CN113973600B - Method for grafting and cultivating pecan with xylem bud by taking square bark - Google Patents
Method for grafting and cultivating pecan with xylem bud by taking square bark Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973600B CN113973600B CN202111111985.1A CN202111111985A CN113973600B CN 113973600 B CN113973600 B CN 113973600B CN 202111111985 A CN202111111985 A CN 202111111985A CN 113973600 B CN113973600 B CN 113973600B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pecan grafting cultivation method taking square bark from a pecan rootstock with a woody bud and a special rootstock, which relates to the technical field of pecan cultivation, and comprises the steps of pecan rootstock cultivation, pecan scion collection and treatment, grafting and grafting post-treatment, wherein a square bud grafting method with a woody bud is adopted, a single-edge grafting knife is used for taking an oval woody bud sheet with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 0.6-0.8 cm on the pecan scion, and the bud is positioned in the middle; peeling off cortex layers with the same size at the smooth position of the stock by using a grafting knife, and tearing off bark with the width of 1mm and the length of 3cm below the cut of the stock to be used as a wound; the bottom of the scion is inserted into the cortex of the stock, the cambium on one side is aligned, and the grafting film is used for binding the scion by exposing buds from bottom to top. By adopting different-stock grafting and taking the carya illinoensis as the stock, the method has low cost, can utilize the advantages of high growth speed and strong adaptability of the carya illinoensis, and can improve the growth vigor of grafted seedlings and the adaptability of later-stage planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to pecan cultivation technology field, in particular to a pecan cultivation method by grafting square bark with xylem bud and different stock.
Background
Rough hickory, a deciduous tree of hickory of Juglandaceae, is native to the middle of the United states and is now widely distributed. China can grow in the areas from north to south Liaoning, from south to Yunnan, guangxi and North Guangdong. The trunk is tall, big, straight, hard, long and used for making the handle of the tool, the bark is gray, longitudinally split, pinnate compound leaves, single, 5-9, 7 more, the front few are bigger, turn yellow in autumn, have very strong ornamental value. Blooming in 5 months, while the male flower is yellow green. The fruit sticks drop like catkin, the female flowers are small, the fruits are spherical, the diameter is about 5cm, four cracks exist, and the fruits can eat or extract oil. The pecan has excellent ornamental value, high-grade wood, high fruit utilization value and strong popularization value.
In the 90 s, chinese Lin academy of sciences began to introduce a pecan variety from the United states, but due to the restriction of propagation technology, large-scale popularization and application were not carried out. At present, the cultivation of the carya cathayensis is mainly seed propagation, the seeds mainly need to be imported abroad, the cost is high, the growth speed of the sowed seedlings is slow, the uniformity of the seedlings is poor, the fruiting is slow, and the quality is poor. In order to rapidly breed high-quality seedlings of Carya cathayensis Makino for cultivation and popularization, the problems of rootstocks, the survival rate of grafting and the grafting efficiency are solved at present.
