CN110731219A - Cultivation method for landscape roses to bloom early - Google Patents
Cultivation method for landscape roses to bloom early Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731219A CN110731219A CN201810805885.0A CN201810805885A CN110731219A CN 110731219 A CN110731219 A CN 110731219A CN 201810805885 A CN201810805885 A CN 201810805885A CN 110731219 A CN110731219 A CN 110731219A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000109329 Rosa xanthina Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for landscape roses to bloom early, which comprises the following steps of (1) screening suitable varieties according to local natural resource conditions, (2) taking seedlings in the middle and the lower ten days of 11 months, (3) trimming old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, (4) carrying out low-temperature treatment on the trimmed rose seedlings for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance, (5) moving the seedlings after the low-temperature treatment into a greenhouse for hardening seedlings and removing the dormancy, (6) regulating and controlling rich water to promote fertilizer and water and promote plant growth and development, (7) increasing temperature and supplementing light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of roses, in particular to a cultivation method for early flowering of landscape roses, belonging to the technical field of flower cultivation.
Background
The rose is shrub of Rosaceae. The roses have the properties of cold resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and the flower buds are fragrant, so the roses are favored by palace noble people in the early Tang period and are planted as ornamental plants.
At present, the bitter rose, the rose with heavy petals, the rose with syncope, the rose with rich flowers, the rose with purple branches, the rose with lotus and the rose imported from abroad are mainly cultivated in Beijing Miaokushan, Gansu Yongden, Shandong Pingyin, Xinjiang Hotan, Shanxi Weinan, Shandong Yize and other places in China, the flowering time of the rose is closely related to the ecological environment such as the variety, the planting region, the climate and the like of the rose, and the flowering time of the rose in the Beijing area is from ten days of 5 months to ten days of 5 months.
At present, the cultivation method of landscape roses mainly comprises the following steps: 1) variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2. 2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted. 3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm. 4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering. 5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the method, the potted landscape roses in Beijing area bloom in 15-30 days in 5 months, so that the flowering phase of the roses is short, and the requirement of people for the roses in other time (particularly in winter) cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide cultivation methods for advancing flowering of roses.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
the cultivation methods for promoting roses to bloom early comprise the following steps:
(1) variety selection
Screening out landscape rose varieties which have strong adaptability and are suitable for being cultivated in local ecological environment according to local natural resource conditions;
(2) lifting seedlings
In the middle and last ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen and after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests;
(3) pruning
Pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches and broken roots of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and enabling the pruned branches to be 15-25 cm long;
(4) facilitating dormancy
Moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance;
(5) pot culture dormancy relieving method
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or in the beginning of 1 month of a bamboo hat, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse, hardening the seedling, raising the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy;
(6) fertilizer and water regulation
The rose seedlings with the germinated branches in the greenhouse are subjected to fertilizer and water promotion, so that the growth and development of plants are promoted;
(7) warming and light supplementing
Before budding, the temperature and light are increased, and the humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of air is over 70 percent.
Preferably, in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
Preferably, in the step (5), the matrix consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container, preferably 2/3.
Wherein, preferably, the organic fertilizer is a biological power organic fertilizer, and the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and has a purity of 98%.
Preferably, in the step (5), the seedling exercising is performed according to the following steps: and (3) transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix into a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the seedlings for 72 hours, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for hardening the seedlings for 10 days.
Wherein, preferably, in the step (6), the concrete operation of fertilizer and water regulation and control is that the soil is watered for times in 5-7 days according to the soil humidity, and soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is added during each watering, so that the final concentration reaches 0.3 w/w%.
Wherein, the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is preferably 5:3: 2.
Preferably, in the step (7), the warming and light supplementing refers to artificial light supplementing for 3-4 hours every day; the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃.
Preferably, the rose blooms earlier than 3 to 4 days in the middle of the month according to the cultivation method and blooms earlier by 30 to 75 days.
In order to realize early flowering of roses, the invention mainly adopts the following special technical means:
1. low temperature treatment
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial low-temperature treatment, but the rose seedlings need to be moisturized and refrigerated at low temperature for 30-45 days for early flowering cultivation so as to promote dormancy.
2. Pot culture dormancy relieving method
The traditional landscape rose pot culture does not need artificial temperature rise to release dormancy, but early flowering culture needs transplanting of pot culture seedlings processed at low temperature in a greenhouse for hardening seedlings to release dormancy.
3. Time of potting
The traditional landscape rose potting time is 11 middle and last ten days, seedling is started, trimmed and potted directly, and the potted is potted at the end of 12 months before the flowering and potting time.
4. Warming and light supplementing
The traditional landscape rose pot plant does not need to be warmed and supplemented with light, and the warming and supplemented with light are needed before the flower and the pot plant appear buds in advance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the rose can bloom early to 3-4 late months, the rose can bloom early for 30-75 days, and the basic characters such as the number, the size, the color, the fragrance, the flowering duration and the like of the rose flower are kept unchanged. The aim of freely blooming is achieved, and the technical problem that the flowering plants in the northern area are few in variety in winter is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the early flowering of Fenghuai No. 1 rose (4 months and 8 days 2018);
FIG. 2 shows the early flowering of Fenghua No. 2 rose (4/6 in 2017).
Detailed Description
While the invention will be described in further with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the description, but these embodiments are only exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 cultivation method for promoting rose blossoming
1.1 variety selection
According to the natural resource conditions of Beijing area, landscape rose varieties Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 which have strong adaptability and are suitable for early potting are screened out.
