CN110731219B - Cultivation method for early blooming of landscape roses - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for early blooming of landscape roses. The method comprises the following steps: (1) screening out suitable varieties according to local natural resource conditions; (2) in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, lifting seedlings; (3) pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the nursery stock; (4) treating the pruned rose seedlings at low temperature for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance; (5) transferring the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment to a greenhouse for hardening off the seedling at the end of 12 months or at the beginning of 1 month of the bamboo hat, and releasing dormancy; (6) regulating and controlling fertilizer and water: the fertilizer and water are promoted, and the growth and development of plants are promoted; (7) and (5) warming and supplementing light. According to the method, the rose can bloom early to 3-4 late months, the rose can bloom early for 30-75 days, and the basic characteristics such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the flowering duration and the like of the rose flower are kept unchanged. The aim of freely blooming is achieved, and the technical problem that the flowering plants in the northern area are few in variety in winter is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rose cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for early blooming of landscape roses. Belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation.
Background
The rose is shrub of Rosaceae. The roses have the properties of cold resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and the flower buds are fragrant, so the roses are favored by palace noble people in the early Tang period and are planted as ornamental plants.
At present, the bitter rose, the rose with heavy petals, the rose with syncope, the rose with plump flowers, the rose with purple branches, the rose in lotus and the rose in Damascus introduced abroad are mainly cultivated in Beijing Miaokushan, Gansu Yongden, Shandong Pingyin, Xinjiang Hotan, Shanxi Weinan, Shandong Heze and other places in China. The flowering time of the roses is closely related to the variety, planting region, climate and other ecological environments of the roses. The flowering time of roses in Beijing area is generally from 5 to 5 ten days of the first month.
At present, the cultivation method of landscape roses mainly comprises the following steps: 1) variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2. 2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted. 3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm. 4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering. 5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the method, the potted landscape roses in the Beijing area usually bloom in 5-15-5-30 days. Therefore, the rose has a short flowering phase, and cannot meet the demand of people for roses in other times (particularly in winter). Therefore, how to advance the flowering time of the roses is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved by rose growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cultivation method for enabling roses to bloom in advance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
the invention relates to a cultivation method for enabling roses to bloom in advance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection
Screening out landscape rose varieties which have strong adaptability and are suitable for being cultivated in local ecological environment according to local natural resource conditions;
(2) lifting seedlings
In the middle and last ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen and after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests;
(3) pruning
Pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches and broken roots of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and enabling the pruned branches to be 15-25 cm long;
(4) facilitating dormancy
Moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance;
(5) pot culture dormancy relieving method
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or in the beginning of 1 month of a bamboo hat, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse, hardening the seedling, raising the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy;
(6) fertilizer and water regulation
The rose seedlings with the germinated branches in the greenhouse are subjected to fertilizer and water promotion, so that the growth and development of plants are promoted;
(7) warming and light supplementing
Before budding, the temperature and light are increased, and the humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of air is over 70 percent.
Preferably, in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
Preferably, in the step (5), the matrix consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container, preferably 2/3.
Wherein, preferably, the organic fertilizer is a biological power organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and has a purity of 98%.
Preferably, in the step (5), the seedling exercising is performed according to the following steps: and (3) transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix into a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the seedlings for 72 hours, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for hardening the seedlings for 10 days.
Preferably, in the step (6), the specific operation of fertilizer and water regulation and control is as follows: watering once according to soil humidity for 5-7 days, and adding soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to make its final concentration reach 0.3 w/w%.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is preferably 5:3: 2.
Preferably, in the step (7), the warming and light supplementing refers to artificial light supplementing for 3-4 hours every day; the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃.
Preferably, the rose blooms earlier than 3 to 4 days in the middle of the month according to the cultivation method and blooms earlier by 30 to 75 days.
In order to realize early flowering of roses, the invention mainly adopts the following special technical means:
1. low temperature treatment
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial low-temperature treatment, but the rose seedlings need to be moisturized and refrigerated at low temperature for 30-45 days for early flowering cultivation so as to promote dormancy.