The existing mode for cultivating the Rough hill walnut seedlings is to sow and propagate seedlings and graft superior varieties on the seedlings. In the prior art, the original stock is grafted in spring, the spring branch is seriously wounded, the stability is unstable, the survival rate is low, the utilization rate of branches is low, the stock seed culture needs to depend on import, and the cost is high. In the prior art, the original stock is subjected to xylem bud grafting, namely, the scion takes buds with xylem, the stock is provided with the xylem for peeling, the survival rate is extremely low, healing after grafting is poor, and stock seeds need to depend on import. The existing carya illinoensis square bud grafting technology is that a double-edged grafting knife from 8 middle of the month to 9 middle of the month takes a square bud sheet with the width of 3-4 cm and 0.8-1.2 cm on a scion, and the bud is positioned in the middle. And (3) peeling off cortex layers with the same size at the smooth part of the rootstock by using a grafting knife, and tearing off bark with the width of about 1mm and the length of about 2cm below the cut of the rootstock as a wound. The scion is stuck at the cut of the stock, cambium layers are aligned, and the scion is bound by a grafting film from bottom to top. Since the pecan cannot be peeled easily to obtain the square bud, the existing pecan square bud grafting is not suitable for reproduction of the pecan, and the existing grafting technology adopts the original stock. How to solve the problem of different-stock grafting, the existing carya illinoensis is used as a stock to graft the carya illinoensis, an improved bud grafting method is adopted, and a scion is provided with a wooden bud to carry out square bud grafting, so that the problem that the improved breeding of the improved variety of the carya illinoensis is urgently needed to be solved is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a pecan with xylem bud and hetero-anvil square bark grafting cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
carya illinoensis stock cultivation
(II) collecting and processing the scion of pecan
(III) grafting
Adopting a square bud grafting method with xylem buds, and taking an oval xylem bud sheet with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 0.6-0.8 cm on the pecan scion by using a single-edge grafting knife, wherein the bud is positioned in the middle; peeling off cortex layers with the same size at the smooth part of the rootstock by using a grafting knife, and tearing off bark with the width of 1mm and the length of 3cm below the cut of the rootstock to be used as a wound opening; inserting the bottom of the scion into a stock cortex, aligning cambium layers on one side, and wrapping by using a grafting film to expose buds from bottom to top;
and (IV) post-treatment of grafting.
The technical scheme of the invention is further defined as follows:
the grafting cultivation method of the pecan with the xylem bud and the special anvil for the square bark comprises the steps of seed collection and treatment, low-temperature seed stacking, nursery land arrangement, high-temperature germination acceleration, bud seedling transplantation and seedling management.
The grafting cultivation method of the pecan with the xylem bud and the special stock by taking the square bark comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed collection and treatment
Collecting apocarya with full seeds, full maturity and no plant diseases and insect pests from strong-growing old female trees as seeds; the seeds of the carya illinoensis picked from the trees are firstly aired and then do not need to be exposed to the sun; removing cracked, crushed and necrotic seeds, and beginning to perform seed soaking treatment when the air temperature is reduced to about 4 ℃; soaking seeds in clear water, adding carbendazim or other bactericides for sterilization, wherein the seed soaking time is 7 days, and changing water every day;
s2, low-temperature stratification of seeds
The seeds subjected to low-temperature stratification have regular germination; performing lamination treatment by using river sand, wherein the humidity is suitable for being held by hands to form a mass and being loosened after being released; selecting a cool and ventilated place, placing a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom, then placing a layer of seeds and a layer of sand with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the thickness of the uppermost layer of sand is 10cm, and the total height is not more than 1m; the temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the lamination time is 60 days; the condition of the seeds should be checked frequently during the stacking period to ensure reasonable humidity, temperature and ventilation, and the seeds are properly turned over to prevent the seeds from rotting or sprouting too early;
s3, garden arrangement
Selecting a leeward sunny land which has flat terrain, sufficient sunshine, good drainage, irrigation condition and convenient traffic as a nursery land; the soil is loose loam or sandy loam with the soil layer thickness of more than 50cm and the pH value of 5.0-7.5; spreading enough decomposed organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg/mu during land preparation, and then deeply turning over for 40-60 cm during land preparation; when the air temperature is returned to warm in spring, land leveling is carried out, sundries are removed, and furrows or ridges are made, the selection is carried out according to local weather conditions, high furrows are preferably used for draining water in rainy areas or in areas with too high underground water level, and low furrows are preferably used for irrigating in areas with less rain and drought; the seedbed is proper in size according to convenient management, 1.2-1.5 m in width and 1.2-1.5 m in length according to the terrain;
