CN111887082A - Bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method and application - Google Patents
Bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) cold-resistant screening; (2) pruning treatment points; (3) sterilizing and rooting; (4) cutting; (5) and (5) culturing and managing. The invention provides a bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method, by which a large number of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties with good cold resistance can be bred, can normally live through winter in upper triangular regions, can grow well for many years continuously, is suitable for large-scale popularization and planting in long triangular regions, and greatly meets market demands. The method is simple and has high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to bougainvillea spectabilis breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a native cold-resistant variety of bougainvillea spectabilis and application thereof.
Background
Bougainvillea spectabilis, also called purple triangle, is a vine-like shrub of the family Mirabilis. The brazil native to south America has large bracts, bright colors and long flowering period, and is a beautiful ornamental plant. Bougainvillea spectabilis a preference for warm humid climates and sufficient illumination, and has wide application in areas with higher average air temperature for some years.
The bougainvillea spectabilis is not cold-resistant, and is easy to freeze injury after the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ in winter, so that the bougainvillea spectabilis can not naturally live through winter outdoors in the cultivation area, and the facility protection operation adopted in winter for bougainvillea spectabilis unrealistic and the cost is higher. This severely restricts its application in northern areas of subtropics, especially in garden engineering where the long triangle has extensive market demand. In the Yangtze river delta area, the use of the bougainvillea spectabilis extends to 11 months of each year at most, and the bougainvillea spectabilis basically incapable of being stored outdoors in the later period along with the reduction of the air temperature, and even if the bougainvillea spectabilis capable of being stored, the plant type is seriously damaged and grows badly in the next spring, so that the aesthetic feeling of the bougainvillea spectabilis cannot be reflected. Therefore, the bougainvillea spectabilis with high cold resistance is screened out, propagated, popularized and applied, and the method has important practical significance for increasing the types of ornamental garden plants in autumn and winter in some regions with low temperature and enriching the selection range of woody flowers and shrubs in autumn and winter.
The screening and cultivation of the cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis varieties are not disclosed in the prior art, and the inventor actively researches and innovates based on the abundant practical experience and professional knowledge of years of design and manufacture of the products and the application of the theory so as to create a breeding method and application of the native cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis varieties, and can effectively improve the prior art. The inventor of the invention finally creates the invention with practical value after continuous research and design and repeated trial and improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a breeding method and application of a local cold-resistant variety of bougainvillea spectabilis.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cold-resistant screening: selecting healthy bougainvillea spectabilis in the south, transplanting the bougainvillea spectabilis to the growing in the Yangtze triangle area, growing in the natural environment, keeping conventional watering, fertilizing and pest control, and after at least two years of overwintering growth, surviving as the cold-resistant variety;
(2) pruning treatment: selecting robust branches from the survived varieties as preferred varieties, carrying out top flat incision and bottom 45-degree incision on the selected robust branches, removing 80% of branches and leaves of the selected robust branches, and reserving 3 bud points on all branches;
(3) sterilization and rooting: placing the cut cuttings into a mixed solution of a bactericide and a rooting agent, soaking for 30min, and then placing the cuttings in a ventilated and cool position for airing;
(4) cuttage: inserting the branches processed in the step (3) into a seedbed by oblique-cutting burying;
(5) culturing and managing: and (3) building a sunshade and a grass curtain on the seedbed, keeping the branches which are just cut off in 3-4 hours each day for radiating light, and watering, fertilizing and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals.
According to the breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety, the branches in the step (2) are lignified branches with the length of more than two years.
The breeding method of the native cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety, wherein the washing of the branch is further included after pruning, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and soaking the pruned branches in a washing powder solution for 20min, washing the branches with tap water for 30s, repeatedly washing the branches with sterile water for 3-5 times, and draining for later use.