2. Pot culture dormancy relieving method
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial temperature rise to release dormancy, but early flowering culture needs transplanting of pot culture seedlings processed at low temperature in a greenhouse for hardening seedlings to release dormancy.
3. Time of potting
The traditional landscape roses are potted in the middle and last ten days of 11 months generally, seedlings are lifted and trimmed for direct potting, and the traditional landscape roses are potted at the end of 12 months in early flowering and potting time.
4. Warming and light supplementing
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need temperature increase and light supplement generally, and the temperature increase and light supplement is needed before the flower and pot culture bloom appears.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the rose can bloom early to 3-4 late months, the rose can bloom early for 30-75 days, and the basic characters such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the flowering duration and the like of the rose flower are kept unchanged. The aim of freely blooming is achieved, and the technical problem that the flowering plants in the northern area are few in variety in winter is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the early flowering of Fenghuai No. 1 rose (4 months and 8 days 2018);
FIG. 2 shows the early flowering of Fenghua No. 2 rose (4/6 in 2017).
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1 cultivation method for promoting rose blossoming
1.1 variety selection
According to the natural resource conditions of Beijing area, landscape rose varieties Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 which have strong adaptability and are suitable for early potting are screened out.
1.2 lifting the seedlings
In the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests, and the like.
1.3 pruning
Pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and pruning the reserved branches to be 15-25 cm long.
1.4 facilitating dormancy
And (3) moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance.
1.5 dormancy breaking of potted plants
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or beginning of 1 month in a bamboo hat, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse to be protected from wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the nursery stock for 72 hours, controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ and hardening the nursery stock for 10 days, then increasing the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy.
Wherein, the matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer (a biological power organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%) and 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer (the brand Volvo, copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, the purity is 98%).
1.6 Fertilizer water regulation
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out fertilizer and water promotion on germinated rose seedlings in a greenhouse, and specifically: and (3) watering once according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days, and adding a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:3:2) soluble fertilizer into the soil each time so that the final concentration of the fertilizer reaches 0.3% w/w to promote the growth and development of plants.
1.7 warming and light supplementing
Before budding, warming and supplementing light, and supplementing light manually for 3-4 hours every day; the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃, and the humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of the air is over 70 percent.
According to the method, the flower blooms in early 3 to 4 months after being cultivated in a greenhouse for about 70 to 80 days. FIG. 1 shows the early flowering of Fenghuai No. 1 rose (4 months and 8 days 2018); FIG. 2 shows the early flowering of Fenghua No. 2 rose (4/6 in 2017).
Conventional cultivation method of comparative example rose
1) Variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2.
2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted.
3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm.
4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering.
5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the conventional method, the flowering time of the rose seedlings is 5 months, 10 days to 5 months, 30 days.
Claims (4)
1. The cultivation method for the landscape roses to bloom in advance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) variety selection
Screening out landscape rose varieties which have strong adaptability and are suitable for being cultivated in local ecological environment according to local natural resource conditions;
(2) lifting seedlings
In the middle and last ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen and after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests;
(3) pruning
Pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches and broken roots of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and enabling the pruned branches to be 15-25 cm long;
(4) facilitating dormancy
Moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance;
(5) pot culture dormancy relieving method
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a pottery pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or in the beginning of 1 month in the next year, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse, hardening the nursery stock, raising the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy; the matrix consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of grass peat, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container; the organic fertilizer is a biological power organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and the purity is 98%;
the seedling exercising is carried out according to the following steps: planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the seedling for 72 hours, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for hardening the seedling for 10 days;
(6) fertilizer and water regulation
The rose seedlings with the germinated branches in the greenhouse are subjected to fertilizer and water promotion, so that the growth and development of plants are promoted; the specific operation is as follows: watering once according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days, and adding soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to make the final concentration reach 0.3 w/w%; the weight ratio of the nitrogen to the phosphorus to the potassium is 5:3: 2;
(7) warming and light supplementing
Before budding, heating and supplementing light are carried out, artificial light supplementing is carried out for 3-4 hours every day, the temperature of a greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃, and humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of air is over 70%.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the substrate occupies 2/3 of the volume of the vessel.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rose blooms earlier than 3 to 4 months, and blooms earlier than 30 to 75 days.
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