1.2 lifting the seedlings
In the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests, and the like.
1.3 pruning
Pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and pruning the reserved branches to be 15-25 cm long.
1.4 facilitating dormancy
And (3) moisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance.
1.5 dormancy breaking of potted plants
Planting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or beginning of 1 month in a bamboo hat, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse to be protected from wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the nursery stock for 72 hours, controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ and hardening the nursery stock for 10 days, then increasing the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy.
Wherein, the matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer (a biological power organic fertilizer, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%) and 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer (the brand Volvo, copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, the purity is 98%).
1.6 Fertilizer water regulation
The method comprises the specific steps of watering times according to the soil humidity for 5-7 days, and adding soluble fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:3:2) when watering each time to enable the final concentration of the soluble fertilizers to reach 0.3% w/w so as to promote the growth and development of plants.
1.7 warming and light supplementing
Before budding, warming and supplementing light, and supplementing light manually for 3-4 hours every day; the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃, and the humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of the air is over 70 percent.
According to the method, the flower blooms in early 3 to 4 months after being cultivated in a greenhouse for about 70 to 80 days. FIG. 1 shows the early flowering of Fenghuai No. 1 rose (4 months and 8 days 2018); FIG. 2 shows the early flowering of Fenghua No. 2 rose (4/6 in 2017).
Conventional cultivation method of comparative example rose
1) Variety selection: selecting varieties with good resistance and adaptability, such as Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2.
2) Lifting seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen, after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are grown for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3-6 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types, no plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and then the seedlings are lifted.
3) Trimming: pruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches, broken roots and the like of the seedlings, and reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, wherein the length of each branch is 15-25 cm.
4) Potting: planting the trimmed nursery stock in a pot, transplanting the nursery stock in a place sheltering from wind and facing the sun, and watering.
5) Management: and performing water fertilizer, pest control management and the like in 3 months in the bamboo hat year.
According to the conventional method, the flowering time of the rose seedlings is 5 months, 10 days to 5 months, 30 days.
Claims (9)
- The cultivation method for the early blooming of landscape roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:(1) variety selectionScreening out landscape rose varieties which have strong adaptability and are suitable for being cultivated in local ecological environment according to local natural resource conditions;(2) lifting seedlingsIn the middle and last ten days of 11 months, before the soil is frozen and after the seedlings fall off leaves, the seedlings are selected to grow for 3-6 years, each plant has at least 3 branches, developed root systems, strong plants, compact plant types and no diseases and insect pests;(3) pruningPruning old branches, dead branches, diseased branches and broken roots of the seedlings, reserving 3-6 robust branches for each plant, and enabling the pruned branches to be 15-25 cm long;(4) facilitating dormancyMoisturizing and packaging the pruned rose seedlings, transferring the rose seedlings into a 0-4 ℃ refrigeration house, and carrying out low-temperature treatment for 30-45 days to promote the seedlings to enter a dormant state in advance;(5) pot culture dormancy relieving methodPlanting the nursery stock after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix at the end of 12 months or in the beginning of 1 month of a bamboo hat, transplanting the nursery stock in a greenhouse, hardening the seedling, raising the temperature of the greenhouse to 20-25 ℃ to enable the nursery stock to grow for 30 days, and keeping the humidity at 65-75% to release dormancy;(6) fertilizer and water regulationThe rose seedlings with the germinated branches in the greenhouse are subjected to fertilizer and water promotion, so that the growth and development of plants are promoted;(7) warming and light supplementingBefore budding, the temperature and light are increased, and the humidity is increased, so that the relative humidity of air is over 70 percent.
- 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the rose varieties are Fenghua No. 1 and Fenghua No. 2 in Beijing area.
- 3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the substrate is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of garden soil, 30% of turf, 15% of perlite, 4% of organic fertilizer, 1% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and 1/2-4/5% of the volume of the container, preferably 2/3.
- 4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer is a biodynamic organic fertilizer, and the organic matter content is not less than 45%; the water-soluble fertilizer contains copper, iron, boron, zinc and calcium, and has a purity of 98%.
- 5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the hardening-seedling is performed according to the following steps: and (3) transplanting the seedlings after low-temperature treatment in a ceramic pot with a prepared matrix into a greenhouse, keeping out wind and light, controlling the temperature at 6-10 ℃, slowing the seedlings for 72 hours, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for hardening the seedlings for 10 days.
- 6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), the fertilizer and water are regulated and controlled by times of watering depending on the soil humidity for 5-7 days, and soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is added to make the final concentration reach 0.3 w/w%.
- 7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:3: 2.
- 8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the warming and light supplementing refers to supplementing light artificially for 3-4 hours each day; the temperature of the greenhouse is increased to 16-24 ℃.
- 9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rose blooms earlier than 3 to 4 months, and blooms earlier than 30 to 75 days.
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| CN201810805885.0A CN110731219B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Cultivation method for early blooming of landscape roses |
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| CN201810805885.0A CN110731219B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Cultivation method for early blooming of landscape roses |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113068475A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-06 | 辽宁省经济林研究所 | Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111084105A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-01 | 上海杉一植物科技有限公司 | Low-temperature preservation and seedling raising method for ulmus pumila tissue culture rooted seedlings |
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| CN113068475A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-06 | 辽宁省经济林研究所 | Seedling raising method for shortening hazelnut cross breeding period |
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