The breeding method of the indigenous cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety comprises the following steps of (1) mixing solution of the bactericide and the rooting agent in the step (3): 10-15% of starch, 1-5% of nutritional agent, 4-8% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.5% of indoleacetic acid, 0.1-0.5% of naphthylacetic acid, 1-5% of formaldehyde, 0.6-0.8% of vitamin C, 1-5% of humic acid, 0.1-0.5% of tea polyphenol, 0.5-1% of bactericide and the balance of water.
In the breeding method of the indigenous cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety, the nutritional agent is one or more of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium sulfate.
In the breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety, the bactericide is a robalin or a fuberian fungicide.
The breeding method of the primordial cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety, wherein the seedbed in the step (4) comprises the following components: 5cm of nutrient soil is paved on the seedbed mother soil, 5cm of river sand is paved on the top of the seedbed mother soil, the nutrient soil is sterilized by using carbendazim, and the river sand on the top of the nutrient soil is kept in a wet state.
According to the breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety, the inserting depth of the cuttage in the step (4) is 3-5 cm, the cuttage distance is 10cm x 10cm, and the cuttage branches are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character pin.
In the local cold-resistant variety breeding method for bougainvillea spectabilis, the cuttage time in the step (4) is 3-5 months or 9-11 months per year.
In the method for breeding the indigenous cold-resistant variety of bougainvillea spectabilis, 800 times of liquid of urea and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for fertilization in the step (5); and spraying 600 times of solution of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl every 10 days to prevent and treat diseases and pests.
By the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages: the invention provides a bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method, by which a large number of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties with good cold resistance can be bred, can normally live through winter in upper triangular regions, can grow well for many years continuously, is suitable for large-scale popularization and planting in long triangular regions, and greatly meets market demands. The method is simple and has high efficiency.
In conclusion, the special breeding method for the native cold-resistant variety of bougainvillea spectabilis can ensure high survival rate of plants in the upper triangular region and short culture period. The method has the advantages and practical value, does not have similar design publication or use in the similar products and methods, is innovative, has great improvement on the method or the function, has great technical progress, produces good and practical effects, has multiple enhanced efficacies compared with the prior products, is more suitable for practical use, has industrial wide utilization value, and is a novel, improved and practical new design.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Cold-resistant screening: more than 1000 bougainvillea spectabilis are introduced from Fujian and Guangdong, and transplanted to the open field of Nanjing Jiangning Chunhua base for cultivation, conventional watering, fertilization and pest control are kept, the average survival rate is less than about 5% after overwintering every year due to individual cold resistance difference, and after at least two years of overwintering growth, about 30 cold-resistant individual plants of 2 flower colors can be obtained for survival.
Pruning treatment: selecting robust lignified branch with more than two years from the surviving varieties as a preferred variety, carrying out flat cut at the top and 45-degree cut at the bottom, removing 80% of branches and leaves of the branch, and reserving 3 bud points on the whole branch. And soaking the pruned branches in a washing powder solution for 20min, washing the branches with tap water for 30s, repeatedly washing the branches with sterile water for 3-5 times, and draining for later use.
Sterilization and rooting: and (3) placing the cut cuttings into a mixed solution of a bactericide and a rooting agent for soaking for 30min, and then placing the cuttings in a ventilated and cool position for airing. The mixed solution of the bactericide and the rooting agent comprises the following components: 10% of starch, 3% of urea, 6% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.4% of indoleacetic acid, 0.3% of naphthylacetic acid, 3% of formaldehyde, 0.7% of vitamin C, 3% of humic acid, 0.3% of tea polyphenol, 0.8% of oxaprozin and the balance of water.
Cuttage: and (3) inserting the branches processed in the step (3) into a seedling bed by oblique cuts in 3-5 months, wherein the insertion depth is 3-5 cm, the cuttage distance is 10cm x 10cm, and the cuttage branches are distributed in a delta shape. The seedbed comprises the following components: 5cm of nutrient soil is paved on the seedbed mother soil, 5cm of river sand is paved on the top of the seedbed mother soil, the nutrient soil is sterilized by using carbendazim, and the river sand on the top of the nutrient soil is kept in a wet state.
