlings; planting the northern locust in autumn of the current year at the spacing of 60-70 cm in row spacing and 35-45 cm in plant spacing. Planting two rows of the acacia in the north every time, reserving one row for planting the corn in the spring of the next year.
2. Strengthening the body: the field management of the planted locust in the north is good. And planting corns 5 months in time in the next year, wherein the planting distance of the corns is 20 cm. Preferably, the high-stalk dense-leaf corn is planted. The corn and the black locust in the north are subjected to field management and topdressing together, so that the height and the sturdiness of corn plants are ensured, and the thickness of the black locust plants in the north is uniform and consistent and reaches about 2 cm of breast diameter.
3. Trimming and drilling: the northern acacia can be grafted when growing to 5 months of the third year, the northern acacia to be grafted is kept at a height of 100-200 cm from the ground, lateral branches within the height of 100-200 cm and a main trunk above 100-200 cm are all cut off, and the northern acacia is moved out of the field. The straws after harvesting the corn are cut and poured between two rows of locust trees, and the straws are rotten and used as fertilizer.
4. Preparing a scion: cutting off new branches of the living Jiangnan pagodatree which is grafted by the red flower pagodatree in the past one or two days before summer, or taking out the red flower pagodatree branches stored in a cellar in the previous year, and cutting one section of each 6 centimeters to be used as a scion for grafting.
5. Grafting: cutting off a small section at the upper end of a robinia pseudoacacia drill tree, cutting a fresh top flat, selecting a smooth bark surface, drawing a small opening from top to bottom, peeling, selecting thick robinia pseudoacacia or robinia pseudoacacia scion matched with the thickness of the drill tree, cutting a thick end into an inclined plane, removing the bark, inserting the bark along the small opening at the top of the cut drill tree and the middle part of a wooden part at a gap, immediately wrapping the fresh part without the scion by using a film without air leakage and tightening, completing grafting of the robinia pseudoacacia to the robinia pseudoacacia scion by inserting the bark, and wrapping the grafted part by using the film to form the next generation robinia pseudoacacia.
6. Making a fork: the spring is a germination stage of everything, a plurality of locust forks can quickly grow on the grafted northern locust tree stock, the locust forks need to be removed in time, the forks are prevented from depriving water and nutrients, healing and germination of scions are affected, and the northern locust tree drillwood needs to be kept without growth of the locust tree forks in the whole growth process of the southern locust tree.
7. Weeding: weeds and ridges are removed in time, and the competition of the grass, the trees and the corns for fertilizer and water is reduced.
8. Pointing: after grafting, about one month, the first time of the Jiangnan Sophora japonica blooms at the beginning of 6 months, when the first time of blossoming and withering, the branches grow by 10-20 cm, the tips of the branches (namely growing points) are timely pinched off, the second time of branches and inflorescences are quickly grown, when the second time of blossoming and withering of the Jiangnan Sophora japonica, the tips of the branches are timely pinched off, then the third time of inflorescences is grown, the last ten days of 8 months are reached after the third time of blossoming, and the tips of the branches do not need to be pinched off. Realizes the flowering of 3 crops, and flowers are bloomed twice more than the trees in the southern in situ, thereby prolonging the flowering period.
9. Harvesting corn: harvesting the corns in time in 10 months, and reserving the straws to block the light for the scholartree in south China in winter.
10. Pruning and controlling the crown: the newly grafted Jiangnan pagoda tree can grow suddenly in the first two years after seedling delay, can grow more than two meters in one year, and the crown is greatly increased, because the connector is weak, the tree can be easily blown by storm and broken in summer, so the tree must be trimmed in time before and after 11 months of the year in winter, a new branch is left 10-20 cm, the rest part is cut off, white paint or a tree wound healing agent or a fruit tree trimming healing agent is coated on the cut, then a black nylon net or a plastic net is immediately sleeved for shading, the method is used for controlling the growth of the branch, the crown is slowly grown, the trunk is thickened, and the capability of the Jiangnan pagoda tree for resisting the storm and breaking the crown is enhanced. If intercropping high-stalk corns can block light without being sleeved with a net, the transplanted single plant needs to be sleeved with a black net, so that the tree crown control is completed, strong light exposure under severe cold conditions is blocked, and the safe overwintering of the Jiangnan pagodatree is ensured.
