CN114208618A - Method for improving peony propagation efficiency by promoting cultivation in two seasons in one year - Google Patents
Method for improving peony propagation efficiency by promoting cultivation in two seasons in one year Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony by promoting cultivation in two seasons in one year, which adopts methods such as flowerpot cultivation, low-temperature treatment, greenhouse cultivation management and the like to realize the standard high-efficiency production of Chinese herbaceous peony seedlings by promoting cultivation in two seasons in one year, accelerating propagation and intensive fine management, and solves the bottleneck problem of low breeding efficiency which hinders the development of Chinese herbaceous peony industry; the method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, practicability, low cost, short breeding period, high success rate and the like, greatly improves the breeding efficiency of the Chinese herbaceous peony, lays a foundation for high-magnification propagation of the Chinese herbaceous peony and rapid large-area popularization and application of new varieties, and promotes the industrial development of the Chinese herbaceous peony.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peony propagation, and particularly relates to a method for improving peony propagation efficiency by promoting cultivation for two seasons in one year.
Background
The Chinese herbaceous peony is also called as a detached plant, a residual volume plant, a red drug, the white peony root, the Hangzhou peony, the white peony and the like, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Chinese herbaceous peony of the Paeoniaceae, has large and beautiful flowers, has the effects of calming liver yang, astringing yin and nourishing blood, and absorbing sweat and relieving middle warmer after being applied to roots, is a traditional medicinal plant, a garden ornamental plant and a newly-developed cut flower plant, has strong adaptability to the Chinese herbaceous peony, can overwinter on open lands in cold northern areas, and has wide market prospect. The ornamental peony variety can not keep the ornamental character by sowing and breeding, the production generally adopts the division breeding, but the peony division breeding efficiency is low, the breeding coefficient is low, particularly, the period of hybridization, selection, breeding and approval of the new variety of the peony is usually more than 10 years, the popularization and application in breeding and production are usually more than 20 years, and the requirements of modern large production and constantly rapidly increasing flower markets at home and abroad are difficult to adapt to and meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony by accelerating cultivation in two seasons in one year, which can solve the problems of too short suitable time for the division and breeding of the traditional Chinese herbaceous peony, low breeding coefficient and the like, and adopts the accelerating cultivation technology in two seasons in one year, so that the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony is improved, and the period of variety breeding and popularization is shortened. By applying the method, the breeding period of the new variety can be shortened to 5-6 years.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony by forcing culture in two seasons in one year comprises the following steps:
first season propagation
Step one, flowerpot cultivation:
1) selecting flowerpots with the basin diameter of more than 30 centimeters and the depth of more than 50 centimeters before and after 8 months and 10 days; selecting strong-growth and healthy peony plants for division, generally dividing 2-3 buds into one strain, removing rotten roots, leaving 10-15 cm long nutritive roots, drying in the shade for about 1 h, and planting the peony divided plants in flowerpots;
2) soaking the root system of the peony into the treatment solution for 10-2O minutes before potting, covering soil to 1 cm higher than the buds when potting, planting the peony in the pot, watering thoroughly, optimally watering with bud micro dew, and covering with 2-3cm of dry soil;
3) after the pot soil is treated, grub harm is prevented and killed;
step two, low-temperature treatment:
20-9-10 days in 8-9 months, placing the potted peony plants planted in the plants in the step one together with flowerpots in a cold storage at a low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for more than 30 days;
step three, greenhouse cultivation management:
1) placing the potted plants with the flowerpots in a greenhouse at 10-25 ℃ for cultivation for about 150 days from 9 months to 11 months and 10 days from 2 months; the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is about 15-25 ℃, and the air humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining air release, so that the condition that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days is avoided, and the hazards of powdery mildew and gray mold are easily caused;
2) watering 1 time per week for the first 4 weeks to facilitate the plant to rapidly recover growth, continuously spraying 50ppm gibberellin for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once in the early morning and evening each day;
3) in 5-17 weeks, watering 500-1000 ml per pot every week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
4) spraying 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide liquid for three times in 8-17 weeks, and timely removing after buds appear, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
5) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, once per week, inhibiting the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony and promoting defoliation; no longer watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
6) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day;
(II) second-season propagation
Step four, low-temperature treatment:
2, 11-3, 13 days in 2 months, and transferring the peony planted according to the step one into a cold storage at a low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for over 30 days;
step five, cultivation management:
1) 3, 14-4, 10 days, transplanting the planted peony with a flowerpot into a greenhouse of 10-25 ℃ for cultivation, wherein the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature at daytime is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining ventilation, so that the situation that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days and the hazard of powdery mildew and gray mold is easily caused is avoided;
2) 4, 11-8, 19 days, and cultivating in the open field in China, south China and east China; in northwest and northeast regions, a sunlight greenhouse is adopted in combination with local air temperature, and the environment temperature is ensured to be about 15-25 ℃;
3) in the first 4 weeks, watering for 1 time per week to facilitate the rapid growth recovery of plants; spraying gibberellin of 50ppm continuously for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once every morning and evening;
4) in 5-17 weeks, watering 500-1000 ml per pot every week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
5) spraying 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide solution for three times in 8-17 weeks; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
6) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, wherein the paclobutrazol solution is sprayed once a week to inhibit the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony, promote fallen leaves and avoid watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
7) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and the light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day.