s4, high-temperature germination acceleration
In 1 late month, adopting a double-layer shed for high-temperature germination acceleration in shed facilities, using bricks as seedbeds in the shed, paving horticultural mulching films at the bottoms of the seedbeds with the height of 20cm and the width of 1.0m, firstly placing 12cm of prepared matrix, then laying a layer of laminated seeds, thoroughly watering after placing the seeds, covering 5-6 cm of matrix on the seeds, and watering after laying the matrix; a small arched shed is made on the seedbed, the seedbed is heated by sunlight, a double-layer shed is adopted for high-temperature germination acceleration, and the test is carried out once a week to ensure the humidity and the ventilation are reasonable;
s5, transplanting the bud seedlings
Transplanting the bud seedlings after the bud seedlings grow into two true leaves, and then carrying out root breaking treatment on the radicles, cutting off the extension areas of the radicles and paying attention to not drop seeds; then transplanting the bud seedlings to a field, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 25cm multiplied by 35cm, and planting the bud seedlings by using broken soil, wherein the planting depth is 2cm deeper than the original soil print;
s6, seedling management
Timely watering after the bud seedlings are transplanted, performing flood irrigation once every day for 3 days, 4-10 days and two days after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and then performing irrigation according to the moisture condition; during the growth period of the nursery stock from the bottom of 4 months to 8 months, dressing fertilizer once a month, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, spreading before rain, and spraying foliage in combination with pest control, wherein the fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 1:1, applying compound fertilizer and urea, and in the middle period, according to the proportion of 3:1, applying a compound fertilizer and urea, only applying the compound fertilizer at the later stage, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu, and stopping applying the fertilizer after the beginning of autumn; the carya illinoensis enjoys water, reasonable irrigation is carried out according to the climate and soil water capacity, and the field water capacity is ensured to be 70-80%; although the carya illinoensis is waterlogging resistant, the carya illinoensis grows slowly due to the influence of accumulated water and needs to be drained and irrigated in the field; weeding is carried out in time according to the principle of removing early, small and except.
The pecan with the xylem bud and the square bark grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps of (A) selecting a strong mother tree with a tree, cutting off the tree, cutting off leaves, covering the scion with wet cloth, placing the scion in a shade or a cold store, preserving the scion for less than 3 days, keeping the distance close, and cutting and grafting as soon as possible.
The grafting cultivation method of the diamond bark with the woody bud and the hetero-anvil of the carya cathayensis as described in the foregoing comprises the step (IV), timely heading is performed after grafting, ventilation and light transmission are kept around a grafting opening, watering is avoided as far as possible within 5 days after bud grafting, and irrigation is required if no rain falls within 5 consecutive days after bud grafting; the bud grafting does not cut the stock in the current year to form a semi-mature seedling with buds passing through the winter, and the stock is cut from the position 2cm above the grafted buds before sprouting in the next year.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) According to the method, the carya cathayensis is adopted as the stock, the hetero-stock grafting of the carya cathayensis is realized, the cost of the stock is reduced, the later-stage growth vigor of nursery stocks is increased, the grafting efficiency is improved, the utilization rate of scions is increased, and the grafting survival rate is improved, so that the fine variety breeding of the carya cathayensis is accelerated, and the industrial development speed is promoted;
(2) The method breaks through the traditional scion breeding method, the traditional spring scion method is used for grafting, the survival rate and the utilization rate of the scion are low, the requirement on the thickness of the stock is high, the thickness of the stock is required to be more than 2.0cm, the grafting survival rate can be obviously improved by using the bud grafting method, the grafting can be realized even if the diameter of the stock is 0.8-1.2 cm, the utilization rate of the scion is high, and the grafting cost is reduced;
(3) The method for grafting the pecan with the xylem bud and the square bark on the stock solves the problems that the conventional square bud grafting method is to take the square bud without the xylem on the scion and take the square bark with the same size on the stock, and the conventional square bud grafting method cannot be applied because the scion of the pecan is difficult to peel off, so that the method for grafting the pecan with the xylem bud and the square bark on the stock is realized;
(4) The grafting survival rate of the invention can reach more than 95 percent, is obviously improved by 60 percent compared with the grafting survival rate, the stock cost can be reduced by 50 percent, the growth vigor of the nursery stock is obviously increased, and the efficiency is improved by 80 percent.