11. Releasing the network: no matter in nursery garden or transplanting, the black nylon net or the plastic net sleeved on the trees are timely detached when the next 4 months of grain rain, the corn straws are timely cut and laid between two rows of trees, and the corn straws are rotten to be used as fertilizer in summer.
The results of comparison of the cultivated Sophora japonica Makino with other varieties of Sophora japonica Makino by the method of this example are shown in Table 1.
The method of the embodiment has the advantages that the Maackia amurensis is superior to and can replace Maackia amurensis, maackia amurensis and Maackia amurensis which are afraid of severe cold to plant and green in the north and beautify the environment, and the Maackia amurensis is superior to the Maackia amurensis and cannot achieve the purpose.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Comparison of six types of Sophora japonica and Tree
TABLE 1
Claims (1)
1. The method for cultivating the sophora japonicas in the cold area and flourishing fresh flowers for multiple times is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Planting locust: sowing seeds of the black locust in 5 months of the first year, cultivating strong seedlings, planting the black locust in the autumn of the current year at the spacing of 60-70 cm in row spacing and 35-45 cm in plant spacing, planting two rows of the black locust in each row, and reserving one row for planting high-stalk strong-leaf dense corns in the second year;
2) Strengthening the body: the field management of the planted locust in the north is well carried out, the corn with high stalk, strong leaves and dense leaves is planted in time within 5 months in the next year, the planting distance of the corn is 20 cm, the corn and the locust in the north are managed and topdressed together, the thickness of the locust in the north is uniform, and the diameter at breast is about 2 cm;
3) Pruning the rootstock: the black locust growing to 5 months of the third year can be grafted, the height of the black locust to be grafted is 100 cm from the ground, lateral branches within the height of 100 cm and trunks above the height of 100 cm are all cut off, the black locust is moved out of the field, and black locust stocks are prepared;
4) Preparing a scion: cutting off new branches of the Maackia amurensis which is grafted and survived before one or two days before summer, or taking out branches of the Maackia amurensis or the Maackia amurensis which are stored in a cellar in the previous year, and cutting one section of the branches at every 5-7 cm to be used as scions for grafting;
5) Grafting: grafting in summer, cutting off a small section of the upper end of a locust tree stock, cutting off a fresh top, selecting a smooth bark surface, grafting a sophora japonica or a sophora japonica scion by bark insertion, and tightly wrapping the grafting part with a film to form the next generation of sophora japonica;
6) Making a fork: the grafted northern acacia tree stocks can quickly grow a plurality of acacia forks, and the acacia forks are timely knocked off to prevent the forks from depriving moisture and nutrients and influencing healing and germination of scions, so that the northern acacia tree stocks are kept from growing without the acacia fork in the whole growth process of Jiangnan acacia;
7) Weeding: weeds and ridges are removed in time, and the competition of the weeds, the trees and the corns for fertilizer and water is reduced;
8) Pointing: after grafting, after the first flower of the Jiangnan pagoda tree withers, timely pinching off the branch tip, and waiting for the second flower to bloom; after the second crop of sophora japonica falls off, timely pinching off the branch tips, and waiting for the third crop to flower without pinching;
9) Harvesting corn: harvesting corns in time in 10 months, and reserving straws to block light for the Jiangnan pagoda tree in winter;
10 ) pruning, crown control: trimming before and after the beginning of winter in 11 months of the current year of grafting, reserving a new branch for 10-20 cm, trimming the rest part, then coating white paint or tree wound healing agent or fruit tree trimming healing agent on a cut, immediately sheathing a black nylon net or a plastic net for shading, controlling the growth of branches, enabling the growth of tree crowns to be slow, thickening tree trunks, and enhancing the capability of the Jiangnan pagodatree in resisting the blowing and folding of the tree crowns by stormy wind and rainstorm;
11 Web release: when the rainy day is 4 months in the next year, the black nylon net or the plastic net sleeved on the trees is timely disassembled, and the corn straws are timely cut and placed between two rows of trees to be rotten to be used as fertilizers in summer.
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