Before potting in the first step, the root system of the peony is soaked in 500 times of 50% mancozeb and 800 times of 75% carbendazim solution.
The method for processing the pot soil in the first step comprises the following steps: mixing loam and turfy soil at a ratio of 1:1, adding 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter, and mixing 2 kg of 5% of toxicant granules or 5% of phoxim granules.
In the fifth cultivation management, the planted peony flower pot can be transported to subtropical areas of Hainan province for cultivation in 3-8-19 days, and cultivation is facilitated in China-Hainan cross areas in one year and two seasons.
The method for processing the pot soil in the first step comprises the following steps: mixing loam and turfy soil at a ratio of 1:1, adding 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter, and mixing 2 kg of 5% of toxicant granules or 5% of phoxim granules. The peony has wider adaptability and is not strict in soil requirement, but high-efficiency cultivation is realized, fertile pot soil is selected as far as possible, and farmyard manure such as decomposed chicken manure is applied as base fertilizer; the underground pests of the peony are mainly grubs, which harm roots and peony buds and seriously affect the survival rate of peony plants, and 5 percent of toxicant granules or 5 percent of phoxim granules are mixed into pot soil during fertilization, so that the grubs can be prevented from being killed, and the effect is good.
In the first step and the fourth step, the branch propagation time of the first-season propagation is selected from the time when the temperature begins to fall in autumn and the growth period of the Chinese herbaceous peony enters the withered and yellow leaf period, the root bud differentiation is not completed too early, the Chinese herbaceous peony does not sprout, the nutrients are not stored sufficiently, the too late temperature fall is not beneficial to the generation of new Chinese herbaceous peony roots, and the growth of the second year is influenced; and step four, breeding in the second season, wherein under normal conditions, the division of the Chinese herbaceous peony generally needs to be carried out in autumn, the division survival rate in spring is not high, the growth vigor is not vigorous, the seedling culture time of the Chinese herbaceous peony is advanced to about 2 months, the temperature is low, the growth and development of the Chinese herbaceous peony seedlings cannot leave the environment, the dominant factors in the environment are mainly temperature and illumination, the forcing culture is to artificially utilize various measures, change the temperature and illumination, so that the internal physiological activities of the plants in the dormancy stage are changed from synthesis to decomposition, and necessary nutrition and various enzyme substances are provided for the Chinese herbaceous peony to enter the growth and development in advance. In cold seasons, the whole growth and development process of the peony seedlings is in a protective facility, and the cultivation mode of advancing or shortening the cultivation period is achieved. The forcing culture adopts the conventional method for seedling culture, is carried out under natural conditions, does not need complex equipment, and is simple and convenient.
In the first step, the soil is covered with water 1 cm higher than the buds when the Chinese herbaceous peony is put into a pot, the Chinese herbaceous peony is planted in the pot, the water is thoroughly watered, and the bud dew is most suitable after the water is watered; covering with dry soil of 2-3cm, wherein the top of the bud is slightly lower than the ground by about 2-3cm during planting, and preventing the influence of the moisture of the bud by low-temperature dry cold air blowing in a cold storage on the growth of the next stage.