Detailed Description
The method for grafting and cultivating the pecan with the xylem bud by taking the square bark comprises the following steps:
carya illinoensis stock cultivation
S1, seed collection and treatment
Collecting apocarya with full and full seeds and no diseases and insect pests from strong-growing old female trees as seeds; the seeds of the carya illinoensis picked from the trees are firstly aired and then do not need to be exposed to the sun; removing cracked, crushed and necrotic seeds, and beginning to perform seed soaking treatment when the air temperature is reduced to about 4 ℃; soaking the seeds in clear water, adding carbendazim or other bactericides for sterilization, wherein the seed soaking time is 7 days, and changing water every day;
s2, low-temperature stratification of seeds
The seeds subjected to low-temperature stratification have regular germination; performing lamination treatment by using river sand, wherein the humidity is suitable for being held by hands to form a mass and being loosened after being released; selecting a cool and ventilated place, placing a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom, then placing a layer of seeds and a layer of sand with the thickness of 5cm, wherein the thickness of the uppermost layer of sand is 10cm, and the total height is not more than 1m; the temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the lamination time is 60 days; the condition of the seeds should be checked frequently during the stacking period to ensure reasonable humidity, temperature and ventilation, and the seeds are properly turned over to prevent the seeds from rotting or sprouting too early;
s3, garden arrangement
Selecting a leeward sunny land with flat terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, irrigation conditions and convenient traffic as a nursery land; the soil is loose loam or sandy loam with the soil layer thickness of more than 50cm and the pH value of 5.0-7.5; sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer is scattered in 2000-3000 kg/mu during land preparation, and then the soil is deeply turned over for 40-60 cm (can be carried out in winter); when the air temperature is returned to warm in spring, land leveling is carried out, sundries are removed, and furrows or ridges are made, the selection is carried out according to local weather conditions, high furrows are preferably used for draining water in rainy areas or in areas with too high underground water level, and low furrows are preferably used for irrigating in areas with less rain and drought; the seedbed is proper in size according to convenient management, 1.2-1.5 m in width and 1.2-1.5 m in length according to the terrain;
s4, high-temperature germination acceleration
In late 1 month, performing high-temperature germination acceleration in a greenhouse facility by adopting a double-layer greenhouse, using bricks as a seedbed in the greenhouse, paving a gardening mulching film at the bottom of the seedbed, placing 12cm of prepared matrix, then paving a layer of laminated seeds, placing the seeds, then thoroughly watering, covering 5-6 cm of matrix on the seeds, and watering after the matrix is laid; a small arched shed is made on the seedbed, the seedbed is heated by sunlight, a double-layer shed is adopted for high-temperature germination acceleration, and the test is carried out once a week to ensure the humidity and the ventilation are reasonable;
s5, transplanting the bud seedlings
Transplanting the bud seedlings after the bud seedlings grow into two true leaves, and then carrying out root breaking treatment on the radicles, cutting off the extension areas of the radicles and paying attention to not drop seeds; then transplanting the bud seedlings to a field, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 25cm multiplied by 35cm, and planting the bud seedlings by using broken soil, wherein the planting depth is 2cm deeper than the original soil print;
s6, seedling management
Timely watering after the bud seedlings are transplanted, performing flood irrigation once every day for 3 days, 4-10 days and two days after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and then performing irrigation according to the moisture condition; during the growth period of the nursery stock from the bottom of 4 months to 8 months, dressing fertilizer once a month, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, spreading before rain, and spraying foliage in combination with pest control, wherein the fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 1:1, applying compound fertilizer and urea, and in the middle period, according to the proportion of 3:1, applying a compound fertilizer and urea, only applying the compound fertilizer in the later period, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu, and stopping applying the fertilizer after autumn comes; the carya illinoensis is pleased with water, reasonable irrigation is carried out according to climate and soil water-holding capacity, and the field water-holding capacity is ensured to be 70-80%; although the carya illinoensis is waterlogging resistant, the carya illinoensis grows slowly due to the influence of accumulated water and needs to be drained and irrigated in the field; weeding in time according to the principle of removing early, small and except;
(II) collectives of pecans with brown skin are collected and processed
Selecting branches sprouting in the current year on a robust mother tree, cutting off the branches, then cutting off leaves, covering the scions with wet cloth, placing the scions in a shade or a cold store, preserving the scions for less than 3 days at a close distance, and cutting and splicing the scions as soon as possible;
(III) grafting
Adopting a square bud grafting method with xylem buds, and taking an oval xylem bud sheet with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 0.6-0.8 cm on the pecan scion by using a single-edge grafting knife, wherein the bud is positioned in the middle; peeling off cortex layers with the same size at the smooth position of the stock by using a grafting knife, and tearing off bark with the width of 1mm and the length of 3cm below the cut of the stock to be used as a wound; inserting the bottom of the scion into a stock cortex, aligning cambium layers on one side, and binding the scion with a grafting film by exposing buds from bottom to top;
(IV) post-treatment of grafting
Timely heading is performed after grafting, ventilation and light transmission around a grafting opening are kept, watering is not performed as much as possible within 5 days after budding, and irrigation is required if no rain falls for 5 consecutive days after budding; the bud grafting does not cut the stock in the current year to form a semi-mature seedling with buds passing the winter, and the stock is cut from the position 2cm above the grafted buds before the germination in the next year.