Culturing and managing: building a sunshade and a grass curtain on the seedbed, keeping the branches which are just cut off in a scattered light for 3-4 hours every day, watering regularly, and spraying 800 times of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for fertilization; and spraying 600 times of solution of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl every 10 days to prevent and treat diseases and pests.
Example 2
Cold-resistant screening: more than 1000 bougainvillea spectabilis are introduced from Fujian and Guangdong, and transplanted to the open field of Nanjing Jiangning Chunhua base for cultivation, conventional watering, fertilization and pest control are kept, the average survival rate is less than about 5% after overwintering every year due to individual cold resistance difference, and after at least two years of overwintering growth, about 30 cold-resistant individual plants of 2 flower colors can be obtained for survival.
Pruning treatment: selecting robust lignified branch with more than two years from the surviving varieties as a preferred variety, carrying out flat cut at the top and 45-degree cut at the bottom, removing 80% of branches and leaves of the branch, and reserving 3 bud points on the whole branch. And soaking the pruned branches in a washing powder solution for 20min, washing the branches with tap water for 30s, repeatedly washing the branches with sterile water for 3-5 times, and draining for later use.
Sterilization and rooting: and (3) placing the cut cuttings into a mixed solution of a bactericide and a rooting agent for soaking for 30min, and then placing the cuttings in a ventilated and cool position for airing. The mixed solution of the bactericide and the rooting agent comprises the following components: 15% of starch, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 4% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5% of indoleacetic acid, 0.1% of naphthylacetic acid, 5% of formaldehyde, 0.6% of vitamin C, 1% of humic acid, 0.1% of tea polyphenol, 1% of a prochloraz bactericide and the balance of water.
Cuttage: and (4) during 9-11 months, inserting the branches processed in the step (3) into a seedling bed by oblique cuts, wherein the insertion depth is 3-5 cm, the cuttage distance is 10cm x 10cm, and the cuttage branches are distributed in a delta shape. The seedbed comprises the following components: 5cm of nutrient soil is paved on the seedbed mother soil, 5cm of river sand is paved on the top of the seedbed mother soil, the nutrient soil is sterilized by using carbendazim, and the river sand on the top of the nutrient soil is kept in a wet state.
Culturing and managing: building a sunshade and a grass curtain on the seedbed, keeping the branches which are just cut off in a scattered light for 3-4 hours every day, watering regularly, and spraying 800 times of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for fertilization; and spraying 600 times of solution of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl every 10 days to prevent and treat diseases and pests.
Example 3
Cold-resistant screening: more than 1000 bougainvillea spectabilis are introduced from Fujian and Guangdong, and transplanted to the open field of Nanjing Jiangning Chunhua base for cultivation, conventional watering, fertilization and pest control are kept, the average survival rate is less than about 5% after overwintering every year due to individual cold resistance difference, and after at least two years of overwintering growth, about 30 cold-resistant individual plants of 2 flower colors can be obtained for survival.
Pruning treatment: selecting robust lignified branch with more than two years from the surviving varieties as a preferred variety, carrying out flat cut at the top and 45-degree cut at the bottom, removing 80% of branches and leaves of the branch, and reserving 3 bud points on the whole branch. And soaking the pruned branches in a washing powder solution for 20min, washing the branches with tap water for 30s, repeatedly washing the branches with sterile water for 3-5 times, and draining for later use.
Sterilization and rooting: and (3) placing the cut cuttings into a mixed solution of a bactericide and a rooting agent for soaking for 30min, and then placing the cuttings in a ventilated and cool position for airing. The mixed solution of the bactericide and the rooting agent comprises the following components: 18% of starch, 1% of calcium sulfate, 8% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2% of indoleacetic acid, 0.5% of naphthylacetic acid, 1% of formaldehyde, 0.8% of vitamin C, 5% of humic acid, 0.5% of tea polyphenol, 0.5% of a prochloraz bactericide and the balance of water.