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out root growth on Chinese herbaceous peony by using a flowerpot as a container, wherein the flowerpot is convenient to transport, the root growth is carried out from a cold storage to a greenhouse and open field without transplanting, the root system of the Chinese herbaceous peony is damaged in the transplanting process so that nutrition is consumed, the Chinese herbaceous peony needs to germinate fibrous roots again in the transplanting process, the seedling reviving time is prolonged, and the propagation efficiency is reduced. The use is also suitable for factory production and large-scale production, and the cold treatment stage at the early stage is convenient for containerization and entering a refrigeration house for treatment; the flowerpot cultivation is adopted to facilitate the unified management, the same production mode which accords with the production standard is adopted in the same production base, the same seedling standard is adopted, the same seedling production technology, packaging, transportation, storage, marking, inspection method and the like are adopted, and the same management standard is adopted to produce the peony high-quality variety seedlings which accord with the standard in the same environment which is favorable for the growth of the seedlings, such as a greenhouse, a storehouse and a phytotron; the method has the advantages of high efficiency, saving, realization of intensive management, full use of land resources, exertion of the maximum benefit, and increase of yield and benefit of the peony seedlings by applying advanced agricultural science and technology and management measures.
The peony is subjected to low-temperature treatment in the second step and the fourth step, because the peony forms a unique low-temperature dormancy characteristic in a long-term system evolution process, great inconvenience is brought to forcing culture and flowering phase regulation, and the low-temperature treatment can effectively relieve rhizome dormancy through temperature influence on peony dormancy and endogenous hormone change research, so that accurate technical basis is provided for production and culture technologies such as integrated culture of the peony, flowering phase regulation promotion and the like. The low-temperature treatment is carried out at the temperature of-1 to-3 ℃, and the treatment temperature is low, so that the treatment time of a cold storage can be shortened by about half a month;
placing the potted peony with a flowerpot in a greenhouse at 10-25 ℃ for cultivation in the third step and the fifth step; the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is about 15-25 ℃, ventilation is combined, the air humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70%, and if the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days, powdery mildew and gray mold are easily damaged; in different growth stages, different peony varieties have different requirements on temperature, and the dormancy can be broken only by cold storage under the condition of low temperature; after dormancy breaking, the peony stems grow optimally at the night temperature of 10-15 ℃ and at the daytime temperature of 15-25 ℃; the temperature control has an important function for breaking dormancy of the Chinese herbaceous peony and promoting cultivation.
In the third step and the fifth step, in the 5 th week to 17 th week, 500ml to 1000ml of water is watered per pot every week, the soil humidity is observed, and the soil humidity in the pot is maintained to be about 40% to 90%; because the peony is afraid of waterlogging, the peony is not irrigated generally, the surface soil is whitish, and the soil sample taken out from the pot with the depth of 10cm cannot be kneaded into long strips, but the peony can be irrigated for 1 time in the evening when the soil is pressed into blocks.
In the third step and the fifth step, spraying 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide liquid for three times in 8-17 weeks; the monopotassium phosphate is a quick-acting fertilizer, is used for foliage spraying, can achieve the purpose of quickly supplementing fertilizers, can promote development and quickly supplement nutrients particularly when the Chinese herbaceous peony needs a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a critical period, is compounded with brassinolide for use, is better added with flowers, and is a novel environment-friendly plant growth regulator which can obviously improve the quality and the cold and drought resistance of the Chinese herbaceous peony.
In the third step and the fifth step, spraying a paclobutrazol solution with the spraying concentration of 15ppm for three times uniformly in 18-20 weeks, wherein the paclobutrazol solution is sprayed once a week to inhibit the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony, promote the fallen leaves and do not need watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy; the paclobutrazol solution has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internodes, promoting plant tillering, promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing plant stress resistance and controlling the growth of the Chinese herbaceous peony. Abscisin is also a plant hormone for inhibiting growth, can promote leaves to fall off and also can enable buds to enter a dormant state, and has an inhibiting effect on the prolonging of cells; the condition for breaking dormancy at the low temperature of the second season is realized by controlling the drought condition caused by watering and spraying paclobutrazol or abscisic acid to promote the Chinese herbaceous peony to enter dormancy and enter dormancy state early.