The following are examples of the present invention and applications of the currently common grafting methods:
| grafting method | Grafting time | Number of grafted plants | The survival rate is high | Multiple of cost (without survival rate influence) | Thickness cm 2 years after grafting | Height cm 2 years after grafting |
| Spring branch grafting | 2018.4.18 | 200 | 23% | 1.6 | 2.6 | 63 |
| Bud grafting with xylem | 2018.8.16 | 200 | 9% | 1.3 | 2.0 | 48 |
| Bud grafting method for peeling off bud with xylem bud | 2018.8.16 | 200 | 92% | 1 | 3.2 | 96 |
Therefore, after the method is applied to grafting cultivation of the Carya cathayensis Makino, the grafting survival rate of the Carya cathayensis Makino is remarkably improved, the grafted nursery stock has remarkable advantages in thickness and height after growing for a period of time, and meanwhile, the cost can be reduced.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A pecan with xylem bud and different stock square bark grafting cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
carya illinoensis stock cultivation
The method comprises the steps of seed collection and treatment, low-temperature seed stratification, nursery land arrangement, high-temperature germination acceleration, bud seedling transplantation and seedling stage management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, seed collection and treatment
Collecting apocarya with full and full seeds and no diseases and insect pests from strong-growing old female trees as seeds; the seeds of apocarya picked from the tree are firstly aired and do not need to be exposed to the sun; removing cracked, crushed and necrotic seeds, and beginning to perform seed soaking treatment when the air temperature is reduced to about 4 ℃; soaking seeds in clear water, adding carbendazim or other bactericides for sterilization, wherein the seed soaking time is 7 days, and changing water every day;
s2, low-temperature stratification of seeds
The seeds subjected to low-temperature stratification have regular germination; performing lamination treatment by using river sand, wherein the humidity is suitable for being held by hands to form a mass and being loosened after being released; selecting a cool and ventilated place, placing a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom, then placing a layer of seed and a layer of sand, wherein the thickness of the sand is 5cm, the thickness of the uppermost layer of sand is 10cm, and the total height is not more than 1m; the temperature is 4-10 ℃, and the lamination time is 60 days; the condition of the seeds should be checked frequently during the stacking period to ensure reasonable humidity, temperature and ventilation, and the seeds are properly turned over to prevent the seeds from rotting or sprouting too early;
s3, garden arrangement
Selecting a leeward sunny land with flat terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, irrigation conditions and convenient traffic as a nursery land; the soil is loose, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 50cm, and the pH value is 5.0-7.5 loam; spreading enough decomposed organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg/mu during land preparation, and then deeply turning over for 40-60 cm during land preparation; when the air temperature is warmed up again in spring, land leveling is carried out, sundries are removed, bed making or ridge making is carried out, selection is carried out according to local weather and climate conditions, high beds are suitable for being used in rainy areas or areas with too high underground water level, drainage is facilitated, low beds are suitable for being used in areas with less rain and drought, and irrigation is facilitated; the seedbed is proper in size according to convenient management, 1.2-1.5 m in width and 1.2-1.5 m in length according to the terrain;
s4, high-temperature germination acceleration
In late 1 month, performing high-temperature germination acceleration in a greenhouse facility by adopting a double-layer greenhouse, using bricks as a seedbed in the greenhouse, paving a gardening mulching film at the bottom of the seedbed, placing 12cm of prepared matrix, then paving a layer of laminated seeds, placing the seeds, then thoroughly watering, covering 5-6 cm of matrix on the seeds, and watering after the matrix is laid; a small arched shed is made on the seedbed, the seedbed is heated by sunlight, a double-layer shed is adopted for high-temperature germination acceleration, and the test is carried out once a week to ensure the humidity and the ventilation are reasonable;
s5, transplanting bud seedlings