Cuttage: and (4) during 9-11 months, inserting the branches processed in the step (3) into a seedling bed by oblique cuts, wherein the insertion depth is 3-5 cm, the cuttage distance is 10cm x 10cm, and the cuttage branches are distributed in a delta shape. The seedbed comprises the following components: 5cm of nutrient soil is paved on the seedbed mother soil, 5cm of river sand is paved on the top of the seedbed mother soil, the nutrient soil is sterilized by using carbendazim, and the river sand on the top of the nutrient soil is kept in a wet state.
Culturing and managing: building a sunshade and a grass curtain on the seedbed, keeping the branches which are just cut off in a scattered light for 3-4 hours every day, watering regularly, and spraying 800 times of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for fertilization; and spraying 600 times of solution of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl every 10 days to prevent and treat diseases and pests.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A bougainvillea spectabilis native cold-resistant variety breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) cold-resistant screening: selecting healthy bougainvillea spectabilis in the south, transplanting the bougainvillea spectabilis to the growing in the Yangtze triangle area, growing in the natural environment, keeping conventional watering, fertilizing and pest control, and after at least two years of overwintering growth, surviving as the cold-resistant variety;
(2) pruning treatment: selecting robust branches from the survived varieties as preferred varieties, carrying out top flat incision and bottom 45-degree incision on the selected robust branches, removing 80% of branches and leaves of the selected robust branches, and reserving 3 bud points on all branches;
(3) sterilization and rooting: placing the cut cuttings into a mixed solution of a bactericide and a rooting agent, soaking for 30min, and then placing the cuttings in a ventilated and cool position for airing;
(4) cuttage: inserting the branches processed in the step (3) into a seedbed by oblique-cutting burying;
(5) culturing and managing: and (3) building a sunshade and a grass curtain on the seedbed, keeping the branches which are just cut off in 3-4 hours each day for radiating light, and watering, fertilizing and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests at regular intervals.
2. The breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis variety according to claim 1, wherein the shoot in the step (2) is lignified shoot with more than two years.
3. The bougainvillea spectabilis variety breeding method according to claim 1, further comprising washing branches after pruning, specifically comprising: and soaking the pruned branches in a washing powder solution for 20min, washing the branches with tap water for 30s, repeatedly washing the branches with sterile water for 3-5 times, and draining for later use.
4. The breeding method of the primordial cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of the bactericide and the rooting agent in the step (3) comprises the following components: 10-15% of starch, 1-5% of nutritional agent, 4-8% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.5% of indoleacetic acid, 0.1-0.5% of naphthylacetic acid, 1-5% of formaldehyde, 0.6-0.8% of vitamin C, 1-5% of humic acid, 0.1-0.5% of tea polyphenol, 0.5-1% of bactericide and the balance of water.
5. The breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis variety according to claim 4, wherein the nutrient is one or more of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium sulfate.
6. The breeding method of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties according to claim 4, wherein the bactericide is oxaprozin or furazolin bactericide.
7. The breeding method of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties according to claim 1, wherein the seedbed in the step (4) comprises: 5cm of nutrient soil is paved on the seedbed mother soil, 5cm of river sand is paved on the top of the seedbed mother soil, the nutrient soil is sterilized by using carbendazim, and the river sand on the top of the nutrient soil is kept in a wet state.
8. The breeding method of the bougainvillea spectabilis L indigenous cold-resistant variety according to claim 1, wherein the cuttage depth in the step (4) is 3-5 cm, the cuttage distance is 10cm x 10cm, and the cuttage branches are distributed in a shape of Chinese character pin.
9. The breeding method of the primordial cold-resistant bougainvillea spectabilis variety according to claim 1, wherein the cutting time in the step (4) is 3-5 months or 9-11 months per year.
10. The breeding method of bougainvillea spectabilis varieties according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), spraying and fertilizing are carried out by urea and 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; and spraying 600 times of solution of carbendazim, chlorothalonil or thiophanate methyl every 10 days to prevent and treat diseases and pests.
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