In the greenhouse cultivation in the third step and the fifth step, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and the light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day. The illumination also has certain influence on the growth and development of the peony, but because the peony belongs to a middle-aged illumination plant, the growth and development of the peony is not obviously influenced by the length of the sunshine time, the influence of the illumination on the growth and development of the peony is mainly reflected on the illumination intensity, and the requirements of different varieties of the peony on the illumination intensity are different.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method solves the problems of short suitable time, low seedling survival rate, uneven specification and the like of the traditional peony division propagation, realizes the standard high-efficiency production of peony seedlings by one-year two-season forcing culture, accelerated propagation and intensive fine management, solves the bottleneck problem of low propagation efficiency which hinders the development of the peony industry, lays a foundation for high-power propagation and rapid large-area popularization and application of new varieties of the peony, and promotes the industrial development of the peony. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, practicability, low cost, short breeding period, high success rate and the like, the peony propagation efficiency is greatly improved by adopting the one-year two-season forcing culture, the abundant propagation efficiency of the peony variety is improved by about 185% and the exquisite propagation efficiency of the peony variety is improved by about 178% compared with the common field culture by adopting the one-year two-season forcing culture.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
selecting a plurality of peony varieties such as big, rich, exquisite, yimahong, coral falling day and the like and peony hybrid seeds as test objects, wherein the tested plants grow for 5 years, each plant has more than 10 stems and more than 20 buds, the flower buds are full, the root systems of the plants are complete and robust, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, no mechanical damage exists, and proper greenhouse facilities are selected to implement two-season forcing cultivation and expanded cultivation and propagation projects of the peony in one year.
Example 1: a method for improving the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony by forcing culture in two seasons in one year comprises the following steps:
first season propagation
Step one, flowerpot cultivation:
1) selecting flowerpots with the basin diameter of more than 30 centimeters and the depth of more than 50 centimeters before and after 8 months and 10 days; selecting peony plants which have strong growth potential, many and upright branches and healthy growth to divide the plants into one plant by 2-3 buds, removing rotten roots, leaving 10-15 cm long nutritive roots, drying in the shade for about 1 h, and planting the peony divided plants in flowerpots;
2) before potting, processing and soaking the root system of the peony in 500 times liquid of 50% mancozeb and 800 times liquid of 75% carbendazim for 10-20 minutes, covering soil in the potting to be higher than the root system to bud by 1 cm, planting the peony in the potting, watering thoroughly, optimally watering with bud dew, and covering with 2-3cm of dry soil;
3) preparing loam for a basin soil and turfy soil in a ratio of 1:1, adding 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter, and mixing 2 kg of 5% of toxicant granules or 5% of phoxim granules to prevent grub harm;
step two, low-temperature treatment:
20-9-10 days in 8-9 months, placing the potted peony plants planted in the plants in the step one together with flowerpots in a cold storage at a low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for more than 30 days;
step three, greenhouse cultivation management:
1) placing the potted plants with the flowerpots in a greenhouse at 10-25 ℃ for cultivation for about 150 days from 9 months to 11 months and 10 days from 2 months; the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is about 15-25 ℃, and the air humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining air release, so that the condition that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days is avoided, and the hazards of powdery mildew and gray mold are easily caused;
2) watering 1 time per week for the first 4 weeks to facilitate the plant to rapidly recover growth, continuously spraying 50ppm gibberellin for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once in the early morning and evening each day;
3) in 5-17 weeks, watering each pot by about 500-1000 ml each week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
4) spraying 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide liquid for three times in 8-17 weeks, and timely removing after buds appear, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
5) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, once per week, inhibiting the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony and promoting defoliation; no longer watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
6) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day;
(II) second-season propagation
Step four, low-temperature treatment:
2, 11-3, 13 days, and transferring the Chinese herbaceous peony planted according to the step one into a cold storage for low-temperature treatment for more than 30 days at the temperature of-1 to-3 ℃;
step five, cultivation management:
1) 3, 14-4, 10 days, transplanting the planted peony with a flowerpot into a greenhouse of 10-25 ℃ for cultivation, wherein the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature at daytime is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining ventilation, so that the situation that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days and the hazard of powdery mildew and gray mold is easily caused is avoided;
2) 4, 11-8, 19 days, and cultivating in the open field in China, south China and east China; in northwest and northeast regions, a sunlight greenhouse is adopted in combination with local air temperature, and the environment temperature is ensured to be about 15-25 ℃;
3) in the first 4 weeks, watering for 1 time per week to facilitate the rapid growth recovery of plants; spraying 50ppm gibberellin continuously for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once in the morning and evening;
4) watering 500 ml-1000 ml per pot every week in 5-17 weeks, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
5) spraying 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide solution for three times in 8-17 weeks; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
6) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, wherein the paclobutrazol solution is sprayed once a week to inhibit the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony, promote fallen leaves and avoid watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
7) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and the light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day.