Transplanting the bud seedlings after the bud seedlings grow two true leaves, performing root breaking treatment on the radicles at the moment, cutting off the extension area of the radicles, and paying attention to not dropping seeds; then transplanting the bud seedlings to a field, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 25cm multiplied by 35cm, and planting the bud seedlings by using broken soil, wherein the planting depth is 2cm deeper than the original soil print;
s6, seedling management
Timely watering after the bud seedlings are transplanted, performing flood irrigation once every day for 3 days, 4-10 days and two days after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and then performing irrigation according to the moisture condition; during the growth period of the nursery stock from the bottom of 4 months to 8 months, dressing fertilizer once a month, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer before rain, or spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces in combination with pest control, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage is 1:1, applying compound fertilizer and urea, and in the middle period, according to the proportion of 3:1, applying a compound fertilizer and urea, only applying the compound fertilizer at the later stage, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu, and stopping applying the fertilizer after the beginning of autumn; the carya illinoensis enjoys water, reasonable irrigation is carried out according to the climate and soil water capacity, and the field water capacity is ensured to be 70-80%; although the carya illinoensis is waterlogging resistant, the carya illinoensis grows slowly due to the influence of accumulated water and needs to be drained and irrigated in the field; weeding in time according to the principle of removing early, small and except;
(II) collectives of pecans with brown skin are collected and processed
(III) grafting
Adopting a square bud grafting method with xylem buds, and taking an oval xylem bud sheet with the length of 3-4 cm and the width of 0.6-0.8 cm on the pecan scion by using a single-edge grafting knife, wherein the bud is positioned in the middle; peeling off cortex layers with the same size at the smooth position of the stock by using a grafting knife, and tearing off bark with the width of 1mm and the length of 3cm below the cut of the stock to be used as a wound; inserting the bottom of the scion into a stock cortex, aligning cambium layers on one side, and binding the scion with a grafting film by exposing buds from bottom to top;
and (IV) post-grafting treatment.
2. The pecan with xylem bud and square bark grafting cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (II) selecting branches sprouting in the current year on a strong female tree, cutting off the branches, then cutting off leaves, covering the scions with wet cloth, placing the scions in a shade or a cold store, preserving the scions for less than 3 days at a close distance, and cutting and grafting the scions as soon as possible.
3. The pecan grafting cultivation method by taking square bark with xylem bud and different stock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: timely heading is performed after grafting, ventilation and light transmission around a grafting opening are kept, watering is not performed as much as possible within 5 days after budding, and irrigation is required if rain does not occur for 5 consecutive days after budding; the bud grafting does not cut the stock in the current year to form a semi-mature seedling with buds passing the winter, and the stock is cut from the position 2cm above the grafted buds before the germination in the next year.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103026905A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 贵州大学 | Method for high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode |
| CN105580700A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-05-18 | 王春晓 | Apocarya spring sowing seedling culture method |
| CN106034910A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Method for culturing seedlings of carya illinoensis |
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2021
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103026905A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 贵州大学 | Method for high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode |
| CN105580700A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-05-18 | 王春晓 | Apocarya spring sowing seedling culture method |
| CN106034910A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Method for culturing seedlings of carya illinoensis |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 糙皮山核桃在济宁地区的引种初报;李国栋等;《林业科技通讯》;20200415(第04期);第70-72页 * |
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