Example 2: the method for improving the peony propagation efficiency by cultivating the Chinese Central plains-Hainan across areas in two seasons in one year comprises the following steps:
first season propagation
Step one, flowerpot cultivation:
1) selecting flowerpots with the basin diameter of more than 30 centimeters and the depth of more than 50 centimeters before and after 8 months and 10 days; selecting peony plants which have strong growth potential, many and upright branches and healthy growth to divide the plants into one plant by 2-3 buds, removing rotten roots, leaving 10-15 cm long nutritive roots, drying in the shade for about 1 h, and planting the peony divided plants in flowerpots;
2) before potting, processing and soaking the root system of the peony in 500 times liquid of 50% mancozeb and 800 times liquid of 75% carbendazim for 10-20 minutes, covering soil in the potting to be higher than the root system to bud by 1 cm, planting the peony in the potting, watering thoroughly, optimally watering with bud dew, and covering with 2-3cm of dry soil;
3) preparing loam for a basin soil and turfy soil in a ratio of 1:1, adding 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter, and mixing 2 kg of 5% of toxicant granules or 5% of phoxim granules to prevent grub harm;
step two, low-temperature treatment:
20-9-10 days in 8-9 months, placing the potted peony plants planted in the plants in the step one together with flowerpots in a cold storage at a low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for more than 30 days;
step three, greenhouse cultivation management:
1) placing the potted plants with the flowerpots in a greenhouse at 10-25 ℃ for cultivation for about 150 days from 9 months to 11 months and 10 days from 2 months; the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is about 15-25 ℃, and the air humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining air release, so that the condition that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days is avoided, and the hazards of powdery mildew and gray mold are easily caused;
2) watering 1 time per week for the first 4 weeks to facilitate the plant to rapidly recover growth, continuously spraying 50ppm gibberellin for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once in the early morning and evening each day;
3) in 5-17 weeks, watering each pot by about 500-1000 ml each week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
4) spraying 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide liquid for three times in 8-17 weeks, and timely removing after buds appear, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
5) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, once per week, inhibiting the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony and promoting defoliation; no longer watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
6) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day;
(II) second-season propagation
Step four, low-temperature treatment:
2, 11-3, 13 days, and transferring the Chinese herbaceous peony planted according to the step one into a cold storage for low-temperature treatment for more than 30 days at the temperature of-1 to-3 ℃;
step five, cultivation management:
1) 3, 14-8, 19 days, transporting the planted peony with a flowerpot to subtropical regions of Hainan province for cultivation, and reducing the temperature by combining shading and surrounding spraying when the environmental temperature is about 15-25 ℃ and the temperature is above 25 ℃;
2) in the first 4 weeks, watering for 1 time per week to facilitate the rapid growth recovery of plants; spraying gibberellin of 50ppm continuously for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once every morning and evening;
3) watering 500 ml-1000 ml per pot every week in 5-17 weeks, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
4) spraying 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide solution for three times in 8-17 weeks; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
5) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, wherein the spraying is performed once a week, the growth of the Chinese herbaceous peony is inhibited, the fallen leaves are promoted, and the watering is controlled; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening at 19 weeks to promote defoliation and dormancy.
Selecting 60 peony varieties of 4 peony varieties such as big, rich, exquisite, yimahong, coral falling day and the like as test objects, wherein the tested peony plants are 5-year-old, each plant stem is more than 10, buds are more than 22, flower buds are full, the root systems of the plants are complete, robust, free of diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical damage, selecting appropriate greenhouse facilities, breeding in 10 days in 8 months in the first season, starting seedlings, trimming and processing the divided plants, cultivating the treated seedlings in flowerpots, sending the selected test varieties into a refrigerator in 20 days in 8 months, treating the selected varieties in the refrigerator at low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for 30 days, placing the peony plants with the flowerpots in a greenhouse of 10-25 ℃, controlling the daytime temperature to be about 15-25 ℃, the nighttime temperature to be about 10-15 ℃ and the humidity to be about 50-70%. The second time, the peony with the flowerpot is transferred into a cold storage for low temperature treatment for more than 30 days at the temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ after being propagated for 11 days in 2 months. 3, 14-8-19 months, transporting the planted peony with a flowerpot to subtropical regions of Hainan province for cultivation, ensuring that the environmental temperature is about 15-25 ℃, and reducing the temperature by combining shading and surrounding spraying when the highest temperature is above 25 ℃ in the daytime; after the seedlings are cultivated, weeding, watering, fertilizing, pest control and the like are carried out regularly, and intensive management is well carried out. Compared with the common field cultivation, the two-season forcing cultivation in one year improves the abundant and expensive breeding efficiency of the peony variety by about 185%, and improves the breeding efficiency of the peony variety by about 178%.
Although the foregoing embodiments describe specific embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely illustrative and that various changes or modifications may be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the breeding efficiency of Chinese herbaceous peony by forcing culture in two seasons in one year is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
first season propagation
Step one, flowerpot cultivation:
1) selecting flowerpots with the basin diameter of more than 30 centimeters and the depth of more than 50 centimeters before and after 8 months and 10 days; selecting strong-growth and healthy peony plants for division, generally dividing 2-3 buds into one strain, removing rotten roots, leaving 10-15 cm long nutritive roots, drying in the shade for about 1 h, and planting the peony divided plants in flowerpots;
2) soaking the root system of the peony into the treatment solution for 10-2O minutes before potting, covering soil to 1 cm higher than the buds when potting, planting the peony in the pot, watering thoroughly, optimally watering with bud micro dew, and covering with 2-3cm of dry soil;
3) after the pot soil is treated, grub harm is prevented and killed;
step two, low-temperature treatment:
20-9-10 days in 8-9 months, placing the potted peony plants planted in the plants in the step one together with flowerpots in a cold storage at a low temperature of-1 to-3 ℃ for more than 30 days;
step three, greenhouse cultivation management:
1) placing the potted plants with the flowerpots in a greenhouse at 10-25 ℃ for cultivation for about 150 days from 9 months to 11 months and 10 days from 2 months; the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is about 15-25 ℃, and the air humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining air release, so that the condition that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days is avoided, and the hazards of powdery mildew and gray mold are easily caused;
2) watering 1 time per week for the first 4 weeks to facilitate the plant to rapidly recover growth, continuously spraying 50ppm gibberellin for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once in the early morning and evening each day;
3) in 5-17 weeks, watering 500-1000 ml per pot every week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the relative humidity of the soil in the pot at about 40-90%;
4) spraying 500 times of monopotassium phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide liquid for three times in 8-17 weeks, and timely removing after buds appear, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
5) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, once per week, inhibiting the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony and promoting defoliation; no longer watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
6) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day;
(II) second-season propagation
Step four, low-temperature treatment:
2, 11-3, 13 days in month, and the peony with the flowerpot is moved into a cold storage for low-temperature treatment for more than 30 days at the temperature of-1 to-3 ℃;
step five, cultivation management:
1) 3, 14-4, 10 days, transplanting the planted peony with a flowerpot into a greenhouse of 10-25 ℃ for cultivation, wherein the temperature at night is 10-15 ℃, the temperature at daytime is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity of the greenhouse is controlled to be about 50-70% by combining ventilation, so that the situation that the humidity is more than 70% for 2 consecutive days and the hazard of powdery mildew and gray mold is easily caused is avoided;
2) 4, 11-8, 19 days, and cultivating in the open field in China, south China and east China; in northwest and northeast areas, a sunlight greenhouse is adopted in combination with local air temperature, and the environmental temperature is ensured to be about 15-25 ℃;
3) in the first 4 weeks, watering for 1 time per week to facilitate the rapid growth recovery of plants; spraying gibberellin of 50ppm continuously for one week, and spraying to the disc of radix Paeoniae bud once every morning and evening;
4) in 5-17 weeks, watering 500-1000 ml per pot every week, observing soil humidity, and maintaining the humidity in the pot at about 40-90%;
5) spraying 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1500 times of brassinolide solution for three times in 8-17 weeks; after the flowering phase or 8-17 weeks, spraying 75% carbendazim 800-fold liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid once per week for alternate use to prevent and treat powdery mildew and gray mold;
6) in 18-20 weeks, spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 15ppm for even spraying for three times, wherein the paclobutrazol solution is sprayed once a week to inhibit the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony, promote fallen leaves and avoid watering; or spraying 20ppm abscisic acid once in the evening in the 19 th week to promote defoliation and enter dormancy;
7) in greenhouse cultivation, a common bulb of 200 watts can be used for supplementing light every 10 square meters, and the light is supplemented for 2 hours after dusk every day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: before potting in the first step, the root system of the peony is soaked in 500 times of 50% mancozeb and 800 times of 75% carbendazim solution.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for processing the pot soil in the first step comprises the following steps: mixing loam and turfy soil at a ratio of 1:1, adding 20 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter, and mixing 2 kg of 5% of toxicant granules or 5% of phoxim granules.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step five cultivation management, the planted peony with flower pots is transported to subtropical regions in Hainan province for cultivation in 3-8-19 days, and one-year two-season forcing cultivation in the central China-Hainan cross region is implemented.
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